• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.325-336
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• 2017

In this study to identify a causal relationship between daily stress, ego-resilience and the quality of life of the elderly in long-term care facility, a causal relationship model was set up and path analysis was performed. The data collected from 380 elderly users in private long-term care facilities in Greater Seoul Metropolitan area were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 to analyze the correlation between daily stress, ego-resilience, and the quality of life of the elderly. The results of this study are as follows; First, daily stress of the elderly showed a negative (-) direct effect on the quality of life. Second, the ego-resilience of the elderly had a positive (+) direct effect on the quality of life. Third, daily stress of the elderly showed a positive (+) direct effect on ego-resilience. Fourth, daily stress of the elderly showed indirect effect and partial mediating effect on the quality of life through ego-resilience. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of life of the elderly, it is necessary to develop programs and institutional support to reduce daily stress and increase ego-resilience.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.583-615
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• 2019

This paper investigates the level of decoupling between greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth in Korea. Despite previous studies mainly stressed the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve, the lack of investigations in the level of decoupling constraints further policy suggestions. This study analyzes the level of decoupling in the short- and long-term, focusing on short-term volatility of GHG emissions income elasticity. In the long run, there is no decoupling in Korea because a robust causal relationship exists between GHGs, GDP, and fossil fuels. However, the short-term volatility is clearly identified under the long-term equilibrium(coupling), indicating there is the relative decoupling in the short run. The results show that fossil fuel dependence is a significant factor that increases short-term volatility(decoupling) and breaks the causal link(coupling) between GHGs and GDP.

• Healthcare Informatics Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.346-358
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• 2018

Objectives: The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and mortality or serious cardiovascular events over a long period of time is not clearly understood. The aim of this observational study was to estimate the clinical effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on an outcome variable combining mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and cerebrovascular insult (CVI) during a follow-up period of 15.5 years ($186{\pm}58$ months). Methods: The data set consisted of 978 patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ${\geq}5.0$. One-third had used CPAP treatment. For the first time, a data-driven causal Bayesian network (DDBN) and a hypothesis-driven causal Bayesian network (HDBN) were used to investigate the effectiveness of CPAP. Results: In the DDBN, coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and diuretic use were directly associated with the outcome variable. Sleep apnea parameters and CPAP treatment had no direct association with the outcome variable. In the HDBN, CPAP treatment showed an average improvement of 5.3 percentage points in the outcome. The greatest improvement was seen in patients aged ${\leq}55$ years. The effect of CPAP treatment was weaker in older patients (>55 years) and in patients with CHD. In CHF patients, CPAP treatment was associated with an increased risk of mortality, AMI, or CVI. Conclusions: The effectiveness of CPAP is modest in younger patients. Long-term effectiveness is limited in older patients and in patients with heart disease (CHD or CHF).

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.553-563
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• 2021

Customer value has long been believed to be a direct trigger for increased tourist satisfaction, but as a mediating variable, it still needs to be proven further. This paper aims to examine the causal relationship between research variables, as well as to examine the role of customer value as a mediating variable in the relationship between service quality, brand quality, tourism products, customer value, and tourist satisfaction with tourists' objects. The population is tourists who visit tourist sites/destinations in the Gianyar Regency on the island of Bali, Indonesia, and the sample size is 270 respondents, selected through random sampling. Structural equation modeling (SEM), a multivariate statistical analysis technique, is used to analyze the causal relationships between variables. The results show that the model is accepted, and customer value is proven to be a positive mediating variable. The results also show that service quality, brand quality, and tourism products have an effect on customer value. This provides insight into the practical implications for tourism managers to increase the brand quality of tourist attractions as well as increase the professionalism and quality of tour guide services. This, in turn, will increase customer value and increase tourist satisfaction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.33-33
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• 2022

