• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.371-378
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• 1996

Three and 2 strains of E coli O157 were isolated from fecal materials of cattle (390) and pigs (420) in Korea, respectively. One strain of O157:H7 isolated from cattle and 2 strains of O157:H7 isolated from pigs were identified as verotoxin-1 (VT-1) produing strains and 2 strains (O157:H7 and O157:H-) isolated from cattle were identified as verotoxin-2 (VT-2) producing strains by neutralization test on HeLa and Vero cells. Culture supernatants of the isolates were cytotoxic to HeLa and Vero cells. The levels of cytotoxin produced by isolates were $10^2{\sim}10^4$ cytotoxic dose($CD_{50}$)/ml. Also, VT-2-converting bacteriophage was isolated from KSC109 strain which had been isolated from cattle. Molecular weight of the phage DNA was determined as approximately 45 Kb in 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis, and morphology of the phage stained with phosphotungstic acid was observed by transmissible electron microscopy.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1994

The present study was undertaken to obtain the basic knowledge on the distribution of intestinal microflora and characterization of Bifidobacterium isolated from the intestine of cattle, pigs, chicken and dogs. Bacteroidaceae and Streptococcus were isolated from the feces of cattle as predominant organisms, and Bifidobacterium was in counts of $8.65{\pm}0.21$ log 10 organisms. Bacteroidaceae, Eubacterium and Peptococcaceae counts on the feces of pigs were particularly high, but Bifidobacterium did not isolated. In hens and dogs, the counts of Bifidobacterium were $7.60{\pm}0.71$ and $8.15{\pm}2.04$ log 10 organism, respectively. Isolated 7 Bifidobacterial strains were identified respectively to B. thermophilum from cattle, B. pullorum and B. animalis from pigs, and B. longum, B. adolescentis and B. pseudolongum from dogs by their carbohydrate fermentation ability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1866-1872
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of the present experiment was to construct self-draining beds to keep surface bedding materials clean and dry for beef cattle comfort in a temperate climate. Methods: In Experiment 1, a self-draining bed was covered with sand at depths of 10 cm (S-10a), 15 cm (S-15), and 20 cm (S-20) respectively. In Experiment 2, self-draining beds of different sizes were covered with 10 cm of sand (S-10b) and wood shavings (WS) at depths of 15 cm and 20 cm (WS-15 and WS-20). Fifteen cattle were engaged to evaluate the comfort of self-draining beds covered with different bedding materials. Results: No cattle lay in the feed alley and cattle spent more time lying on S-10a than S-15 or S-20 in Experiment 1 (p<0.01). No difference in lying time was detected between S-15 and S-20 (p>0.05). In Experiment 2, no cattle selected the feed alley as the lying area. Cattle preferred WS-15 as the lying area and time spent lying on WS-20 was slightly higher than on S-10b (p<0.05). Feces weight was higher in the feed alley than in the different bedding areas in both Experiments 1 and 2 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Sand-bedding depth at 10 cm and WSs at 15 cm above the self-draining bed can provide for the lying comfort of beef cattle. Design of a special feed alley to hold most of the feces to keep bedding materials clean and dry is desirable for organic beef cattle in a loose barn.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 1992

사질 뽕밭의 생산성 향상을 위하여 복합 영농 및 축산업 농가에서 생산된 가축 분뇨를 사용하여 사질 뽕밭의 토양 화학성 및 수엽량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 가축 분뇨를 3년간 사용한 결과 우분, 돈분, 계분 공히 토양 화학성이 개량되었으며, 계분 8t/10a 상당량을 사용하였을 경우 유기물함량이 1.3% 증가되었으며, 우분 15t/10a 상당량을 사용하였을 경우에는 0.9% 증가하였다. 2. 3년간의 춘기 평균 수엽량은 화학시료만을 사용한 것에 비하여 가축 분뉴만 사용한 경우 및 가축분뇨 및 화학시료를 같이 사용할 경우 차가 없었으며, 추기 평균 수엽량은 돈분과 화학시료를 같이 사용한 경우에서 증수되었으며 연간 평균 수엽량의 경우에는 돈분만 사용한 경우와 계분만 사용한 수엽량이 많이 증가되었다. 3. 뽕잎의 탄수화물 함량은 춘, 추기 다같이 화학시료만을 사용한 것에 비하여 가축 분뇨만을 사용하거나, 가축 분뇨와 화학시료를 같이 사용한 경우 공히 많았다.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.245-248
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• 1977

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize bacteriocin-producing bacteria against Clostridium perfringens from domestic animals to determine their usefulness as probiotics. The feces of cattle and chicken were used as sources to isolate bacteriocin-producing bacteria using the spot-on-lawn method. In total, 900 bacterial stains were isolated from domestic animal feces, and 19 strains were finally selected after determining the inhibitory activity against the pathogenic indicator C. perfringens KCTC 3269. Eighteen strains of Bacillus subtilis and one strain of Brevibacillus parabrevis were identified by 16s rRNA sequencing. Most of the bacterial strains isolated were resistant to 0.5% bile salts and remained viable after 2 h at pH 3.0. Additionally, some B. subtilis strains showed strong inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes. We isolated and screened B. subtilis strains CB 153 and CB 189 from cattle and B. subtilis MSC 156 and B. parabrevis MSC 164 from chickens using probiotic selection criteria such as inhibition activity against C. perfringens and tolerance to acid and bile salts. The isolated bacteriocin-producing bacteria and/or bacteriocin have the potential to be used as probiotics in the livestock industry.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.417-420
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• 2009

Neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in dairy cattle worldwide. Dog is the definitive host for N. caninum and can infect dairy cattle. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Neospora oocysts in feces of dogs from dairy farms. A total of 174 fecal samples was collected from 89 farm dogs and 85 household dogs during 2006 and 2008. Fecal samples of dogs were microscopically examined for detecting Hammondia Neospora-like oocysts (HNLO) by Mini $Parasep^{(R)}SF$ fecal parasite concentrator. HNLO were microscopically detected in 4 fecal samples (2.2%). The fecal samples with HNLO were examined by N. caninum-specific PCR. Two of the samples were positive for N. caninum. The 2 positive fecal samples were selected for inoculation to calves. Two inoculated calves were seronegative by ELISA for 4 months post-infection. This is the first report of finding N. caninum DNA in feces of farm dogs in Mashhad area, Iran.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2012

본 연구는 국내 서식하는 아메리카동애등애(BSF)의 생태특성 구명 및 가축분뇨를 이용한 BSF의 실내 인공사육을 통하여 가축분뇨나 음식물쓰레기 처리 시 대량으로 요구되는 유충생산을 위하여 실내 인공증식기술 개발하고 BSF의 가축분뇨 분해 능력을 검정하였다. BSF는 축사를 중심으로 하는 즉 유기성 폐기물이 야적되어 있는 장소의 생태계 내에서 서식한다는 것을 확인하였으며, 축사, 퇴비사, 생활쓰레기장, 음식물쓰레기장 주변이 주 서식지임을 확인하였다. 가축분뇨 분해 우수 종은 BSF(Hermetia illucens), 동에등에(Ptecticus tenebrifer) 등 2종으로 확인되었다. 가축분뇨에 따른 BSF의 분해능은 BSF 유충 마리당 돈분 0.5 g, 우분 0.43 g, 계분 0.3 g순으로 돈분이 가장 우수하였다. 가축분뇨별 BSF 유충의 분해에 따른 무게는 우분 83.62, 돈분 77, 계분 80%로 우분이 분해 후 무게 감소가 가장 컸다. 가축분뇨 분해에 따른 BSF 유충 및 번데기 형질은 돈분이나 돈분 +왕겨를 혼합하여 처리했을 때 유충이나 번데기의 길이, 무게 폭이 다른 처리구에 비해 좋았다. BSF 실내 대량증식에 있어서 용화율 및 우화율에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 교미 산란에 있어서 중요한 요소인 광조건 변화에 의한 계절적 교미율의 차이를 보였다. 계절에 따른 BSF의 교미율을 보면 5월에서 7월까지 교미가 활발하게 이루어 졌으며, 시간대는 오전 10시부터 12시까지 가장 활발하게 교미를 하였다. 인공채란을 위한 산란배지는 음식물과 송아지 사료가 가장 우수하였고, 산란실($W{\times}D{\times}H=4{\times}2{\times}2m$) 내 적정 배지투입 수는 8개, 성충은 2000두 투입구가 가장 산란효율이 높았다. 산란유도재료로 플라워폼과 목재에 구멍을 뚫어 산란을 유도하였으며, 산란장소의 구멍크기는 3~5 mm, 깊이 7~10 mm의 크기를 가장 선호하였다. 유충은 2~4두/$cm^2$의 밀도로 사육하는 것이 과밀도(6~10두/$cm^2$) 보다 실용형질이 우수하였다. 번데기 적정보호조건은 매질(톱밥)을 사용하여 은신처를 제공해야하며, 톱밥의 습도는 20~40%가 가장 좋았다. 성충은 우화 즉시 사용해야하나, 용화 후 10에서 10일 처리한 경우 우화율 93.3%로 우화시기를 약 10일 정도 조절이 가능하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.99-105
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• 1994

홀스타인 젖소의 분변에서 우세균종으로 분리되는 동정불능 Clostridium균주에 대해 당분해 성상검사, 생화학적 성상검사, G+C mol% 측정, 유사 균종과의 DNA-DNA hybridiazation 등을 조사한 결과, 기존의 clostridium균종과는 성상이 일치하지 않는 새로운 신균종(New Species)임이 처음으로 밝혀져, 이 균주를 Clostridium bovis로 분류, 명명하였다. 이 C. bovis는 그램 양성, 운동성의 편성 혐기성 아포형성 간균이었으며, 당분해 성상은 arabinose, xylose, glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, trehalose, melibiose, raffinose, inulin, salicin을 분해하였다. Gas chromatography를 사용하여 PYFG broth로부티의 최종대사산물(End products)를 측정한 결과, 다량의 butyric, lactic acid와 소량의 acetic, succinic acid를 생산하였다. C. bovis의 Type strain은 Catt $66^T$이며, G+C mol%는 26 mol%이 었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.157-161
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• 1986

Samples of feces from 1,080 cattle in Chonnam area were examined for Buxtonella sulcata, Of these, 231 cattle (21.4%) were found to be infected with the ciliate. The incidence was higher in the dairy cattle than in the beef cattle. The cysts of the ciliate are almost spherical or sub-spherical and the mean length of $79.58{\pm}11.76{\mu}m$ corresponds quite closely with the mean width of $77.29{\pm}11.41{\mu}m$. The trophozoite is characterized by the position of the cytostome near the open cytopyge and by the curved groove running down from cytostome to the end of the body. Macronuclei of the cyst and trophozoite were only stained green by MFS solution.