• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1996

Influence diagram method is applied to containment performance analysis of Young-Gwang 3&4 in an effort to overcome some drawbacks of current containment performance analysis method. Event tee methodology has been adopted as a containment performance analysis method. There are, however, some drawbacks on event tree methodology. This study is to overcome three major drawbacks of the current containment performance analysis method : 1) Event tree cannot express dependency between events explicitly. 2) Accident Progression Event Tree (APET) cannot represent entire containment system. 3) It is difficult to consider decision making problem. To resolve these problems, influence diagrams, is proposed. In the present ok, the applicability of the influence diagrams has been demonstrated for YGN 3&4 containment performance analysis and accident management strategy assessments of this study are in good agreement with those of YGN 3&4 IPE. Sensitivity analysis has been peformed to identify relative important variables for each early containment failure, late containment and basemat melt-though. In addition, influence diagrams are used to assess two accident management strategies : 1) RCS depressurization, 2) cavity flooding. It is shown that influence diagrams can be applied to the containment performance analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 1990

A 70-year-old female who was diagnosed as myxoid chondrosarcoma by fine needle aspiration of a pleural mass is described. She presented with left chest discomfort of 4 months' duration and aggravating dyspnea and chest pain for 2 months. Chest X-ray and CT scan revealed a large lobulated low density mass invading chest wall at the left pleural cavity and massive pleural fluid. Fine needle aspiration was done under the impression of mesothelioma or metastatic cancer. The aspirates from the mass were very cellular and composed of isolated or clustered forms of large plump cells. Abundant cytoplasm was blulsh opaque and the margin was rounded in the isolated cells, whereas clustered cells show ill-defined ceil borders and aggregating tendency. The nuclei were eccentric, round to ovoid, and had fine chromatin pattern and multiple small nucleoli. Cellular pleomorphism or mitotic figure was not definite. These findings were consistent with cytologic features of chondrosarcoma. Final diagnosis was confirmed as myxoid chondrosarcoma by mediastinoscopic biopsy and the tumor showed strong positivity for S-100 protein.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.824-835
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was identified about oral health status and oral health needs of elderly. Moreover this study would be based further research of development of oral health in elderly. Methods : This study was undertaken to determine the oral health status and the need of oral management of over 65years elderly who were with dental prosthesis in elderly welfare center and Kyung Ro Dong in Kyung Bok and Kyung Nam. The results were as follows. Results : The sample was 200 participants. The demographical characteristic were that 74.0% of participant was female, 29.0% of participant was 75~79 years old, 42.5% of participant was under elementary, and 45.5% of participant was living alone. 43.7% of participant was pain from muscle-skeletal disease, 37.1% of participant was cardiac-vascular disease, and 31.1% of participant was ophthalmic disease. In oral health status, 54.5% of participant was partly artificial tooth and 45% of participant was whole artificial tooth. 78.0% of participant used under 10 years with partly artificial tooth and only 27.4% were satisfaction with artificial tooth. 83.5% of participant used under 10 years with whole artificial tooth and only 26.4% were satisfaction with artificial tooth. In the oral health status of partly artificial tooth, the average of toothbrush was 2 times, 42.2%. The majority method of toothbrush was 'their own freely' 55.0%. The time of toothbrush was 'after meal' 81.8%. The study result showed that majority participant didn't experience of tongue brush, regular examination, scaling, and oral health education. In the need of oral management with the whole artificial tooth, the participant who used longer artificial tooth was significantly higher about artificial irrigation and the method of management(p<.05). The need of participant who answered 'don't gum massage', was higher of xerostomia treatment(p<.01) and halitosis treatment(p<.05). In the need of oral management with the partly artificial tooth, the participant who used longer artificial tooth was significantly higher about regular examination(p<.01), oral cavity massage(p<.05), scaling(p<.05), dental caries treatment(p<.01). The need of participant who answered 'don't satisfaction with artificial tooth' was higher of regular examination and scaling(p<.05). Conclusions : Oral management needs of elderly who kept artificial tooth or denture required were regular dental examination, xerostomia management, management of artificial tooth and irrigation, and management of bad breath. This results meaned the oral health intervention program for elderly was developed regularly.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.593-605
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• 2009

