• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2019

Related to the previous paper on the typical crack pattern of tunnel lining with NATM, the characteristic defects in reinforced cement concrete lining of NATM tunnel have analyzed with the precise inspection with safety and diagnosis (PISD) by KISTEC. Depending on the reinforcing materials, steel rebar, steel fiber, and glass fiber have been implemented to reinforcing lining in various NATM tunnel constructions. Reinforcing lining with rebar are prevailed on NATM tunnel to countermeasure the weak geological circumstances, to pursuit the economical tunnel sections, and to resist the risk of tunnel deterioration. By the special act on the safety control of public facilities, the reinforced NATM tunnels for more than 1 km length are scrutinized closely to characterize defects; crack, reinforcement exposure, and lack of lining. Crack resistance by reinforcing is shown in comparison with the normalized crack to the length of tunnel. Typical exposed reinforcements in lining have exemplified with various sections. The lack of lining due to the mal-construction, spalling, fire, earthquake and leaching has been analyzed. The cause and mechanism with the field inspections and other studies has also been verified. Detailed cases are selected by the above concerns as well as the basic information from FMS (Facilities Management System). Likewise the previous paper, this study provides specialized defects in reinforced lining of NATM and it can be widely used in spreading the essential technics and reporting skills. Furthermore, it would be advised and amended for the detail guideline of Safety Diagnosis and PISD (tunnel).

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.147-156
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the cause, symptom, treatment of OPLL through Western medicine and Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham(東醫寶鑑) Results & conclusins 1. Ossification of the posterior hgament(OPLL) have radiculopathy, myelopathy or both of them such as neck pain, numbness, myatonia 2. Neck pain of OPLL seems to be simular with pain in the neck(頸項痛), neck stiffness(項强), stiffness and pain of head and neck(頭項彈痛). The causes were usually Dampness and Cold, Wind. The treatments were classified according to pathoigenic factor(病因) and muscle along the regular meridian(經筋) 3. Radiculopathy of OPLL seems to be similar with numbness(痺證). The causes were usually, pathogenic Wind, Cold, Dampness. The treatments were classified according to diagnosis of three kinds of BI syndrome(三痺), five kind of Bi synrome(五痺), five jang Bi(五臟痺), six Bu Bi(六腑痺) 4. Myelopathy of OPLL seems to be simular with myatonia(痿證) The cause of myatoma was Lung scorched by Heat(肺熱葉無). And the treatment was purping the south and reinforcing the north(寫南方 補北方). We considered that more study to find various and effective methods oriental medicine for OPLL should be made.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2019

Dysphagia may result from dysfunction of any of the components involved in the complex neuromuscular interaction of swallowing. Hyperfunction of any of the muscles involved in swallowing is a frequent cause of dysphagia. The cricopharyngeus muscle (CPM) is a key component of the upper esophageal sphincter. Cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction (CPD) refers to the muscle's failure to appropriately and completely relax or expand during deglutition. A variety of disease processes may cause CPD and accurate diagnosis is paramount for appropriate treatment. In appropriately selected patients, intervention at the CPM may yield significant improvement in dysphagia. Interventions include nonsurgical, pharyngoesophageal segment dilatation, botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection, and criccopharyngeal myotomy. Injections of BoNT in patients with CPD have been reported to result in marked relief of dysphagia. Different techniques for instilling BoNT into the CPM have been described. Awake, in-office CPM BoNT injection with electromyography and/or fluoroscopic or ultrasound guidance is performed transcervically or via flexible endoscopy. Operative CPM BoNT injection involves rigid laryngoscopy and esophagoscopy with direct visualization of the CPM. BoNT should be prepared in low-volume, high-concentration dilutions to minimize the potential for undesired diffusion of the toxin. The effects of BoNT occur within weeks of injection and typically last up to 5 or 6 months.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.512-516
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• 2011

Objective : Patients with asymptomatic chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) are prone to fall or slip. Acute trauma on these patients may develop acute subdural bleeding over the chronic SDH. We recently experienced 9 patients with acute-on-chronic SDH. We report the clinical and radiological features of this lesion. Methods : We retrospectively examined the computed tomographic (CT) scans of 107 consecutive patients who diagnosed as chronic SDH from January 2008 to December 2010. All cases of CSDH were diagnosed on CT with or without MRI scan. Results : Acute-on-chronic SDH is not rare, being 8% of chronic SDH. The most common cause of trauma was a slip in drunken state. Alcoholism with multiple episodes of trauma was one of the prominent histories. Acute-on-chronic SDH appeared as a hyperdense layer of clot with irregular blurred margin or lumps in liquefied hematoma. Single or two burr holes was usually effective to remove the hematoma. Conclusion : Repeated trauma may cause acute bleeding over the chronic SDH. It will be helpful to understand the role of repeated trauma as a mechanism of hematoma enlargement.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.688-692
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to report eight patients with dizziness, diagnosed as Qi-dizziness. The cause of Qi-dizziness is seven emotions(七情), and seven emotions induce liver qi depression(肝氣鬱結), spleen deficiency(肝脾不和) and dual deficiency of the heart-spleen(心脾兩虛). Guibisoyo-san($Gu\={i}p\'{\i}xi\={a}oy\'{a}o-s\`{a}n$) modified formula, which can treat the above diagnosis, was given to patients three times a day. To evaluate the therapeutic effect, visual analog scale(VAS) and inconvenience degree (ICD) were examined. After treatment, the VAS score decreased 7.37 points on average and ICD score decreased 1.62 points on average in patients with both peripheral vestibular dizziness and nonvestibular dizziness. This study shows that herbal therapy by traditional Korean medicine has considerable effects on dizziness, regardless of the etiological cause.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1141-1144
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• 2014

