• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.3 s.113
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• pp.334-340
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• 2005

The chemical forms of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were analysed by sequential extraction technique to evaluate the effects of drying and heating of dredged sediments from Lake Chungcho. The most abundant fraction of Cd, Cu, and Zn in the wet and untreated sediment was organic/sulfidic fraction that is state in reducing environment such as the bottom condition of Lake Chungcho, while Pb dominated in residual fraction. This means that the source of Cd, Cu, and Zn in the Chungcho lake sediment is related to the organic degradation and Pb to the erosion from surrounding rocks. With drying and oxidation by dredging, heating treatment, and disposal of the lake sediment, the chemical forms of studied metals changed greatly from organic/sulfidic fraction to adsorbed and reducible fractions which are more labile in oxygenated environment. Organic/sulfidic fraction of Cd, Cu and Pb in the wet sediment was transformed with drying and heating treatments to the labile ones like adsorbed and reducible fraction, but Zn to carbonate and reducible fraction. Heating of the sediment at $320^{\circ}C$ greatly increased the labile fraction of Cd and Cu, while that at $105^{\circ}C$ for Pb and Zn. It is believed that the increase in labile forms of heavy metals in the sediments by drying and heating is caused by the contact with oxygen during drying and heating and by the increase of pH of the pore water at the expense of organic/sulfidic fraction. It is concluded that the drying and oxidation currently used in the treatment of dredged sediment can increase labile forms of heavy metals in the sediment, and the potential of the metal availability from the sediment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.385-388
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• 2003

폐광석에 함유되어 있는 총중금속함량을 측정하기 위한 전함량분석과 중금속을 다량 함유한 폐광석이 산성환경에 노출되어 있을 경우 중금속의 지화학적 거동을 파악하기 위해 산도를 변화시키면서 용출실험을 실시하였다. 전함량분석과 용출실험을 종합한 결과, 중금속 및 미량원소의 용출거동 특성을 크게 As-Co-Fe 형태와 Cu-Mn-Cd-Zn형태와 Pb로 구분할 수 있었다. As-Co-Fe의 용출특성은 약산성의 환경에서는 용출이 미약하나, 최종 pH 1.5이하의 강산성환경에서는 용출량이 급격하게 증가하며, Cu-Mn-Cd-Zn형태에서는 최초로 용해되는 pH가 5.0-3.0으로 As-Co-Fe 보다 다소 높았다. Pb는 다른 형태에 비해 상당히 적게 용출되었다 최종 용출된 함량과 관계없이 초기 용출이 발생하는 pH값을 기준으로 한 각 원소의 상대적인 이동성은 Mn =Zn>Cd=Cu>>Fe=Co>As>Pb 순서이며, 산성비는 Zn, Mn 및 Cu를 쉽게 용출시켜 이동도를 증가시킬 것으로 판단된다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.283-299
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• 2001

The middle cover soils and clay liners collected from the Kumheung landfill in Gongiu City were analysed for As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti and Zn concentrations using 0.] N HCl digestion and total/sequential extraction experiments followed by ICP-AES determination. The uncontaminated soil and sediment samples were also analyzed for the comparison. The results of sequential extraction showed that Cu was dominant in the oxidizable fraction, and As, Ni, Sr, Ba, and Mn were in the exchangeable fraction. Zinc and Mn occurred mostly in association with reducible, residual and carbonate fractions. Most of Cd and Pb were bound to the reducible and oxidizable fractions. The main carrier of Co, Cr, Fe and 11 was the residual fraction and another important carrier was the reducible fraction. The percentage of the metals of organically-bound form in the middle cover soils and clay liner was in the order of Cu(48%) > Ti(42%) > Pb(27%) > As(25%) > Cd(20%). As deduced from sequential extraction analysis, potential order of metal mobility in the middle cover soils and clay liner from the landfill was proposed: Cd > Sr > As > Ni > Mn > Ba > Cu > Pb > Zn » Co > 11 > Fe > Cr. Based on the 'geoaccumulation index' and the 'enrichment factor' normalized to A], the level of contamination of Cu, Ni and C1' was significant in the samples from Kumheung landfill and surrounding farmland. Their enrichments were attributed partly to anthropogenic pollutions.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the heavy metal distributions of soils in the vicinity of Shi-Hwa industrial complex region, where the air pollutants from industrial area could affect the soil environment of near residential and green areas. The ranges of contents of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils were 0.58~3.81, ND~0.91, 0.15~6.33, ND~l.86, 0.14~110.27, ND~l.17, 0.04~10.59, 1.16~86.48 and 1.83~212.65 mg/kg, respectively. For all industrial, residential and green areas, the heavy metal contents were much lower than the standard of Korean Soil Environmental Preservation Act or the critical concentration which phytotoxicity is considered to be possible. Mean values of contents of As were similar in industrial, residential and green areas. However, the mean values of contents of Cd and Cr in industrial area were higher 10 and 5 times than those in residential and green area, respectively. And also the mean values of contents of Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in industrial area were higher 2~3 times than those in residential and green area.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 1984

