• 셀메드
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.37.1-37.4
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• 2012

In the present study, the volatile oil, chloroform extract and methanol extract of the woods of the plants Cedrus deodara and Pinus roxburghii were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus clavatus using the Agar diffusion method. The susceptibilities of the microorganisms to the extracts were compared with each other and with a selected standard antibiotic. It was observed that the volatile oil and chloroform extracts showed the significant antibacterial activities while the least antibacterial activity was recorded with the methanolic extracts. The higher Minimum Inhibitory Concentration value of the extracts and oils against fungus suggested that the plants may possess less antifungal activity. Phytochemical analysis and thin-layer chromatography profiling revealed the presence of flavonoids and terpenoids in the oil and chloroform extracts, which could explain the antimicrobial activity. The findings suggest that the Cedrus deodara and Pinus roxburghii have antimicrobial properties and they can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, further work is required in order to isolate the active constituents of the plants responsible for the antibacterial activity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.365-369
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• 2014

Cedrus deodara (Pinaceae) has been used traditionally in Ayurveda for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. 3,4-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)furan-2,5-dione (BDFD) was isolated from heart wood of Cedrus deodara and was shown to have antiepileptic and anxiolytic activity. Thus, the present study was aimed to explore its anti-depressant effect and to correlate the effect with serotonin and nor adrenaline levels of brain. Albino mice were used as experimental animal. Animals were divided in to three groups; vehicle control, imipramine (30 mg/kg i.p.), BDFD (100 mg/kg i.p.). Tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) was performed to evaluate antidepressant effect of BDFD. BDFD (100 mg/kg, i.p.) showed a significant decrease in immobility time when subjected to FST whereas immobility time was not significantly altered in TST. BDFD treatment increased serotonin and noradrenaline levels in the brain which is indicative of BDFD having possible atypical antidepressant action.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2010

반추동물의 급성 산독증의 예방 및 치료제 개발 연구의 일환으로 100종의 네팔 식물추출물을 이용하여 미생물 유래의 $\alpha$-amylase 및 $\alpha$-glucosidase 저해 활성을 평가하였다. 그결과 Cedrus deodara(Roxb.) G. Don와 Myrica nagi Thunb.추출물에서 acarbose보다 강력한 $\alpha$-amylase 저해활성을 확인하였으며, 각각의 $IC_{50}$는 44.5, 47.5 및 $50.5\;{\mu}g/mL$로 확인되었다. 또한 고혈당 치료 효과가 보고된 Cleistocalyx operculatus(Roxb.) 추출물에서는 강력한 $\alpha$-amylase 저해활성 및 양호한 $\alpha$-glucosidase 저해 활성을 확인하였다. 최종 선정된 3종의 추출물은 1 mg/mL 농도까지 인간적혈구에 대한 용혈활성이 없었으며, $80^{\circ}C$, 또는 0.01N HCl 조건에서 60분간 처리시에 활성의 변화가 나타나지 않았으며, 특히 C. operculatus(Roxb.)와 M. nagi Thunb의 경우 산 처리시에 오히려 20% 정도의 저해활성의 증가가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는, 최종 선정된 3종의 추출물이 미생물 유래의 전분분해 효소의 저해를 통해 반추동물의 급성 산독증 예방 및 치료에 이용 가능함을 제시하고 있다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 1980

곰솔, 개잎갈나무, 주목 등의 조원수목(造園樹木)에 있어서 $SO_2$가스 피해(被害)에 의한 ethylene 발생(發生) 및 에 의한 ethylene 발생억제효과(發生抑制效果)를 조사(調査)하고 아울러 $SO_2$ 가스 처리종료후(處理終了後) 엽(葉)의 유황함량(硫黃含量)을 분석(分析)하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 곰솔과 개잎갈나무에서는 $SO_2$ 처리(處理) 2일후(日後)에 가장 많은 ethylene 발생량(發生量)을 보였으나 주목은 처리(處理) 4일후(日後)까지도 계속 증가(增加)하였다. ethylene 발생량(發生量)은 곰솔에 비(比)하여 개잎갈나무와 주목에서 현저(顯著)히 많았으며 곰솔과 개잎갈나무에서는 가시적(可視的) 피해반점(被害斑點)이 나타나기 전(前)에 많은 양(量)이 발생(發生)하였으나, 주목에서는 피해반점(被害斑點)이 나타난 후(後)에 다량(多量)이 발생(發生)되었다. 2. Ag ion은 $SO_2$ 가스 처리전(處理前)의 잎이나 처리후(處理後) 피해엽(被害葉)에 살포(撒布)한 경우 모두 ethylene 발생(發生)을 현저(顯著)히 억제(抑制)시켰으며 100ppm의 $A_gNO_3$ 용액(溶液)을 살포(撒布)했을때 가장 효과(效果)가 컸다. 3. 잎의 유황함량(硫黃含量)은 무처리구(無處理區)에 있어서는 수종간(樹種間) 차이(差異)가 크지 않았으나 $SO_2$ 가스 처리후(處理後)에는 주목에 비(比)하여 곰솔과 개잎갈나무에서 다소(多少) 높은 함유량(含有量)을 보였다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2016

