• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.378-378
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• 2011

ZnO 나노선 구조는 나노선 구조를 통해 입사한 빛을 산란시켜 광흡수를 촉진시키고, 바닥 전극으로 바로 이어진 수직의 1차원 구조를 통해 전자가 빠르게 이동할 수 있으며, 넓은 표면적을 가지고 있는 등의 장점을 가지고 있어 오래전부터 광전소자에 이용되었다. 하지만 ZnO 물질 자체의 밴드갭 에너지가 3.2 eV로 비교적 큰 편이라 가시광 영역의 빛을 흡수, 이용하기 위해서는 작은 밴드갭을 가지는 광감응 물질이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 저온의 수열합성법을 통해 합성한 ZnO 나노선 구조 상에 Cd 계열의 무기물 양자점을 증착하여 이종구조를 형성하는 방법을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 양자점인 CdS와 CdSe는 벌크 밴드갭 에너지가 각각 2.3 eV, 1.7 eV로 가시광 영역의 빛을 흡수할 수 있으며, ZnO 나노선과 type-II 밴드구조를 가지기 때문에 전자-정공 분리 및 포집에 유리하다. 합성된 구조를 이용하여 photoelectrochemical 특성을 분석하였으며, 그 결과 양자점의 증착으로 광전류 생성이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 특히 ZnO 나노선 상에 CdS 양자점 증착 후 추가적으로 CdSe 양자점을 증착하여 다중접합 나노선 구조를 형성한 경우 광전류 생성이 가장 크게 향상된 결과를 확인하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.856-862
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• 2013

The photoanode electrode of $TiO_2$ nanotubes (NTs) anchored with ZnS/CdSSe/CdS quantum dots (QDs) was prepared by anodization of Ti metal and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) procedure. The tuning of the band gap of CdSSe was done with controlled composition of Cd, S, or Se during the SILAR. A ladder-like energy structure suitable for carrier transfer was attained with the photoanode electrode. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of our solar cell fabricated with the regular array of $TiO_2$ NTs anchored with CdSSe/CdS or CdSe/CdS QDs [i.e., (CdSSe/CdS/$TiO_2NTs$) or (CdSe/CdS/$TiO_2NTs$)] was PCE = 3.49% and 2.81% under the illumination at 100 mW/$cm^2$, respectively. To protect the photocorrosion of our solar cell from the electrolyte and to suppress carrier recombination, ZnS was introduced onto CdSSe/CdS. The PCE of our solar cell with the structure of a photoanode electrode, (ZnS/CdSSe/CdS/$TiO_2$ NTs/Ti) was 4.67% under illumination at 100 mW/$cm^2$.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.450-454
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• 2021

Currently, gamma nuclide analysis is mainly used using inorganic scintillators or semiconductor detectors. These detectors have high resolution but there are less economical, limited in size, and low process ability than plastic scintillators. Therefore, quantum dot-based plastic scintillator was developed using the advantages of the quantum dot nanomaterial and the conventional plastic scintillator. In this study, efficient plastic scintillator was fabricated by adding CdS/ZnS based on the most widely used Cd-based nanomaterial in a polystyrene matrix. In addition, the performance of the commercial plastic scintillator was compared and it was analyzed through radiological measurement experiments. The detection efficiency of fabricated plastic scintillator was higher than commercial plastic scintillator, EJ-200. It is believed that this fabricated plastic scintillator can be used as a radioactivity analyzer in the medical and nuclear facility fields.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

