• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.225-266
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• 1997

A Causal Transition Model of the IT impact on organization is proposed. The model is based upon the premise that the IT impact is a multi-phase, multi-realm phenomenon, and that the IT impact in one organizational realm logically transpires to another realm, thus forming complex causal webs among them. Two exploratory research studies, the one qualitative and the other quantitative, were conductea to validate the model in a setting involving major structural reorganization of the organizations' IT function. The research results provide support for the general theory structure of the model. The findings include: ⅰ) the IT impact manifests on multiple organizational realms, with different degrees of strength, ⅱ) the impact on the realms follow a particular causal transition path among them, and ⅲ) the IT impact manifests on and through the information processing aspect of work. The results, however, indicate that people's perception of the IT impact is strongly mitigated by the IT relevance of work, and that the organization is affected as much by the structural arrangement surrounding and accompanying the IT as by the technology itself, suggesting that the IT impact is an organizational phenomenon as well as a technological phenomenon. The implications of the research results are discussed at the end.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.13-33
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• 2006

Using structural equation modeling, this study empirically examined the causal relationships among the level of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT), facilitation of alignment, the degree of strategic alignment of management eccounting Information systems (MAIS), and the improvement of production performance. The causal relationships between MAIS strategic alignment and information characteristics of MAIS were also investigated. The results showed that the level of AMT has a significant and positive impact on alignment facilitation. A significant causal relationship between alignment facilitation and MAIS strategic alignment was also found. It was shown that under high degrees of MAIS strategic alignment, MAIS must provide broad-scope and integrated types of Information. The causal relation-ships between MAIS strategic alignment and organizational performance were significant and positive. Thus, it is concluded that under high levels of AMT, a high degree of MAIS strategic alignment positively contributes to the improvement of production performance.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.9-18
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• 2022

With the outbreak of COVID-19, the world is in unexpected chaos. In particular, the Korean economy, which has a large number of self-employed people, is experiencing enormous damage from COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causal impact of start-ups and closures by industry due to the COVID-19 outbreak. For the causal impact analysis, we collected and analyzed 8,312,224 cases of start-up and closure of 190 businesses that occurred on the local administrative license data public site for 11 years from 2010 to 2020. As a result of the analysis of the causal impact of COVID-19, there were 29 industries in which start-ups increased(increase rate 313.14% ~ 6.39%), 23 industries in which start-ups decreased(decrease rate 70.62% ~ 11.27%), 21 industries in which closures increased(increase rate 157.55% ~ 13.57%), and 18 industries in which business closures decreased(reduction rate 49.45% ~ 12.91%). The industries in which start-ups increased and closures decreased due to the COVID-19 outbreak were disinfection, food transportation, and general sales of health functional food. The industries in where start-ups decreased and closures increased due to the COVID-19 outbreak were youth game providing industry, danran pub business, and general game providing industry. It is expected that the results of this study will help practitioners who manage various infectious diseases to understand the causal impact of infectious disease outbreaks and to prepare countermeasures.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.69-91
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• 2002

This paper presents an analysis of the impact of the causal looping method to the Korean middle managers' decision-making processes. The sample included the observations of decisions made by 70 groups with 5 to 7 members each. The results showed that the causal looping method was a strong device to help Korean managers followed value-focused decision processes, as opposite to alternative-focuses ones. The lessons from this study suggest a direction for the development of the education method to improve group decision-making processes.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.3-31
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• 2023

Dissemination of information can enhance smallholder farmers' agricultural outcomes and incomes in developing countries. However, the impact evaluation for new information can be inaccurate without considering pre-existing information that the indigenous people have used. This study explores qualitative causal links between existing agricultural information used by Lao smallholder farmers on rice yield and selling price with 180 household data. We categorized the pre-existing information into weather, farming technique, input, intermediate trader, and sales price. The source of each piece of information is used as an instrumental variable to overcome the endogeneity issue between information use and agricultural outcomes. Using farming technique information positively affects rice yields by 57.1% compared to those without that information. Moreover, intermediate trader and crop sales information result in 64.5% and 60.0% higher selling prices than non-user groups. A statistically significant causal relationship exists with agricultural outcomes. The more genuine impact should be measured with a newly updated impact evaluation approach that considers this pre-existing agricultural information.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.365-376
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• 2022