Heavy metal contents in soft tissues of mussels, Mytilus edulis, of Imweon, Banweol, Bay and Yeosu in Korea were determined during 1981∼82. The heavy metal measured were Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe. Depuration of mussel samples in clean seawater was needed adequate in the lowest levels of the complete excretion of gut contents. The 48hr depuration was adequate in the present study. Of the four study areas, Imweon showed the highest Pb, Mn and Fe contents. In Jinhae Bay, St. 9 showed the greatest Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe contents, whereas the highest levels of Cd, Cr and Cu were recorded at Sts. 7, 4 and 2, respectively. The concentrations of metals, except Cu, in mussels decreased with the growth of shell size.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 2014

In this study, the adsorption efficiency of mixed heavy metals in aqueous solution was investigated using steel slag. Moreover, heavy-metal stabilization treatment of contaminated marine sediment was achieved using steel slag as stabilizing agents. Heavy metal adsorption was characterized using Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted well to the Langmuir model in steel slag. The adsorption uptake of heavy metals were higher in the order of $Pb^{2+}$ > $Cd^{2+}$ > $Cu^{2+}$ > $Zn^{2+}$ > $Ni^{2+}$. The steel slage was applied for a wet-curing duration of 150 days. From the sequential extraction results, the exchangeable, carbonate, and oxides fractions of Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in sediment decreased by 13.0%, 6.0%, 1.3%, 17.0%, and 50.0%, respectively.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.529-531
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• 2003

In order to investigate the level of heavy metal contamination and the seasonal variation of metal concentrations in soils and sediments influenced by past mining activities, tailings, soil and sediment samples were collected from the Hwacheon mine in Korea. The main pollution sources in this mine site are suggested as tailings and mine waste rocks. Elevated levels of Cd, Pb and Zn were found in soils and sediments. In a study of seasonal variation on the heavy metals in soils and sediments, heavy metals were higher enriched collected from before rainy season ($2^{nd}$ sampling) than after rainy season ($1^{st}$ sampling). Also, in order to estimate the microbial effects on Cd speciation in sediments, bacteria which can adsorb Cd was isolated and Cd adsorption characteristics of isolated bacteria in Cd solution was evaluated. The Cd bioremoval efficiency in Cd solution (5 ppm) by bacteria was more than $90\%$. Bioremoval efficiency in single metal solution was higher than that in mixed metal solution of Pb and Zn.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

The main objective of this study was to analyse heavy metals in sediments obtained from Gwangan bridge and to evaluate pollution intensity of the sites. To evaluate pollution intensity of the sites, we used enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index, potential ecological risk factor (PERF), and mean PEL quotient. Pollution intensities of these sites were evaluated by above methods, and we found most dangerous heavy metal and polluted sites. All sites showed non polluted or low risk for the heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, but all sites were categorized as minor enrichment for Cd. G4 was evaluated as moderately polluted by Cd ($I_{geo}$) but other sites were unpolluted by heavy metals. In summary, Cd was found to be higher concentrations for all sites. For G4 and G5 sites, Pb and Zn in addition to Cd were higher than other sites.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.303-312
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• 2019

In this study, X-ray diffraction, ICP analysis, and leaching experiments were performed to analyze the heavy metals and dissolution characteristics of Andong dam sediments. As a result of X-ray diffraction analysis, Andong dam sediment consists of quartz, plagioclase, chlorite and illite. ICP analysis of sediment showed very high concentrations of As and Cd. Leaching experiments were performed in aerobic and anaerobic condition in a disturbed state. The results of leaching experiment showed that more heavy metals were leached in aerobic than anaerobic conditions. Heavy metal that increased in concentration with time in aerobic conditions were Mn, Zn and Cd, and those in anaerobic conditions were Mn, Fe and As. The leaching ratio of heavy metal concentration in sediment was Mn > Cd > Zn > Ni > Cu > As > Pb ≒ Fe ≒ Cr and Mn > As > Cu > Ni > Zn > Pb ≒ Cd ≒ Fe ≒ Cr in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1583-1590
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to examine the morphological responses of Hosta longipes, an ornamental plants for heavy metal contaminated soils in urban landscaping, to heavy metals Cd, Pb, and Zn. Plants were grown in artificial soil amended with Cd, Pb, and Zn at concentation of 0, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width, total leaf number, deaf leaf number, new leaf number, chlorophyll contents, and ornamental value were monitored from May to August. At 4 months after planting, the survival and morphological responses of H. longipes grown in soil amended with Cd at concentrations ${\geq}100mg/kg$ were severely affected compared to those grown in the control soil. Relative leaf length rate and relative leaf width rate were significantly decreased when the concentration of Pb was increased. Total leaf number, chlorophyll contents, and ornamental value were the lowest value in plants grown in soil amended with Pb at level of 500 mg/kg. Relative leaf length rate and relative leaf width rate, total leaf number, dead leaf number, new leaf number, and ornamental values had a tendency of decrease when plants were grown in soils amended with Zn. However, no significant difference was found among treatments except for plants were grown in soils amended with 500 mg/kg Zn. Therefore, Hosta longipes might be useful for phytoremediation of Zn contaminated sites as herbaceous ornamental plants.