• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 소의 목 넘김 소리를 이용하여 소의 사료 섭취량을 측정할 수 있도록 하는 방법을 제안하였다. 목 넘김 소리를 측정하기 위해 소의 목에 부착한 웨어러블 장치를 통해 녹음을 하게 되는데, 목장 사육환경에 따라 많은 소음이 함께 녹음되어진다. 이처럼 백색 잡음(white noise)이 섞여 들어간 원시 사운드 데이터를 스펙트럼화 하고, 필터를 이용한 신호 변환을 통하여 백색 잡음을 제거할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 이를 통해 사료 섭취량을 측정할 수 있도록 하였다. 제안된 백색 소음 제거 방법을 통하여 소의 목 넘김 소리만을 추출하는 것이 가능하였고, 이를 통하여 소의 목 넘김 횟수 측정이 가능하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 방법을 통하여 손쉽게 소의 사료섭취량을 측정할 수 있게 됨으로써 발정기 예측, 건강관리, 그리고 사료 관리 등이 효율적으로 이루어질 수 있게 되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of polished rice (PR) vs unpolished rice (UPR) as a potential feedstuff for sheep in order to use as a replacer to corn in sheep diet, and as well as to present the application in the formulation of cattle diet. Six corriedale ewe were randomly assigned to each treatment. UPR and PR were provided as a dietary treatment together with timothy grass as a basal diet in a crossover design for two period with 15-d duration for each period. The ratio of experimental and basal feeds were 33.3% and 66.7%, respectively. The differences in the total digestible nutrient (TDN) contents between sheep and cattle was determined according to the references. The number of data collected sheep and cattle was 9 and 17, respectively. The PR showed higher nutrients digestibility than UPR. Similarly, higher TDN content was observed PR than UPR (p < 0.05). As a result, the replacement of corn in the formulate feed with UPR and PR feed rice could be possible with the ratio of 91.2% and 100.0%, respectively. The result of comparation the TDN contents of UPR and PR in sheep and cattle, the PR has no difference in the nutritive value which suggests the applicability of the results of sheep to cattle. On the other hand, UPR has known to have different nutritive value between sheep and cattle, so caution should be taken when preparing formula feeds for cattle.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1439-1450
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• 2021

Objective: With the rapid development of proteomics sequencing and RNA sequencing technology, multi-omics analysis has become a current research hotspot. Our previous study indicated that Xinjiang brown cattle have better meat quality than Kazakh cattle. In this study, Xinjiang brown cattle and Kazakh cattle were used as the research objects. Methods: Proteome sequencing and RNA sequencing technology were used to analyze the proteome and transcriptome of the longissimus dorsi muscle of the two breeds of adult steers (n = 3). Results: In this project, 22,677 transcripts and 1,874 proteins were identified through quantitative analysis of the transcriptome and proteome. By comparing the identified transcriptome and proteome, we found that 1,737 genes were identified at both the transcriptome and proteome levels. The results of the study revealed 12 differentially expressed genes and proteins: troponin I1, crystallin alpha B, cysteine, and glycine rich protein 3, phosphotriesterase-related, myosin-binding protein H, glutathione s-transferase mu 3, myosin light chain 3, nidogen 2, dihydropyrimidinase like 2, glutamate-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, receptor accessory protein 5, and aspartoacylase. We performed functional enrichment of these differentially expressed genes and proteins. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes results showed that these differentially expressed genes and proteins are enriched in the fatty acid degradation and histidine metabolism signaling pathways. We performed parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) verification of the differentially expressed proteins, and the PRM results were consistent with the sequencing results. Conclusion: Our study provided and identified the differentially expressed genes and proteins. In addition, identifying functional genes and proteins with important breeding value will provide genetic resources and technical support for the breeding and industrialization of new genetically modified beef cattle breeds.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.519-534
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• 2023

