• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.347-351
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• 2020

Mastoid osteomas of the temporal bone are rare, benign, and usually asymptomatic tumors. However, depending on their size and extension, mastoid osteomas may cause facial palsy, a sensation of ear fullness, pressure-related pain, hearing loss, recurrent external ear infections, and chronic discharge. The etiology of mastoid osteomas is still unknown, but congenital, infectious, and traumatic factors have been proposed. Surgical treatment may be performed with minimal postoperative morbidity. In this article, the authors report a case of a 48-year-old woman seeking orthodontic treatment with an unusual retroauricular protruding mass, including the diagnostic process and differential diagnosis. This case supports the essential role of cone-beam computed tomography to analyze and identify the lesion as a mastoid osteoma.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2021

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a heterogeneous group of chronic, autoimmune subepithelial blistering diseases, predominantly involving oral mucosal membrane. Because of its pathophysiology of autoimmune reaction, MMP-related gingivitis would not respond to conventional periodontal treatments. We present a case of a 65-year-old female with a chief complaint of chronic generalized buccal gingivitis, unimproved after periodontal treatment for four months. Based on the clinical findings, histological examination, and direct immunofluorescence microscopy, it was diagnosed as MMP. The symptoms were relieved with immunomodulatory therapy using corticosteroids and the supportive management of professional plaque control. MMP can cause pathological involvement throughout the oral and other mucosae of the body, thus leading to functional impairment through repeated inflammatory cascades. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is essential to properly manage local and possible systemic complications of MMP.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.203-209
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• 2020

Calcific tendinitis is the leading cause of shoulder pain. Among patients with calcific tendinitis, 2.7%-20% are asymptomatic, and 35%-45% of patients whose calcific deposits are inadvertently discovered develop shoulder pain. If symptoms are present, complications such as decreased range of motion of the shoulder joint should be minimized while managing pain. Patients with acute calcific tendinitis respond well to conservative treatment and rarely require surgery. In contrast, patients with chronic calcific tendinitis often do not respond to conservative treatment and do require surgery. Clinical improvement takes time, even after surgical treatment. This review article summarizes the processes related to the diagnosis and treatment of calcific tendinitis with the aim of helping clinicians choose appropriate treatment options for their patients.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.120-123
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• 2020

The causes of tongue pain and discomfort include systemic disease, malnutrition, mental illness, fungal infection, and neuropathy. Three postmenopausal women reported burning sensations and stiffness of the tongue for various periods, from one month to four years. There were no objective etiological factors to cause the tongue pain and discomfort. Muscular tenderness upon palpation of masticatory muscles, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and tongue were observed. Physical therapy approaches such as moist hot pack, ultrasound, and myomonitor were performed on three patients with tongue pain, just as for temporomandibular joint disease. Additional botulinum toxin injection therapy was applied to one patient who displayed a clenching habit. All three patients showed a marked improvement in their tongue symptoms after the muscle relaxation and botulinum toxin injection therapy.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.103-106
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• 2020

Bone marrow failure, such as aplastic or myelophthisic anemia, can occur due to an underlying lymphoid malignancy and cause life-threatening events. A 58-year-old man diagnosed with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma had recently visited the emergency department because of an altered level of consciousness caused by acute severe anemia. The laboratory findings were strongly suggestive of bone marrow failure syndrome. Bone marrow examination was immediately performed and, subsequently, dexamethasone was initiated to control the underlying lymphoma. Intravenous immunoglobulin was also administered in combination due to combined immune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow examination revealed a packed marrow with marked fibrosis and lymphoma involvement. A diagnosis of secondary myelofibrosis related to the underlying lymphoma was made, and sequential combination chemotherapy was introduced despite the presence of severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. After combination chemotherapy, his hematologic profile and underlying lymphoma improved. Better understanding of various hematologic manifestations and knowledge of the rare condition of lymphoma are essential for appropriate diagnostic approaches and treatment.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.2904-2926
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• 2022

Currently, diabetes is the most common chronic disease in the world, affecting 23.7% of the population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Diabetes may be the cause of lower-limb amputations, kidney failure and blindness among adults. Therefore, diagnosing the disease in its early stages is essential in order to save human lives. With the revolution in technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) could play a central role in the early prediction of diabetes by employing Machine Learning (ML) technology. In this paper, we developed a diagnosis system using machine learning models for the detection of type 2 diabetes among adults, through the adoption of two different diabetes datasets: one for training and the other for the testing, to analyze and enhance the prediction accuracy. This work offers an enhanced classification accuracy as a result of employing several pre-processing methods before applying the ML models. According to the obtained results, the implemented Random Forest (RF) classifier offers the best classification accuracy with a classification score of 98.95%.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-7
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• 2014

Screening and early diagnosis of cancer is important. Screening lead to detect disease earlier, and earlier treatment of disease cause to yield a better outcome than treatment at the onset of symptoms. Some studies suggest that gastric cancer screening may be associated with a reduced risk of mortality from gastric cancer, although there are no definitive data from large controlled trials. Regular colorectal cancer screening or testing is one of the most powerful weapons for preventing colorectal cancer, because some polyps, or growths can be found and removed before they have the chance to turn into cancer. Screening can also result in finding colorectal cancer early, when it is highly curable. In conclusion, to increase utilization of screening is important to decrease gastric and colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2016

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in the world and still remains the third and fifth leading cause of cancer death in male and female, respectively. In terms of the cancer survival, the survival of gastric cancer is low in the West with showed 5-year survival rates of 10-30%, whereas the survival rates in Asia is more than 50%. The reason of the higher survival rate from gastric cancer in Asia partially related with the availability of gastric cancer screening programs, however, the population-based screening for gastric cancer has been conducted just in Korea and Japan. Therefore, more effective method for detecting the gastric cancer is needed for countries without a population-based gastric cancer screening. Endoscopy is the most effective method for diagnosis of gastric cancer however, it requires a large infrastructure including a large number of endoscopic equipment and well-trained endoscopists. To overcome these problems, several noninvasive methods (such as serologic markers, biomarkers, cancer autoantibodies, and exhaled breath analysis) for diagnosis of gastric cancer screening are suggested. This review addresses the conventional methods and the emerging methods for gastric cancer screening.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.649-663
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• 2022

The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diplopia is to diagnose various diseases that occur along the neural pathway governing eye movement. However, the lesions are frequently small and subtle and are therefore difficult to detect on MRI. This article presents representative cases of diseases that cause diplopia. The purpose of this article was to 1) describe the anatomy of the neural pathway governing eye movement, 2) recommend optimal MRI targets and protocols for the diagnosis of diseases causing diplopia, 3) correlate MRI findings with misalignment of the eyes (i.e., strabismus), and 4) help familiarize the reader with the imaging diagnosis of diplopia.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.68-80
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• 2013

Lung cancer is considered to be the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. A technique commonly used consists of analyzing sputum images for detecting lung cancer cells. However, the analysis of sputum is time consuming and requires highly trained personnel to avoid errors. The manual screening of sputum samples has to be improved by using image processing techniques. In this paper we present a Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system for early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer based on the analysis of the sputum color image with the aim to attain a high accuracy rate and to reduce the time consumed to analyze such sputum samples. In order to form general diagnostic rules, we present a framework for segmentation and extraction of sputum cells in sputum images using respectively, a Bayesian classification method followed by region detection and feature extraction techniques to determine the shape of the nuclei inside the sputum cells. The final results will be used for a (CAD) system for early detection of lung cancer. We analyzed the performance of a Bayesian classification with respect to the color space representation and quantification. Our methods were validated via a series of experimentation conducted with a data set of 100 images. Our evaluation criteria were based on sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.