Journal of Digestive Cancer Research

Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Cancer Research (대한소화기암연구학회)
권호 표지

Current Status of Gastric Cancer Screening

위암 선별검사 현황

  • Sung Eun Kim (Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine)
  • 김성은 (고신대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Received : 2016.11.30
  • Accepted : 2016.12.23
  • Published : 2016.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in the world and still remains the third and fifth leading cause of cancer death in male and female, respectively. In terms of the cancer survival, the survival of gastric cancer is low in the West with showed 5-year survival rates of 10-30%, whereas the survival rates in Asia is more than 50%. The reason of the higher survival rate from gastric cancer in Asia partially related with the availability of gastric cancer screening programs, however, the population-based screening for gastric cancer has been conducted just in Korea and Japan. Therefore, more effective method for detecting the gastric cancer is needed for countries without a population-based gastric cancer screening. Endoscopy is the most effective method for diagnosis of gastric cancer however, it requires a large infrastructure including a large number of endoscopic equipment and well-trained endoscopists. To overcome these problems, several noninvasive methods (such as serologic markers, biomarkers, cancer autoantibodies, and exhaled breath analysis) for diagnosis of gastric cancer screening are suggested. This review addresses the conventional methods and the emerging methods for gastric cancer screening.

Keywords

References

  1. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer 2015;136:E359-386.
  2. Suh YS, Yang HK. Screening and early detection of gastric cancer: East versus West. Surg Clin North Am 2015;95:1053-1066.
  3. Shim BY. Cancer screening guidelines in Korea. Korean J Med 2016;90:224-230.
  4. Choi KS, Jun JK, Suh M, et al. Effect of endoscopy screening on stage at gastric cancer diagnosis: results of the National Cancer Screening Programme in Korea. Br J Cancer 2015;112:608-612.
  5. Sugano K. Screening of gastric cancer in Asia. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2015;29:895-905.
  6. Mizoue T, Yoshimura T, Tokui N, et al. Prospective study of screening for stomach cancer in Japan. Int J Cancer 2003;106:103-107.
  7. Cho BR. Evaluation of the validity of current national health screening program and plan to improve the system. Cheongju: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2013.
  8. Choi KS, Jun JK, Park EC, et al. Performance of different gastric cancer screening methods in Korea: a population-based study. PLoS One 2012;7:e50041.
  9. Hamashima C, Okamoto M, Shabana M, et al. Sensitivity of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer by the incidence method. Int J Cancer 2013;133:653-659.
  10. Lee S, Jun JK, Suh M, et al. Gastric cancer screening uptake trends in Korea: results for the National Cancer Screening Program from 2002 to 2011: a prospective cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015;94:e533.
  11. Dinis-Ribeiro M, Areia M, de Vries AC, et al. Management of precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach (MAPS): guideline from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), European Helicobacter Study Group (EHSG), European Society of Pathology (ESP), and the Sociedade Portuguesa de Endoscopia Digestiva (SPED). Endoscopy 2012;44:74-94.
  12. Rugge M, Meggio A, Pennelli G, et al. Gastritis staging in clinical practice: the OLGA staging system. Gut 2007;56:631-636.
  13. Zhou Y, Li HY, Zhang JJ, et al. Operative link on gastritis assessment stage is an appropriate predictor of early gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016;22:3670-3678.
  14. Cho SJ, Choi IJ, Kook MC, et al. Staging of intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric cancers with the OLGA and OLGIM staging systems. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013;38:1292-1302.
  15. Yoon H, Kim N. Diagnosis and management of high risk group for gastric cancer. Gut Liver 2015;9:5-17.
  16. di Mario F, Cavallaro LG. Non-invasive tests in gastric diseases. Dig Liver Dis 2008;40:523-530.
  17. Brenner H, Rothenbacher D, Weck MN. Epidemiologic findings on serologically defined chronic atrophic gastritis strongly depend on the choice of the cutoff-value. Int J Cancer 2007;121:2782-2786.
