• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 1991

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of cattle compost application on the change of soil physical properties and their relationship to yield performance of selected main forage crops. Maize(CV. Suweon 19) and sorghum hybrids(CV. Pioneer 9'31) as a summer crops and winter rye were grown on newly reclaimed red yellow soils(Fine loamy, Typic Hapludults) under different application rate of cattle compost associated with chemical NPK fertilization, from Oct. 1986 to Sept. 1989. Experimental field was laid down as a split plots design with four replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Cattle compost application reclaimed soil physical propeties, such as formation of granular structure and water holding capacity, and it result in a great increase of plant growth and the rate of dry matter accumulation. 2. While cattle compost treatment reduced the portion of soild phase of the three phase constituents of soils, it increased the portion of air phase and liquid phase comparatively. 3. Organic matter, N, P, K, and mineral content in soil were markedly increased in the plot treated with compost. 4. Cattle compost application increased fodder production both in maize-rye and sorghum hybrids-rye cultivation. Annual dry matter yield of maize-rye cropping was 2183(NI'K only), 2425(NPK+compvst 3000 kg) and 2800kg/lOa(NPK + compost 6000kg/10a).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.565-568
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• 2014

Ticks and tick-borne diseases are important in human and livestock health worldwide. In November 2012, ixodid ticks were collected and identified morphologically from cattle and wild animals in the Maswa district and Iringa urban, Tanzania. Amblyomma gemma, A. lepidum, and A. variegatum were identified from Maswa cattle, and A. variegatum was the predominant species. A. marmoreum, Hyalomma impeltatum, and Rhipicephalus pulchellus were identified from Iringa cattle in addition to the above 3 Amblyomma species, and A. gemma was the most abundant species. Total 4 Amblyomma and 6 Rhipicephalus species were identified from wild animals of the 2 areas. A. lepidum was predominant in Maswa buffaloes, whereas A. gemma was predominant in Iringa buffaloes. Overall, A. variegatum in cattle was predominant in the Maswa district and A. gemma was predominant in Iringa, Tanzania.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 1991

In order to develop an effective methods of electroacupuncture regional analgesia for Cattle, six adult Korean-native cattle, which were healthy and had ordinary perception response, were examined on the study. Using them, there were treated with six different prescription applying on six mendian points including Samyang Rack, Keud Mun, Bu Yang, Sameum Kyo, Backhyo and Hu Hae. The results are summerized as follows. 1 In the case of the acupuncture treatment on Samyang Rack and Keuk Mun located on both fore-legs. the good effect of regional analgesia was obtained toward the anterior part of cattle; on the other hand, when treated with Bu Yang and Sameum Kyo at both hindlegs. the same result were represented toward the posterior part. 2. The level of the electronic current of each electro-acupuncture treatment for bovine regional analgesia was proved to necessitated the same amount of which had given body general electro-acupuncture analgesia. 3. Any significant changes could not find out the hematological and biochemical values of all acupuncture-treated cattle during the experiment. 4. Each elector-acupuncture prescription appeared to be considerably effective for bovine regional analgesia, and also showed the possibility on applying the standing position of cattle for various surgical treatment regardless its operation areas.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

Cryposporidium species have a wide host range. These coccidian parasites are found in close association with epithelial cells of many species of animals including mm. The gastrointestinal tract is most commonly affected in young ruminants and this parasite is thought to be considerable importance in calf diarrhea complex. Major outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have been reported in calves, lambs, pigs and others including avian species. Cryptosporidiosis is transmitted by oocysts of Cryptosporidium species. Because cryptosporidiosis is common infection among animals, early literature considered it a zoonosis. Human infections contracted from calves, cats, and horse feces. However, the resrvoir host is longer considered the major source of infection. Mild cases of disease have been reported in farm workers. Immunosuppressed, very young and very old persons should avoid contact with this parasite because it may cause severe diarrhea. In order to detect of Crytosporidium sp infection from feces of cattle and pigs at Chonbuk Iksan and Kunsan area, sedimentation and modified acid fast stain were applied. The positive rate of Cryptosporidium sp infection from 1, 176 of cattle and 267 of pigs were 0.5 % and 16.8%, respectively. According to area in Iksan and Kunsan, the positive rates were 0.4% and 0.9% from cattle, and 18.9% and 12.1% from pigs, respectively. In cattle, positive detection rate was 0.6% in milking cows but not in Korean cattle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

To examine the prevalence and type of lesions in urinary bladder of Korean cattle, a random sampling survey was performed at a Jeonju abattoir in September 2000 and January 2001. Collected urinary bladder were examined grossly and histopathologically and the patterns of disease were investigated with season and sex. Of 735 cattle(99 bulls and 246 cows in September and 141 bulls, 3 steers, and 246 cows in January) surveyed, $26.3\%$ cattle with evident lesions were found. The most common gross finding was urolithiasis of urinary bladder($23.8\%$). Other lesions included hemorrhage($5.9\%$), congestion($4.1\%$), hematuria($2.7\%$), pyuria($0.7\%$), hyperplasia($0.5\%$). Urinary calculi collected in this study contained 80 to $90\%$ of calcium oxalate and 10 to $20\%$ of struvite, with or without $20\%$ of cystine and $10\%$ of uric acid. This study on urolithiasis and pathology of urinary bladder of slaughtered Korean cattle revealed subclinical aspects and management problem in Korean beef product.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.337-348
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• 1996