Ionic liquids are room-temperature molten salts, composed of organic mostly of organic ions that may undergo almost unlimited structural variation. We approach the new aspects of ionic liquids in applications where the semiconductor nanoparticles used as sensitizers of solar cells. We studied the effects of ionic liquids as capping ligand and/or solvent, on the morphology and phase of the CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles. Colloidal CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized using a series of imidazolium ionic liquids; 1-R-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([RMIM][TFSI]), where R = ethyl ([EMIM]), butyl ([BMIM]), hexyl ([HMIM]), octyl ([OMIM]). The average size of nanoparticles was 8~9 nm, and both zinc-blende and wurtzite phase was produced. We also synthesized the nanoparticles using a mixture of trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([$P_{6,6,6,14}$][TFSI]) and octadecene (ODE). The CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles have a smaller size (5.5 nm) than that synthesized using imidazolium, and with a controlled phase from zinc-blende to wurtzite by increasing the volume ratio of [$P_{6,6,6,14}$][TFSI]. For the first time, the phase and size control of the CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles was successfully demonstrated using those ionic liquids.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.257.1-257.1
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• 2015

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) 박막 태양 전지에서 buffer layer는 CIGS 흡수층과 TCO 사이의 밴드갭 차이에 대한 문제점과 lattice mismatch를 해결하기 위해 필수적이다. 흔히 buffer layer 물질로는 CdS가 가장 많이 사용되고 있으나 Cd의 독성에 관한 문제가 야기되고 있다. 따라서 ZnS(O, OH) buffer layer가 친환경 물질로 기존의 CdS 버퍼 층의 대체 물질로 각광 받고 있으며, 단파장 범위에서 높은 투과율로 인해 wide band gap의 Chalcopyrite 태양 전지에 응용되는 buffer layer로 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 또한 buffer layer를 최적화 하여 carrier lifetime과 양자 효율이 증가시킬 수 있는 특성을 가지고 있다. 이 연구에서는 Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) 박막에 화학습식공정 (CBD) 방법을 이용하여 최적화된 ZnS(O, OH)의 증착 조건을 찾고, 고품질의 buffer layer를 제조하기 위한 실험에 초점을 맞췄다. 또한, buffer layer의 막질을 개선하고 균일한 막을 제조하기 위해 processing parameters인 시약의 농도, 제조 시간 및 온도 등의 다양한 변화를 통해 실험을 진행하였다. 그 후 최적화된 ZnS(O, OH) buffer layer의 특성 분석을 위해 X-ray diffraction(XRD), photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and GD-OES을 이용하였고, 이를 통해 제조된 CIGS 박막 태양전지는 light induced current-voltage (LIV) and external quantum efficiency (EQE)를 통해 특성 분석을 실시 하였다. 결과적으로, 제조된 ZnS(O, OH) buffer layer의 $ZnSO4{\cdot}7H2O$의 농도는 0.16 M, Thiourea는 0.5 M, NH4OH는 7.5 M, 그리고 반응 온도는 77.5 oC의 조건 하에 CIGS 기판 위에 균일하고 균열이 없는 ZnS(O, OH) 박막을 제조하였으며 이때 제조된 태양전지의 소자 특성은 Voc = 0.478 V, Jsc = 35.79 mA/cm2, FF = 47.77%, ${\eta}=8,18 %$이다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.152-153
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• 2006

The new approach to buffer layer design for CIGS solar cells that permitted to reduce the buffer absorption losses in the short wavelength range and to overcome the disadvantages inherent to Cd-free CIGS solar cells was proposed. A chemical bath deposition method has been used to produce a high duality buffer layer that comprises thin film of CdS and Zn-based film. The double layer was grown on either ITO or CIGS substrates and its morphological, structural and optical properties were characterized. The Zn-based film was described as the ternary compound $ZnS_x(OH)_y$. The composition of the $ZnS_x(OH)_y$ layer was not uniform throughout its thickness. $ZnS_x(OH)_y$/CdS/substrate region was a highly intermixed region with gradually changing composition. The short wavelength cut-off of double layer was shifted to shorter wavelength (400nm) compared to that (520 nm) for the standard CdS by optimization of the double buffer design. The results show the way to improve the light energy collection efficiency of the nearly cadmium-free CIGS-based solar cells.

• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.135-144
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• 2007

The removal efficiency of the heavy metals Zn, Pb and Cd by the zoosporic fungal species Saprolegnia delica and the terrestrial fungus Trichoderma viride, isolated from polluted water drainages in the Delta of Nile in Egypt, as affected by various ranges of pH values and different temperature degrees, was extensively investigated. The maximum removal efficiency of S. delica for Zn(II) and Cd(II) was obtained at pH 8 and for Pb(II) was at pH 6 whilst the removal efficiency of T. viride was found to be optimum at pH 6 for the three applied heavy metals. Regardless the median lethal doses of the three heavy metals, Zn recorded the highest bioaccumulation potency by S. delica at all pH values except at pH 4, followed by Pb whereas Cd showed the lowest removal potency by the fungal species and vice versa in case of T. viride. The optimum bio-mass dry weight production by S. delica was found when the fungus was grown in the medium treated with the heavy metal Pb at pH 6, followed by Zn at pH 8 and Cd at pH 8. The optimum biomass dry weight yield by T. viride amended with Zn, Pb and Cd was obtained at pH 6 for the three heavy metals with the maximum value at Zn. The highest yield of biomass dry weight was found when T. viride treated with Cd at all different pH values followed by Pb whilst Zn output was the lowest and this result was reversed in case of S. delica. The maximum removal efficiency and the biomass dry weight production for the three tested heavy metals was obtained at the incubation temperature $20^{\circ}C$ in case of S. delica while it was $25^{\circ}C$ for T. viride. Incubation of T. viride at higher temperatures ($30^{\circ}C\;and\;35^{\circ}C$) enhanced the removal efficiency of Pb and Cd than low temperatures ($15^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$) and vice versa in case of Zn removal. At all tested incubation temperatures, the maximum yield of biomass dry weight was attained at Zn treatment by the two tested fungal species. The bioaccumulation potency of S. delica for Zn was higher than that for Pb at all temperature degrees of incubation and Cd bioaccumulation was the lowest whereas T. viride showed the highest removal efficiency for Pb followed by Cd and Zn was the minor of the heavy metals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.05b
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• pp.35-38
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• 2002

In this paper, for digital x-ray conversion receptor development studied by hybrid technology of based on CdZnTe. For this study, First searched fabricate method of CdZnTe x-ray receptor. Second, search the phosphor material & fabricate method for scintillator layer. Fabricated sample is analyzed with physical & electric measurement. This result is showed good SNR ratio hybrid thechnology with direct method & indirect method. In this paper offer the method can reduce the dark-current in the hybrid X-ray detector.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2002

Investigation was carried out to observe the dominant bacteria and the effect of metals(Cd ＆ Zn) and its nitrate compound on growth of bacteria isolated from the three tributaries and lower reach of the Nakdong River. Mean CFU(log$_{10}$) level was highest in Kumho River(8.30 CFU), Nam River, Hwang River, and Mulgum followed. Staphylococcus xylosus, Staph. lentus, Pasteurella pneumotropica, Aeromonas hydrophilla were dominant species in each study site. Cadmium powder and Zinc powder showed strong effect to inhibit the growth of Micrococcus spp., Pasteurella pneumotropica, Aeromonas hydrophilla. But, nitrate compounds of Cd and Zn(Cd(NO$_3$)$_2$4$H_2O$, Zn(NO$_3$)$_2$6$H_2O$) did not clearly show the strong effect to inhibit the growth of dominants.s.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2015

Cu doping by copper or $Cu_2Te$ materials enhances p+ formation in CdTe near the back contact interface, allowing better formation of ohmic contact. However, the Cu in CdTe junction is also considered as a principal component of CdTe cell degradation. In this paper, Na-doped ZnTe layer was employed as a back contact material to improve the stability of CdTe solar cells. As a process variable, post $CdCl_2$ treatment of CdS/CdTe film was conducted before or after depositing ZnTe:Na on CdTe. The change of the photovoltaic properties of CdTe cells were investigated with aging time. Low-temperature photoluminescence analysis was conducted to describe the degradation mechanism. The result showed that the CdTe solar cells with better stability compare to Cu contact were achieved using an optimized ZnTe:Na back contact.