  18. Kitahara F, Kobayashi K, Sato T, et al. Accuracy of screening for gastric cancer using serum pepsinogen concentrations. Gut 1999;44:693-697.
  19. Huang YK, Yu JC, Kang WM, et al. Significance of serum pepsinogens as a biomarker for gastric cancer and atrophic gastritis screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015;10:e0142080.
  20. Kikuchi S, Kato M, Katsuyama T, et al. Design and planned analyses of an ongoing randomized trial assessing the preventive effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on occurrence of new gastric carcinomas after endoscopic resection. Helicobacter 2006;11:147-151.
  21. Kang JM, Kim N, Yoo JY, et al. The role of serum pepsinogen and gastrin test for the detection of gastric cancer in Korea. Helicobacter 2008;13:146-156.
  22. Pasechnikov V, Chukov S, Fedorov E, et al. Gastric cancer: prevention, screening and early diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:13842-13862.
  23. Yoshida T, Kato J, Inoue I, et al. Cancer development based on chronic active gastritis and resulting gastric atrophy as assessed by serum levels of pepsinogen and Helicobacter pylori antibody titer. Int J Cancer 2014;134:1445-1457.
  24. Yamaguchi Y, Nagata Y, Hiratsuka R, et al. Gastric cancer screening by combined assay for serum anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody and serum pepsinogen levels - - the ABC method. Digestion 2016;93:13-18.
  25. Agreus L, Kuipers EJ, Kupcinskas L, et al. Rationale in diagnosis and screening of atrophic gastritis with stomach-specific plasma biomarkers. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012;47:136-147.
  26. Pasechnikov VD, Chukov SZ, Kotelevets SM, et al. Invasive and non-invasive diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori-associated atrophic gastritis: a comparative study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005;40:297-301.
  27. Peterson AJ, Menheniott TR, O'Connor L, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection promotes methylation and silencing of trefoil factor 2, leading to gastric tumor development in mice and humans. Gastroenterology 2010;139:2005-2017.
  28. Kaise M, Miwa J, Fujimoto A, et al. Influence of Helicobacter pylori status and eradication on the serum levels of trefoil factors and pepsinogen test: serum trefoil factor 3 is a stable biomarker. Gastric Cancer 2013;16:329-337.
  29. Aikou S, Ohmoto Y, Gunji T, et al. Tests for serum levels of trefoil factor family proteins can improve gastric cancer screening. Gastroenterology 2011;141:837-845 e1-7.
  30. Kaise M, Miwa J, Tashiro J, et al. The combination of serum trefoil factor 3 and pepsinogen testing is a valid non-endoscopic biomarker for predicting the presence of gastric cancer: a new marker for gastric cancer risk. J Gastroenterol 2011;46:736-745.
  31. Ren J, Chen Z, Juan SJ, et al. Detection of circulating gastric carcinoma-associated antigen MG7-Ag in human sera using an established single determinant immuno-polymerase chain reaction technique. Cancer 2000;88:280-285.
  32. Zeng Z, Fu S, Hu P, et al. The diagnostic value of monoclonal gastric cancer 7 antigen: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2014;14:337-343.
  33. Zayakin P, Ancans G, Silina K, et al. Tumor-associated autoantibody signature for the early detection of gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2013;132:137-147.
  34. Huang Y, Shen XJ, Zou Q, et al. Biological functions of microRNAs: a review. J Physiol Biochem 2011;67:129-139.
  35. Tsujiura M, Ichikawa D, Komatsu S, et al. Circulating microRNAs in plasma of patients with gastric cancers. Br J Cancer 2010;102:1174-1179.
  36. Hou CG, Luo XY, Li G. Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum microRNA-206 in patients with gastric cancer. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016;39:1512-1520.
  37. Qiu X, Zhang J, Shi W, et al. Circulating microRNA-26a in plasma and its potential diagnostic value in gastric cancer. PLoS One 2016;11:e0151345.
  38. Peng G, Hakim M, Broza YY, et al. Detection of lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers from exhaled breath using a single array of nanosensors. Br J Cancer 2010;103:542-551.
  39. Amal H, Leja M, Funka K, et al. Detection of precancerous gastric lesions and gastric cancer through exhaled breath. Gut 2016;65:400-407.
  40. Amal H, Leja M, Broza YY, et al. Geographical variation in the exhaled volatile organic compounds. J Breath Res 2013;7:047102.