The long lived iteroparous conifers produce male and female gametophyte for hundreds of years once they reach the reproductive stage, however, the production of seed is not frequent. This phenomenon of infrequent seed production in conifers is yet to be understood. An attempt to study this change in cone production in Cedrus deodara of Western Himalayas -a species reported to be mainly monoecious and rarely dioecious has been made. The observations recorded on selected trees of flowering/fruiting stage for four years at four different locations have shown the species to be dioecious with higher percentage of female trees during good seed year but with no definite or predictable pattern of reproduction in the trees. A decline in production of female trees was witnessed at all but one location immediately year after reaching the maximum (good seed year). The phenomenon of seed production has been observed to be cyclic and site specific. A change in the sexual behavior of the trees from male to female or vice-versa, male or female turning monoecious or vegetative and vegetative coming to reproductive was unpredictable.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.208-218
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• 1991

To compare the resistance of landscape trees by acid rain, simulated acid rain was treated on the seeds of 6 coniferous species (Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus koraiensis, Taxus cuspidata, Cedrus deodara, Thuja occidentalis) and 6 broad-leafed species (Ligustrum obtusifolium, Acer Buergerianum, Acer Ginnala, Styrax obassia, Cornus Kousa, Magnolia obovata). The experimental design of randomized block arrangement with three replications was implemented in the experimental field of Yesan National Agri-Tech Junior College. The seeds of 12 tree species were planted on the nursery soil in the early spring of 1991. The regime of artificial acid rain, in terms of spray frequency per monthly and spray amount at year records. Simulated acid rain (pH 2.0, pH 4.0, pH 5.6 as control) containing sulfuric and nitric acid in the ratio of 3:2 (chemical equivalant basis) diluted ground water, were treated on the experimental plants under condition of cutting off the natural precipitation with vinyl tunnel, during the growing season (April 8 to August 31) in 1991. Seedling establishment, seedling growth and nutrient contents in needles and leaves were measured and compared among the treatment. The results were summerized as follows; 1. In general, coniferous species were more resistant than broad-leafed species in the resistant comparisons of landscape trees by simulated acid rain. But there were resistant tree species to acid rain among the broad-leafed species. 2. Among 6 coniferous species used in this experiment, Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Taxus cuspidata, Cedrus deodara and Pinus thunbergii revealed the resistant tree species to acid rain. But Thuja occidentalis was very susceptible to acid rain, because of no germination in pH 2.0 treatment plot of acid rain. 3. Among 6 broad-leafed species used in this study, Magnolia obovata, Styrax obassia and Ligustrum obtusifolium showed relative resistant tree species to acid rain. But Acer Buergerianum, Acer Ginnala and Cornus Kousa were very susceptible to acid rain, because of no germination in pH 2.0 plot of acid rain treatment.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.96-109
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• 2024

Background: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government initiated the Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project including regeneration and afforestation approaches. An effort was made to assess the distribution characteristics of afforested species under present and future climatic scenarios using ecological niche modelling. For sustainable forest management, landscape ecology can play a significant role. A significant change in the potential distribution of tree species is expected globally with changing climate. Ecological niche modeling provides the valuable information about the current and future distribution of species that can play crucial role in deciding the potential sites for afforestation which can be used by government institutes for afforestation programs. In this context, the potential distribution of 8 tree species, Cedrus deodara, Dalbergia sissoo, Juglans regia, Pinus wallichiana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Senegalia modesta, Populus ciliata, and Vachellia nilotica was modeled. Results: Maxent species distribution model was used to predict current and future distribution of tree species using bioclimatic variables along with soil type and elevation. Future climate scenarios, shared socio-economic pathways (SSP)2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 were considered for the years 2041-2060 and 2081-2100. The model predicted high risk of decreasing potential distribution under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 climate change scenarios for years 2041-2060 and 2081-2100, respectively. Recent afforestation conservation sites of these 8 tree species do not fall within their predicted potential habitat for SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios. Conclusions: Each tree species responded independently in terms of its potential habitat to future climatic conditions. Cedrus deodara and P. ciliata are predicted to migrate to higher altitude towards north in present and future climate scenarios. Habitat of D. sissoo, P. wallichiana, J. regia, and V. nilotica is practiced to be declined in future climate scenarios. Eucalyptus camaldulensis is expected to be expanded its suitability area in future with eastward shift. Senegalia modesta habitat increased in the middle of the century but decreased afterwards in later half of the century. The changing and shifting forests create challenges for sustainable landscapes. Therefore, the study is an attempt to provide management tools for monitoring the climate change-driven shifting of forest landscapes.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.49-68
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• 2021