Background: Even though many studies have examined the possible effect of low-fat diet on breast cancer survival, the relationship remains unclear. Objectives: To summarize the current evidence about the effect of post-diagnostic low-fat diet on recurrence and all-cause mortality of breast cancer. Methods: We conducted a search of Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library and as a result two randomized controlled trials (RCT) and one large multi-center prospective cohort study with 9,966 breast cancer patients were included in this report. Results: Post-diagnostic low-fat diet reduced risk of recurrence of breast cancer by 23% (HR=0.77, 95%CI 0.63 to 0.94, P=0.009) and all cause mortality of breast cancer by 17% (HR=0.83, 95%CI 0.69 to 1.00, P=0.05). Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested the post-diagnostic low-fat diet can improve breast cancer survival by reducing risk of recurrence. However, more trials of the relationship between low-fat diet and allcause mortality of breast cancer are still needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.182-185
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• 2013

Children have a natural tendency to explore objects with their mouths; this can result in the swallowing of foreign objects. Most ingested foreign bodies pass uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract. However, some foreign bodies cause obstruction or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, requiring surgical intervention. Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract may be associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. The most common sites of intestinal foreign body perforation are the ileocecal and rectosigmoid regions. Foreign body perforation of the duodenum is relatively uncommon. We report the first Korean case of duodenal perforation by an ingested 8-cm lollipop stick. Lollipops are popular with the children and fairly accessible to them, as most parents are not aware of their potential harm. Pediatric clinicians should be aware of the risks associated with lollipop stick ingestion. Our report also describes the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic diagnosis and management of pediatric patients with peritonitis induced by the ingestion of foreign bodies.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.252-255
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• 2011

Authors report a case of a painless acute dissecting aneurysm of the descending aorta in a patient who presented with unexplained hypotension followed by simultaneous paraplegia and right arm monoparesis. To our knowledge, case like this has not been reported previously. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine revealed hemodynamic cerebral infarction and extensive cord ischemia, respectively. Computerized tomography angiography confirmed a dissecting aneurysm of the descending aorta. The cause of the brain infarction may not have been embolic, but hemodynamic one. Dissection-induced hypotension may have elicited cerebral perfusion insufficiency. The cause of cord ischemia may be embolic or hemodynamic. The dissected aorta was successfully replaced into an artificial patch graft. The arm monoparesis was improved, but the paraplegia was not improved. In rare cases of brain and/or spinal cord infarction caused by painless acute dissecting aneurysm of the aorta, accurate diagnosis is critical because careless thrombolytic therapy can result in life-threatening bleeding.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.5 s.52
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• pp.641-654
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• 1995

The purpose of this report is to present the cause and treatment of posterior open bite. Posterior open bite is the open bite limited to posterior teeth. These problem usually are attributed to a mechanical interference with the eruption process, either ankylosis or some soft tissue interference. But, in some patient, lateral open bite is due to a disturbance of the eruptive mechanism itself and other disease or side effect following other treatment. Distinguising cause of posterior open bite, lack of eruption due to some external interference with eruption or primary failure of eruption mechanism, is important clinically because this determines the prognosis for orthodontic treatments. The characteristics, differential diagnosis with posterior open bite due to other etiologies and the treatment of these problems are presented and discussed,.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.243-248
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• 2000

Carotid cavernous sinus fistula(CCSF) is an abnormal communication at the base of the skull between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Fistula is almost associated with extensive facial trauma as a result of direct or indirect forces. Most fistulas of traumatic origin develop as a result of fractures through the base of the skull, which cause the laceration of the internal carotid artery near the cavernous sinus. The signs and symptoms of CCSF are pulsating exophthalmosis, orbital headache, pain, orbital or frontal bruit, loss of visual acuity, diplopia and ophthalmoplegia. Angiography reveals a definite CCSF and a detachable balloon embolization is known to be the treatment of choice. Even though carotid cavernous sinus fistula is an uncommon complication after orthognathic surgery, several cases of CCSF due to congenital anomalies, pre-existing aneurysms and abnormally thickened maxillary posterior wall have been reported in the literature. We have experienced a case of CCSF after Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement in skeletal class III patient and the cause, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this case.