• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1351-1358
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• 2009

Parentage tests using polymorphic DNA marker are commonly performed to avoid incorrect recording of the parental information of livestock animals, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are becoming the method of choice. In Japanese Black cattle, parentage tests based on the exclusion method using microsatellite markers are currently conducted; however, an alternative SNP system aimed at parentage tests has recently been developed. In the present study, two types of simulations were conducted using the pedigree data of two subpopulations in the breed (subpopulations of Hyogo and Shimane prefectures) in order to examine the effect of actual genetic and breeding structures. The first simulation (simulation 1) investigated the usefulness of SNPs for excluding a close relative of the true sire; the second one (simulation 2) investigated the accuracy of sire identification tests for multiple full-sib putative sires by a combined method of exclusion and paternity assignment based on the LOD score. The success rates of excluding a single fullsib and sire of the true sires were, respectively, 0.9915 and 0.9852 in Hyogo and 0.9848 and 0.9852 in Shimane, when 50 SNPs with minor allele frequency (MAF: q) of 0.25${\leq}$q${\leq}$0.35 were used in simulation 1. The success rates of sire identification tests based solely on the exclusion method were relatively low in simulation 2. However, assuming that 50 SNPs with MAF of 0.25${\leq}$q${\leq}$0.35 or 0.45${\leq}$q${\leq}$0.5 were available, the total success rates including achievements due to paternity assignment were, respectively, 0.9430 and 0.9681 in Hyogo and 0.8999 and 0.9399 for Shimane, even when each true sire was assumed to compete with 50 full-sibs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2007

The objective of the study was to compare ranking of Sahiwal bulls selected on the basis of highest lactation milk yield of their dams with their estimated breeding values (EBVs) using an animal model. Data on 23,761 lactation milk yield records of 5,936 cows from five main Livestock Experiment Stations in Punjab province of Pakistan (1964-2004) were used for the study. At present the young A.I bulls are required to be from A-category bull-dams. Dams were categorized as A, B, C and D if they had highest lactation milk yield of ${\geq}$2,700, 2,250-2,699, 1,800-2,249 and <1,800 litres, respectively. The EBVs for lactation milk yield were estimated for all the animals using an individual animal model having fixed effect of herd-year and season of calving and random effect of animal. Fixed effect of parity and random effect of permanent environment were incorporated when multiple lactation were used. There were 396 young bulls used for semen collection and A.I during 1973-2004. However, progeny with lactation yields recorded, were available only for 91 bulls and dams could be traced for only 63 bulls. Overall lactation milk yield averaged 1,440.8 kg. Milk yield was 10% heritable with repeatability of 39%. Ranking bulls on highest lactation milk yield of their dams, the in-vogue criteria of selecting bulls, had a rank correlation of 0.167 (p<0.190) with ranking based on EBVs from animal model analysis. Bulls' EBVs for all lactations had rank correlation of 0.716 (p<0.001) with EBVs based on first lactation milk yield and 0.766 (p<0.001) with average EBVs of dam and sire (pedigree index). Ranking of bulls on highest lactation yield of their dams has no association with their ranking based on animal model evaluation. Young Sahiwal bulls should be selected on the basis of pedigree index instead of highest lactation yield of dams. This can help improve the genetic potential of the breed accruing to conservation and development efforts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1660-1665
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• 2011

This study presents a linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis and effective population size ($N_e$) for the entire Hanwoo Korean cattle genome, which is the first LD map and effective population size estimate ever calculated for this breed. A panel of 4,525 markers was used in the final LD analysis. The pairwise $r^2$ statistic of SNPs up to 50 Mb apart across the genome was estimated. A mean value of $r^2$ = 0.23 was observed in pairwise distances of <25 kb and dropped to 0.1 at 40 to 60 kb, which is similar to the average intermarker distance used in this study. The proportion of SNPs in useful LD ($r^2{\geq}0.25$) was 20% for the distance of 10 and 20 kb between SNPs. Analyses of past effective population size estimates based on direct estimates of recombination rates from SNP data demonstrated that a decline in effective population size to $N_e$ = 98.1 occurred up to three generations ago.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2008