This study was to carried out to survey and analyse the vascular plants of Mt. Jangsan, Busan Metropolitan City, South Korea. The vascular plants were surveyed from June to October, 2019. The numbers of vascular plants in this site were 497 taxa and comprised of 106 families, 306 genera, 454 species, 7 subspecies, 29 varieties, 5 forms and 2 hybrids. The planted species were 16 taxa including Ginkgo biloba, Cedrus deodara, Zea mays and so on. In this study, 309 taxa were identified, including Selaginella rossii, Cyrtomium falcatum, Cephalanthera falcata and so on. The rare plants were 4 taxa including Hololeion maximowiczii(EN), Ottelia alismoides(LC), Iris ensata Thunb. var. spontanea(LC) and Sagittaria trifolia(DD). All rare plants were found in Jangsan Wetland. The Korean endemic plants were 9 taxa including Populus × tomentiglandulosa, Hemerocallis hakuunensis, Hosta minor and so on. The floristic target species were totally 53 taxa, which were 2 taxa of grade IV, 11 taxa of grade III, 6 taxa of grade II and 34 taxa of grade I. The alien plants were 58 taxa including Rumex crispus, Ipomoea purpurea, Helianthus tuberosus, Vulpia myuros and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.490-498
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• 2022

The current study aimed to verify the image segmentation ability of rays in tangential thin sections of conifers using artificial intelligence technology. The applied model was Mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) and softwoods (viz. Picea jezoensis, Larix gmelinii, Abies nephrolepis, Abies koreana, Ginkgo biloba, Taxus cuspidata, Cryptomeria japonica, Cedrus deodara, Pinus koraiensis) were selected for the study. To take digital pictures, thin sections of thickness 10-15 ㎛ were cut using a microtome, and then stained using a 1:1 mixture of 0.5% astra blue and 1% safranin. In the digital images, rays were selected as detection objects, and Computer Vision Annotation Tool was used to annotate the rays in the training images taken from the tangential sections of the woods. The performance of the Mask R-CNN applied to select rays was as high as 0.837 mean average precision and saving the time more than half of that required for Ground Truth. During the image analysis process, however, division of the rays into two or more rays occurred. This caused some errors in the measurement of the ray height. To improve the image processing algorithms, further work on combining the fragments of a ray into one ray segment, and increasing the precision of the boundary between rays and the neighboring tissues is required.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.152-163
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• 1981

$SO_2$가 몇가지 원예작물(園藝作物)에 미치는 피해(被害)를 내생(內生) ethylene발생(發生), 광합성(光合成), 호흡(呼吸), 엽중류황함량(葉中硫黃含量)등과 관련(關聯)하여 조사(調査)하고, 아울러 $AgNO_3$, daminozide, benomyl등의 처리(處理)에 의(依)한 피해경감효과를 측정(測定)하였던바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1.수종(樹種)에 따라서 $SO_2$의 피해(被害)로 인(因)하여 내생(內生) ethylene의 발생율(發生率)에 큰 차이(差異)를 보였으며 5ppm처리(處理)는 2.5ppm처리(處理)에 비(比)하여 ethylene의 최대(最大)발생량(發生量)이 많았고 그 발생시간(發生時間)도 더 빨랐다. 2. $AgNO_3$ 용액(溶液)의 살포(撒布)는 개나리와 개잎갈나무에서 $SO_2$ 피해(被害)로 일어나는 내생(內生) ethylene의 발생량(發生量)을 현저(顯著)히 저하(低下)시켰으며 개나리의 낙엽율(落葉率)을 크게 감소(減少)시켰다. 3. 개나리는 $SO_2$의 농도(濃度)에 관계(關係)없이 광합성(光合成)이 일단 감소(減少)된 후(後) 처리시간(處理時間)이 경과(經過)함에 따라서 큰 변화(變化)를 보이지 않았으나 해바라기는 5ppm 처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 4시간후(時間後)부터 급격(急激)한 감소(減少)를 보였고 2.5ppm에서는 처리기간(處理期間)동안 감소(減少)되지 않았다. 4. 호흡량(呼吸量)은 수종(樹種)이나 $SO_2$의 처리농도(處理濃度)에 따라서 무처리구(無處理區)에 비(比)하여 많은 차이(差異)를 보였으며 daminozide과 benomyl살포(撒布)는 개잎갈나무와 개나리에서 호흡량(呼吸量)의 증감(增減)을 다소(多少) 억제(抑制)시켰으나, $AgNO_3$를 개잎갈나무에 살포(撒布)한 경우는 별다른 효과(效果)를 찾아볼 수 없었다. 5. $SO_2$ 처리구(處理區)에 있어서 5ppm구(區)는 2.5ppm구(區)에 비(比)하여 엽중류황함량(葉中硫黃含量)보다도 월등히 낮은 농도(濃度)에서 피해반점(被害斑点)이 나타나기 시작하였다.