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a widely studied domesticated model plant. Seed awning is an unfavorable trait during rice harvesting and processing. Hence, awn was one of the target characters selected during domestication. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying awn development in rice are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the genes for awn development using a mapping population derived from a cross between the Korean indica cultivar 'Milyang23' and NIL4/9 (derived from a cross between 'Hwaseong' and O. minuta). Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs), qAwn4 and qAwn9 were mapped on chromosome 4 and 9, respectively, increased awn length in an additive manner. Through comparative sequencing analyses parental lines, LABA1 was determined as the causal gene underlying qAwn4. qAwn9 was mapped to a 199-kb physical region between markers RM24663 and RM24679. Within this interval, 27 annotated genes were identified, and five genes, including a basic leucine zipper transcription factor 76 (OsbZIP76), were considered candidate genes for qAwn9 based on their functional annotations and sequence variations. Haplotype analysis using the candidate genes revealed tropical japonica specific sequence variants in the qAwn9 region, which partly explains the non-detection of qAwn9 in previous studies that used progenies from interspecific crosses. This provides further evidence that OsbZIP76 is possibly a causal gene for qAwn9. The O. minuta qAwn9 allele was identified as a major QTL associated with awn development in rice, providing an important molecular target for basic genetic research and domestication studies. Our results lay the foundation for further cloning of the awn gene underlying qAwn9.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.494-502
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the casual relationship between the factors in the Pender's model and to explain health promoting behaviors among middle-aged women in order to facilitate nursing interventions for this population group. Method: 116 women between 40$\~$60 years old living in Incheon were asked to complete a questionnaire about their health. The data was collected between March and November, 2003. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and the correctional analysis SPSSWIN 11.5 program. The LISREL 8.12 program was used to find the best fit model which explained a causal relationship of the variables. Results: The climacteric symptoms of middle-aged women negatively correlated with health promoting behaviors. However, marital satisfaction positively correlated with health promoting behaviors. Conclusion: Marital satisfaction and climacteric symptoms had an effect on health promoting behaviors. Therefore, based on this study, we plan to develop a health education program to decrease climacteric symptoms and to promote marital satisfaction for health promotion.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.187-201
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• 2014

This research attempts to see the phenomenon that how job satisfaction formulate through the analysis of structural relationships between the degrees of authenticity, self-concept, self-efficacy and organizational goals and objects. The survey collected questionnaires of the authentic leadership, self-efficacy and job satisfaction. 152 numbers of samples are collected for survey to observe empirical relationships, causal and correlation, for elucidating respected structural equation model. Structural equation modeling was carried out to explore the relationship of authentic leadership, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction. The mediation model posits that self-efficacy mediate the linkage between authentic leadership and job satisfaction. The result of this research indicates the positive impact of authenticity may not affect job satisfaction. As much leader authenticity affects positive impact to self-efficacy which is individual identity, the leader should invest them to foster the authenticity. In other words, authentic leadership on job satisfaction of subordinates is not directly affected. In order to increase job satisfaction of subordinates, leaders should be focused to raise self-efficacy.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.213-227
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• 2017

The recent entry into information society as well as the development and universalization of the Internet through rapid development of ICT technology produced a new educational method called PMP learning. PMP learning overcomes restrictions of previous education methods in terms of time and space and allows the learners to customize their learning environments according to their leads, providing voluntary education that centers on the learners. This study aims to verify the causal relationship in academic achievement of PMP learners through the theory of basic psychological desire, learning satisfaction, and learning metastasis. In order to accomplish this, a study model which applies perceived autonomy, perceived competence, and perceived relationship, which are major variables of the theory of basic psychological desire, was presented. For practical verification of the study model, survey analysis was conducted for students of R High School in Hamyang. Through this, the study aims to provide basic materials for improving the academic achievement of learners in PMP learning. It also plans to suggest educational effects that can be obtained by supporting intrinsic motivation of learners.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-51
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to analyze nutrients dynamics depending on biomass of Menyanthes trifoliata L., the endangered species, in a small closed-type wetland. In order to understand dynamics between Menyanthes trifoliata L. and eutrophication, causal loops and stock-flow diagram were constructed. The result of the model simulation was matched well with monitoring data (Menyanthes trifoliata L. biomass, TN, TP, DO). The model was simulated with 3 scenarios. In case of scenario 1, the initial value of biomass was 0mg/L, and the eutrophic state period was 77 days. In case of scenario 2, the initial value of biomass was 35.8 mg/L, and the eutrophic state lasted for 13 days. In case of scenario 3, the initial value of biomass was 71.6 mg/L, and the eutrophic state was nonexistent. The scenario 3 was selected as planting plan of Menyanthes trifoliata L. Through this study, planting design with an endangered plant was developed to control eutrophication in small closed-type wetland.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.135-163
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze the feedback loops and policy simulation of price fluctuation of Korean Cattle. The Korean Cattle market shows the 'Cycle of Beef' since 1970. In general, the market for agricultural commodities exhibit repeated cycles of prices and production. Why Beef products market in Korea shows the fluctuation of cattle and beef price repeatedly for forty years? To find an answer, this paper explores the feedback structure of the dynamics of the beef market by the systems thinking and build a stock-flow diagram model for the simulation of future behavior of the market sector of the Cattle. The dynamic simulation model was developed to identify and analyze the cyclical behavior among many variables, which is the number of cattle (calves, cow, etc.), the price of cattle, the demand for beef, the desirable number of cattle, slaughter, etc. The results of this study demonstrate that dominant feedback loops between the number of cattle and livestock prices. The demand for Beef and slaughter with time delay, also the results of the simulation to explain the persistence of future price fluctuations and actions meat market until 2025.