The proportion of leukocyte subpopulation in the host is of a great importance in understanding their functions and disease progress. Many methods have been developed to seperate leukocytes and to measure their activities. Characterization of immune cell subpopulations in Korean native cattle was performed using a set of monoclonal antibodies specific which are specific to bovine leukocyte differentiation antigen. Peripheral blood leukocytes from fifty Korean native and ten Holstein cattle were collected and analyzed for the investigation of leukocyte subpopulation by using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. The result indicated that Korean native cattle have significantly higher proportion of leukocyte subpopulations expressing MHC class II molecules and BoCD4 than Holstein cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 1995

Validity of use of a Y-maze for determining a foraging strategy of cattle was investigated with the object of establishing a procedure of testing foraging strategies of large herbivores. Cattle were placed in a start box of a Y-maze, forced into either goal arm and allowed to consume half of the feed at the end of the arm. Then, cattle were returned to the start box and allowed to choose either arm in the second half of a trial. This time animals were allowed to deplete the feed in the goal arm they chose. A return to the previous arm was recorded a "stay" Choice of the other arm was recorded as a "shift". Shift strategy was not observed. Rather, their behavior appeared either random or stay. However, it might have been caused by inappropriateness of the application of the apparatus and/or the procedure used in the study of foraging behavior of rats. Although the existence of lateral preference was suggested, further study with an elaborated procedure will be necessary to investigate foraging strategies of cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.358-363
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• 2005

Five crossbred beef cattle (Simmental${\times}$yellow cattle, Shantung Province) fitted with permanent cannulae in the rumen and T-type cannulae at the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum, were fed five different diets containing corn, cotton meal or soybean meal and ammoniated straw to determine the dry matter, crude protein and amino acid flows in duodenal and ileum digesta, and to calculate the regression equations between theoretical and experimental concentration of AA in duodenal digesta. The results showed that there was a strong correlation between experimental (g/d, y) and theoretical CP flows (g/d, x) at the proximal duodenum, the $R^2$-value regression equation of crude protein is very high (0.9636). The $R^2$-value regression equation of the limiting amino acid (such as Met or Lys) is high (0.7573 or 0.9252 respectively). This results indicated that we can formulate better diets fed to beef cattle according to the theoretical amino acid concentration. A mathematical model has been successfully constructed for predicting the supply of absorbed amino acids at the proximal duodenum in growing beef cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2012

In the present study, we evaluated the informativeness of SNPs genotyped by the Illumina Bovine SNP50K assay in different cattle breeds. To investigate these on a genome-wide scale, we considered 52,678 SNPs spanning the whole autosomal and X chromosomes in cattle. Our study samples consists of six different cattle breeds. Across the breeds approximately 72 and 6% SNPs were found polymorphic and fixed or close to fix in all the breeds, respectively. The variations in the average minor allele frequency (MAF) were significantly different between the breeds studied. The level of average MAF observed in Hanwoo was significantly lower than the other breeds. Hanwoo breed also displayed the lowest number of polymorphic SNPs across all the chromosomes. More importantly, this study indicated that the Bovine SNP50K assay will have reduced power for genome-wide association studies in Hanwoo as compared to other cattle breeds. Overall, the Bovine SNP50K assay described in this study offer a useful genotyping platform for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in the cattle breeds. The assay data represent a vast and generally untapped resource to assist the investigation of the complex production traits and the development of marker-assisted selection programs.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.91-98
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• 2016

Outbreaks of highly contagious livestock diseases can cause direct and indirect economic impacts such as lower productivity of cattle farms, fall in tourism in damaged areas and countries, and decline in exports. They also incur tremendous social costs associated with disease elimination and restoration work. Thus, it is essential to prevent livestock diseases through monitoring and prediction efforts. Currently, however, it is still difficult to provide accurate predictive information regarding occurrences of livestock diseases, because existing cattle health monitoring or forecasting systems are only limited to monitor environmental conditions of livestock barns and check activities of cattle by using a pedometer or thermal image. In this paper, we present a biosensor-based cattle health monitoring system capable of collecting bio-signals of farm animals in an effective way. For the presented monitoring system, we design an integrated monitoring device consisting of a sensing module to measure bio-signals of cattle such as the heartbeat, the breath rate and the momentum, as well as a Zigbee module designed to transmit the biometric data based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). We verify the validity of the monitoring system by the comparison of the correlations of designed device with a commercial ECG equipment through analyzing the R-peak of measured signals.