Objectives : In an aging society, as the necessity of the elderly oral health care was increased, the oral health dimensions was a lot more visible important to a community public health service for the quality of life improvement. In oral health care of the elderly, the periodic scaling treatment was required to manage periodontal tissue care. Methods : So, the 319 elderly people were selected by a random sampling method, those who are visitors of 5 public health centers in the South Jeolla Province. based on the findings of personal interview questionnaires and oral health states from these elderly subjects, we made a comparative analysis of oral health states of the elderly scaling program subjects. Results : 1. Among the participants, 52.4% of the elderly benefited from scaling care project otherwise 47.6%, the subjects with periodontal diseases were 78.4%, whereas 21.6% of the ones who don't. 2. In regard to perceptions of oral cavity abnormal symptoms, findings revealed that the teeth smart sensation with something cold was 'yes' 62.7%, 'No' 37.3%, gingival bleeding was 'yes' 61.4%, 'No' 38.6%, oral odor(halitosis) was 'yes' 63.3%, 'No' 36.7%, and dried mouth was 'yes' 63.3%, 'No' 36.7%. 3. The study data showed 73.2% of periodontal disease subjects, and 24.6% of no periodontal diseases responded that they have hyperesthesia and 67.6% of periodontal diseases, 39.1% no periodontal diseases responded that they have gingival bleeding. 4. In comparison of the presence of periodontal disease with scaling service program state, it is show that the elderly scaling service program was significant statistically in Elderly's periodontal disease prevention. according to analysis, 52.4% of the subjects with and 34.8% of no periodontal diseases received the Elderly scaling service program(p<0.05). Conclusions : Therefore, oral health care of the elderly, a community public health service the periodic scaling treatment was required to manage periodontal tissue care.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.315-322
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• 2020

A 210-day experiment was conducted to examine the effects of starvation on survival, the gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and the intestinosomatic index (ISI), and histological changes in the renal tubule epithelium, midgut epithelium, and hepatocytes in Far Eastern catfish (Silurus asotus). The survival rate decreased to 92.2±0.47% in the fed group and 74.4±2.59% in the starved group during the 210-day experimental period. GSI, HSI, and ISI were lowest in the starved group (p<0.05). The hepatocyte nuclear area, hepatocyte cell area, the nuclear height of the midgut epithelium, and the nuclear height of the kidney were highest in the fed group (p<0.05). The hepatocyte nuclear area, nuclear height of the midgut epithelium, and nuclear height of the kidney were lowest in the starved group(p<0.05). The numbers of melano-macrophages (MMs) found in the kidney cells increased during starvation in this species. This suggests that thinner body cavity regions, the contraction of hepatocyte nuclear sites, and the spreading of kidney cell MMs in this species could be used as alternative indicators for identifying starvation conditions. Therefore, the results from our study provide accurate indications of the nutritional status of Far Eastern catfish.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.23-35
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• 2003

An analytical diffusion model for flood routing with backwater effects and lateral flows is developed. The basic diffusion equation is linearized about an average depth of (H + h), and is solved using the boundary conditons which take into account the effects of backwater and lateral flows. Scouring phenomenon around pier which affects on the support function of pier and the stabilization if river bed is a complex problem depending on flow properties and river bed state as well as pier geometry. therefore, there is no uniting theory at present which would enable the designer to estimate, with confidence, the depth of scour at bridge piers. The various methods used in erosion control are collectively called upstream engineering, HEC-RAS Model, underwater blasting. They consist of reforestation, check-dam construction, planting of burned-over areas, contour plowing and regulation of crop and grazing practices. Also included are measures for proper treatment of high embankments and cuts and stabilization of streambanks by planting or by revetment construction. One phase of reforestation that may be applied near a reservoir is planting of vegetation screens. Such screens, planted on the flats adjacent to the normal stream channel at the head of a reservoir, reduce the velocity of silt-laden storm inflows that inundate these areas. This stilling action causes extensive deposition to occur before the silt reaches the main cavity of the reservoir.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-160
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• 1987

Anatomical features of the renal papilla and pelvis and ultrastructures of the epithelium covering these areas in four species of mammals were studied by means of light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In terms of the morphology of mammalian kidney types distinguished by Sperber(1944), Pfeiffer(1968) and Schmidt-Nielsen(1977), the kidneys of animal species used in this experiment were; 1) the mouse kidney with the fornix between a long conical papilla and the funnel-shaped pelvis, 2) the guinea pig kidney with the peripelvic column and pelvic pouch between a short conical papilla and the funnel-shaped pelvis, 3) the dog kidney with the peripelvic column and pelvic pouch between the crest-shaped papilla and the funnel-shaped pelvis, and 4) the cattle kidney which is divided into multiple renculi with minor and major calyces and pelvis. The renal papilla was lined with the simple or pseudostratified columnar epithelium which covered the inner zone of the renal medulla. The epithelial cells with numerous short microvilli on the surface contained a few organelles. In the mouse, the fornix was lined with one to two cell-layered cuboidal epithelium which covered the outer zone of the renal medulla and a part of the cortex. The epithelial cells of the fornix with numerous short microvilli or microridges on the surface had well-developed organelles. In the guinea pig, the peripelvic column was lined with the simple cuboidal or low columnar epithelium which covered the outer zone of the renal medulla. The epithelial cells with numerous short microvilli on the surface contained well-developed organelles. The pelvic pouch was lined with the pseudostratified columnar epithelium which was composed of four kinds of cells; the secretory cell with small electron-dense granules (310 nm), the secretory cell with large granules (720 nm) showing various electron densities, the mitochondria-rich cell with a single cilium, and the basal cell. Pelves of the mouse and guinea pig, peripelvic column, pelvic pouch and pelvis of the dog, and minor and major calyces and pelvis of the cattle were lined with the transitional epithelium. The fusiform vesicles in the superficial cells of the epithelium were highly developed in the dog, relatively well developed in the mouse and guinea pig, and poorly developed in the cattle. From the above findings, it is suggested that the transport of solutes and water of the urine in the pelvic cavity can take place through the epithelia covering the renal papilla and fornix of the mouse, papilla and peripelvic column of the guinea pig, and papillae of the dog and the cattle. And specialized cell types in the epithelium of the guinea pig pelvic pouch, two kinds of secretory cells and mitochondria-rich cell with a single cilium, could have peculiar functions in the renal pelvis, respectively.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.223-233
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• 2001