This study aims to look into the causal relationships between corporate social responsibility and firm value, corporate social responsibility and institutional ownership, and firm value and institutional ownership. This study develops a triangle model of causal relationships among the three endogenous variables. Samples for this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2018. The model is operated in the system of simultaneous equation models using the generalized method of moments technique to estimate parameter coefficients. After controlling the effects of trade-off/balancing capital structure and managerial ownership, the research findings show a positive causal relationship between CSR and firm value and firm value and institutional ownership. Institutional ownership has a positive effect on CSR, while the effect of CSR on institutional ownership is negative in the firms without managerial ownership and positive in the firms with managerial ownership. This study finds that the causal relationship between CSR and firm value is stronger after the trade-off/balancing of capital structure is included in the model. Capital structure has a convex effect on firm value and positively impacts institutional ownership. In addition, an independent commissioner has a negative impact on CSR but has no direct impact on firm value.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.29-37
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• 2023

Human lifestyle is affected by the agricultural development in the last 12,000 years ago. The development of agriculture is one of the reasons that global population surged. To ensure sufficient food production for supporting human life, pesticides as a more effective and economical tools, are extensively used to enhance the yield quality and boost crop production. This study investigated the factors that affect crop production and whether the factors of pesticide usage are the most important factors in crop production using the dataset from Kaggle that provides information based on crops harvested by various farmers. Logistic regression is used to investigate the relationship between various factors and crop production. However, the logistic regression is unable to deal with predictors that are related to each other and identifying the greatest impact factor. Therefore, causal discovery is applied to address the above limitations. The result of causal discovery showed that crop condition is greatly impacted by the estimated insects count, where estimated insects count is affected by the factors of pesticide usage. This study enhances our understanding of the influence of pesticide usage on crop production and contributes to the progress of agricultural practices.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.125-149
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• 2009

Many studies have been conducted to find the causal factors that influence salesforce performance and turnover behavior. This study focuses on the turnover intention of salesperson. Specifically this study argues that the causal relationship among job performance, job stress and turnover intention will be mediated by job conflict of salesperson. We develop the hypotheses from the conceptual framework and empirically test them for the salespersons of lifetime insurance companies. Based on the previous studies and conceptual framework developed in this study, we derive 8 hypotheses. <Figure 1> shows the conceptual framework from which hypotheses are derived. Hypotheses for the empirical test are as follows: H1: Job performance will have negative impact on the turnover intention. H2: Job performance will have negative impact on the job conflict. H3: Job stress will have the positive relationship with the turnover intention. H4: Job stress will have the positive relationship with the job conflict. H5: Job conflict will have the positive relationship with the turnover intention. H6: The negative impact of job performance on the job conflict will be moderated by job education/training. H7: The positive impact of job stress on the job conflict will be moderated by job training. H8: The positive impact of job conflict on the turnover intention will be moderated by the switching costs. To test the 8 hypotheses, we estimate the level of fitness and parameters of structure equation model by using AMOS 5.0. <Table 1> shows the results of empirical tests for hypotheses. <Table 2> shows the moderating effect of job training. <Table 3> shows the moderating effect of switching costs. This empirical study finds interesting results. The job training has the moderating effect on the causal relationship between job performance and job conflict. But it is found that the job training has not the moderating effect on the causal relationship between job performance and job conflict. These results may be due to the fact that Korean insurance company mainly focuses on training of the job skill and knowledge, not motivational elation of salesforce.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2024

Metaverse is attracting attention as the development of virtual environment technology and the emergence of untact culture due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, by analyzing users' reviews on the "Zepeto" application, which has recently attracted attention as a metaverse service, we tried to confirm changes in the requirements for the metaverse after the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, 109,662 reviews of "Zepeto" applications written on the Google Play Store from September 2018 to March 2023 were collected, topics were extracted using LDA topic modeling technique, and topics were analyzed using the Causal Impact technique to examine how topics changed before and after based on "March 11, 2020" when the COVID-19 pandemic was declared. As a result of the analysis, five topics were extracted: application functional problems (topic1), security problems (topic 2), complaints about cryptocurrency (Zem) in the application (topic 3), application performance (topic 4), and personal information-related problems (topic 5). Among them, it was confirmed that security problems (topic 2) were most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.12A no.1 s.91
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• pp.23-30
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• 2005

Causal order of message delivery algorithm ensures that every transmitted message is delivered in causal order. It should be noted that control information should be transmitted with each message in order to enforce causal order. Hence, it is important to reduce this communication overhead because the impact of the overhead increases proportionally with the number of related processes. In this paper we propose and evaluate effective a ${\Delta}-causal$ order algorithm for multimedia data which have real-time property. To reduce transmission overhead, proposed algorithm eliminates redundant information as early as possible which is not explicitly required for preserving causal order. Average communication overhead of our algorithm is much smaller than other existing algorithms.