We separately cultured follicular oocytes collected from individual ovaries of slaughtered Korean native cows and examined both the embryonic development rate and pregnancy rate after embryo transplantation according to the meat yield and quality grades of the source beef carcass. Oocytes from meat yield grade B cows exhibited a higher fertilization rate and embryonic developmental rate to the eight-cell stage than oocytes from grade A or C animals (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in rate of development to the blastocyst stage among meat yield grades A, Band C. The oocyte cleavage rate and development rate to the eight-cell stage from meat quality grade 3 cattle was higher than grades 1++, 1+, 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Embryos derived from grade animals displayed a development rate to the blastocyst stage of 19.4%, which was also higher than all other meat quality grades (p<0.05). Transplantation of in vitro-cultured oocytes from meat yield grade A ovaries led to a higher pregnancy rate (64.2%) than in vitro-cultured oocytes from meat yield grade B ovaries (56.5%), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in pregnancy or abortion rates. In conclusion, embryonic development rate and pregnancy rate has a close relation to meat quality grades of the source beef carcass, this results is to give information for the Korean native cows improvement of breed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.639-643
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• 2003

The data on 283 Sahiwal cows, sired by 16 bulls, maintained at Cattle Breeding Farm of Nagpur Veterinary College and Dairy Farm of Agricultural College, Nagpur, were considered for the estimation of genetic parameters. Variance and covariance estimates of first lactation traits were obtained using restricted maximum likelihood technique (REML). When first lactation milk yield (FLMY), first lactation length (FLL) and average daily yield (ADY) traits were considered for REML analysis, the heritabilities were $0.184{\pm}0.146$, $0.132{\pm}0.131$ and $0.141{\pm}0.133$, respectively. While, genetic and phenotypic correlations between them were medium to high except phenotypic correlations between FLL and ADY (-0.025). REML procedure considering FLMY, age at first calving (AFC) and first service period (FSP) combination exhibits heritabilities as $0.274{\pm}0.173$, $0.506{\pm}0.233$ and $0.274{\pm}0.172$, respectively. Genetic correlations were $-0.120{\pm}0.376$, $0.225{\pm}0.423$ and $0.365{\pm}0.331$ between FLMY and AFC, FLMY and FSP, AFC and FSP, respectively. Phenotypic correlations were 0.057, 0.289 and 0.123, respectively. Considering all five traits REML combination heritabilities estimated were $0.238{\pm}0.162$, $0.160{\pm}0.139$, $0.136{\pm}0.132$, $0.409{\pm}0.209$ and $0.259{\pm}0.168$ for FLMY, FLL, ADY, AFC and FSP, respectively. The genetic correlations were positive except FLMY and AFC. The phenotypic correlations were also positive except FLL and ADY, ADY and FSP. Almost all estimates were associated with high standard error.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.318-323
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• 1997

In order to assess the effect of solar exposure on pulmonary functions and evaporative losses from skin and pulmonary surfaces, in six healthy Sahiwal (S) and six Sahiwal ${\times}$ Holstein ($S{\times}H$) cattle were exposed to direct sun during summer. Breed differences were observed during exposure. Increase in sweating rate was higher in crossbreds (222%) than in Sahiwal (125%). Pre-exposure (ambient temperature, $32.6{\pm}0.85^\circ}C$, solar radiation, $0.9cal\;cm^{-2}min^{-1}$) evaporative loss from skin accounted for about 90% of the losses and remaining losses were contributed by pulmonary surfaces in Sahiwal. The contribution of evaporation through skin increased to 92% (ambient temperature $39.4{\pm}0.68^\circ}C$, solar radiation, $1.35cal\;cm^{-2}min^{-1}$). In crossbreds 80% of the evaporative losses were through skin before exposure which increased to 87% after exposure to solar radiations. Rectal temperature increase was higher in crossbreds ($1.5^{\circ}C$) than in Sahiwal ($0.8^{\circ}C$). With the increase in pulmonary evaporative losses, respiratory frequency increased to 2 fold in Sahiwal and pulmonary ventilation increased 1.6 times the resting value in Sahiwal due to solar exposure. In $S{\times}H$ crossbreds the respiratory frequency increased 3.5 times and pulmonary ventilation increased only to 1.8 times due to decrease in tidal volume. There was about 2 fold increase in alveolar ventilation in both the breeds, the increase in dead space ventilation was more in crossbreds than in Sahiwal. Behavioral symptoms exhibited by animals after exposure were profuse salivation, open mouth panting, tongue protrusion and general restlessness.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1791-1797
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• 2007