The spermiogenesis of a Korean octopus, Octopus minor, inhabiting western of Korea Sea was observed by electron microscopy . The obtained results are as follows: The spermiogenesis of Octopus miner proceeds through four stages; early- , mid- , and late-spermatid, and mature sperm. An early spermatid is a spherical cell looking light due to the low electron density. The acrosome formed from Golgi complex of the upper nucleus looks dark due to the high electron density. The extra-nuclear rod (enr) stemming from proximal centriole is transformed from round shape into oval shape, elongating to the upper nucleus. In our observation, the axoneme was being formed from distal centriole, and the manchette composed of a number of microtubules is also found around nuclear membrane. In a mid-spermatid, chromatins in the nucleus contract shaping fine threads, and the manchette is also observed around nuclear membrane. Especially, the spherical acrosome is transformed into long oval one which is tinged with a number of horizontal stripes and has the middle electron density. In a late-spermatid, chromatins in the nucleus contract thick and short. Furthermore, the mitochondrial sleeve, in which the axoneme is surrounded with mitochondria, is observed at middle piece. The axoneme has a typical structure of 9+2 and around it, 9 coarse fibers are observed. Also in the acrosome cavity of mature sperm, horizontal striation is found. However, regularly spaced processes are peculiarly observed in there. A sperm is about 390 fm long, whose head is bent a little like a banana while the acrosome region is helical. In the middle piece of sperm, $11\sim12$ mitochondria are surrounding coarse fibers that reach the main piece of tail, while nothing but 9+2 structured axoneme is found in the end piece.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.275-285
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• 2001

The pulmonary alveolar macrophage is thought to play an important role in the mediation of acute inflammatory lung injury by secretory products including degraded enzymes, cytokines, and reactive oxygen metabolites . This study was conceived to understand the role of alveolar macrophage in oxidative stress induced acute lung injury. To examine the alveolar macrophages and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), time-dependent changes of numbers of alveolar macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils in alveolar cavity were counted in association with ultrastructural and cytochemical observations of lung tissue and alveolar cells. The number of monocytes was increased (p<0.001) at 1h after IL-1 treatment compared with that of sham. At 2h after instillation of IL-1, the number of alveolar macrophages was the highest, XO activity in BALF was elevated at 2h after IL-1 instillation and the activity was markedly elevated(p<0.05) at 3h after IL-1 treatment. On the basis of these experimental results, it is suggested that, during early phase of acute lung injury induced by IL-1, alveolar macrophage-derived XO contributes to lung injury earlier than the neutrophilic respiratory burst.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. Inflammation is a recognized and important factor of OA progression. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Corni Fructus water extract (CFW) on a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat model of OA. Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of MIA (50 µL; 80 mg/mL) into the knee joint cavity of rats. After an adaptation period for seven days, the rats were divided into 4 groups (n=8/group): normal, control, indomethacin-treated (5 mg/kg), and CFW-treated (200 mg/kg) groups. The rats were treated orally for 14 days. Pain was evaluated by determining hind paw weight distribution. For biochemical analyses, we measured the changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) in the knee joint. The presence of anti-oxidant proteins and inflammatory proteins was determined by western blotting. Results: The administration of CFW significantly improved the hind paw weight distribution. The ROS and ONOO^- levels of knee joint were significantly decreased in the CFW group. CFW inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators, such as COX-2, and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-1β, via the NF-κB signaling pathway. The expression of anti-oxidant enzymes, such as catalase and GPx-1/2 also increased significantly. Conclusions: The findings indicate that CFW has a therapeutic and protective effect on OA by suppression of inflammation. Therefore, CFW could represent a potential and effective candidate for OA treatment.