A study was conducted with 70 Hanwoo (Korean cattle) for genotyping bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3.2 gene by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence based typing (SBT). Two-step PCR was carried out for amplifying a 284 bp fragment of the target gene and the PCR products were digested with three restriction enzymes namely RsaI, BstYI and HaeIII. Seventeen alleles were detected with frequencies ranging from 1.43 to 18.57% and one (x'aa) of these alleles was identified as a new allele that has not been reported before. The frequency of the new x'aa allele identified in this breed was 12.86%. In addition, the seven most frequently observed alleles (DRB3.2 *10, *15, *16, *26, *27, *54 and x'aa) accounted for 74.28% of the alleles in this population. The phylogenetic tree showed that the BoLA-DRB3.2 allele sequences of Hanwoo were shared with other Bos taurus breeds and no specific clade for Hanwoo was identified. It indicates high heterogeneity of the BoLA-DRB3 gene in this population and may give some ideas for breeding animals having better disease resistance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.525-530
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was i) to identify the characteristics of carcass traits in Chikso by gender, region, age at slaughter, and coat color using the carcass data collected from the nationwide pedigree information and coat color investigation, and ii) to estimate genetic parameters for breed improvement. Methods: A linear model was used to analyze the environmental effects on the carcass traits and to estimate genetic parameters. Analysis of variance was performed using TYPE III sum of squares for the unbalanced data provided by the general linear model procedure. Variance components for genetic parameters was estimated using REMLF90 of the BLUPF90 family programs. Results: Phenotypic performance of carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), and backfat thickness (BF) in Chikso were lower than those of Hanwoo. This is a natural outcome because Hanwoo have undergone significant efforts for improvement at the national level, a phenomenon not observed in Chikso. Another factor influencing the above outcome was the smaller population size of Chikso compared to that of Hanwoo's. The heritabilities of CW, EMA, BF, and marbling score in Chikso were estimated as 0.50, 0.37, 0.35, and 0.53, respectively, which were was higher than those of Hanwoo. Conclusion: Based on the genetic parameters that were estimated in this study, it is expected that the carcass traits will improve when the livestock research institutes at each province conduct small-scale performance tests and the semen is provided to farmers after selecting proven bulls using the state-of-art selection technique such as genomic selection.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.539-543
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• 2013

Male cattle calves (n=24), 9-12 months age, with an average body weight of 120 {\pm} 20 kg were fed total mixed rations (TMR) for 120 days to determine their growth performance. Animals were divided into four groups (six of each breed): Crossbred (Friesian${\times}$Sahiwal), Dhanni, Lohani, and Cholistani. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance techniques under a completely randomized design. The average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE), and dressing percentage ranged from 639-892 g/d, 0.105-0.155 kg/kg, and 51.2-51.5%, respectively, in the different breeds. The ADG and FE did not differ between the Crossbred, Dhanni, and Lohani breeds, but these values were lower in Cholistani calves (P<0.05). The dressing percentage was similar in all breeds. The highest increase in body height was observed in Dhanni calves, but heart girth was obviously higher in Lohani calves. The feed cost per kg gain was higher for Cholistani calves but similar among Crossbred, Dhanni, and Lohani calves (P>0.05). In conclusion, Dhanni, Lohani, and Crossbred calves possess the promising potential for beef production under the rainfed (Barani) conditions of the Punjab.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2004

A dairy farm that has been suffered continuously(more than 2 years) from brucellosis in Korea in spite of repeated legal test-and-slaughter was investigated the main source of infection in the farm. All cattle(22 milking cows, 44 heifers, 60 calves, 8 bull), dogs(3 mixed breed), feces from wild birds(3 samples), drinking water(3 sites), and soil in the paddocks(14 sites) inside the farm were examined with serological and/or bacteriological methods including specific DNA detection with PCR method. Brucella spp in the milk and blood were detected in 12/22 and 5/22 milking cows, respectively, although all of them were negative with conventional tube agglutination test. The number of serologically positive heifer was 15(15/44), but the isolation of Brucella spp was succeeded in the only 11(11/15) of them. Brucella were detected in vagina 1(1/11) and nasal(3/12) excretion in serologically positive heifers. All the three dogs were serologically positive, and Brucella spp were isolated from their blood. However, Brucella spp were not detected in the drinking water, soil in the paddocks, nor the feces of wild birds. The results suggest that milking cow secrete Brucella spp through milk, genital tract and nasal cavity, which are the major source of infection in this farm, The main infection route of Brucella spp is contact to contact with Brucella spp excreting animals rather than environmental contamination. The animals, living together with infected cow such as dogs, are the readily susceptible and are required to be examined for Brucella spp.