Rumination in cattle is closely related to their health, which makes the automatic monitoring of rumination an important part of smart pasture operations. However, manual monitoring of cattle rumination is laborious and wearable sensors are often harmful to animals. Thus, we propose a computer vision-based method to automatically identify multi-object cattle rumination, and to calculate the rumination time and number of chews for each cow. The heads of the cattle in the video were initially tracked with a multi-object tracking algorithm, which combined the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm with the kernelized correlation filter (KCF). Images of the head of each cow were saved at a fixed size, and numbered. Then, a rumination recognition algorithm was constructed with parameters obtained using the frame difference method, and rumination time and number of chews were calculated. The rumination recognition algorithm was used to analyze the head image of each cow to automatically detect multi-object cattle rumination. To verify the feasibility of this method, the algorithm was tested on multi-object cattle rumination videos, and the results were compared with the results produced by human observation. The experimental results showed that the average error in rumination time was 5.902% and the average error in the number of chews was 8.126%. The rumination identification and calculation of rumination information only need to be performed by computers automatically with no manual intervention. It could provide a new contactless rumination identification method for multi-cattle, which provided technical support for smart pasture.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.461-470
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and whole-genome selection signatures of Luxi cattle to reveal its genomic characteristics in terms of meat and carcass traits, skeletal muscle development, body size, and other traits. Methods: To further analyze the genomic characteristics of Luxi cattle, this study sequenced the whole-genome of 16 individuals from the core conservation farm in Shandong region, and collected 174 published genomes of cattle for conjoint analysis. Furthermore, three different statistics (pi, F_st, and XP-EHH) were used to detect potential positive selection signatures related to selection in Luxi cattle. Moreover, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed to reveal the potential biological function of candidate genes harbored in selected regions. Results: The results showed that Luxi cattle had high genomic diversity and low inbreeding levels. Using three complementary methods (pi, F_st, and XP-EHH) to detect the signatures of selection in the Luxi cattle genome, there were 2,941, 2,221 and 1,304 potentially selected genes identified, respectively. Furthermore, there were 45 genes annotated in common overlapping genomic regions covered 0.723 Mb, including PLAG1 zinc finger (PLAG1), dedicator of cytokinesis 3 (DOCK3), ephrin A2 (EFNA2), DAZ associated protein 1 (DAZAP1), Ral GTPase activating protein catalytic subunit alpha 1 (RALGAPA1), mediator complex subunit 13 (MED13), and decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2), most of which were enriched in pathways related to muscle growth and differentiation and immunity. Conclusion: In this study, we provided a series of genes associated with important economic traits were found in positive selection regions, and a scientific basis for the scientific conservation and genetic improvement of Luxi cattle.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1972

A survey of piroplasma infections, and trials of therapy of dairy cattle imported from Canada were conducted. The studies were carried out by hematological and clinical examinations, from May to September, 1970. The result obtained were summarized as follows: 1. A considerable damages due to Babesia and Theileria infections of dairy cattle were observed in several dairy farms where Pamaquine and Quinuroneum sulphate treatment was applied. 2. The infection was more commonly found in farms where Korean native cattle was raised previously. 3. The dairy cattle raised on pasture which is lightly infected with ticks were mostly infected with Theileria. The infected cattle were easily recovered after treatment with Pamaquine. 4. Leukocytosis and the left shift of neutrophils were observed in the cattle showing mixed infection with Babesia and Theileria.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.401-409
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• 1992

Genotype $\times$ environment (G $\times$ E) interactions must be understood if they are to be exploited to improve animal production, particularly in production systems associated with large environmental variations. The measurement and evaluation of G $\times$ E are discussed. Examples are presented that demonstrate G $\times$ E in different breeds of beef cattle for high temperatures, internal and external parasites and changes in quantity and quality of nutrition. It is demonstrated that productivity differences between genotypes or breeds under grazing conditions arise because of differences between genotypes in the combination of production potential and resistance to environmental stresses in relation to the levels of the relevant environmental stresses that are operating at the time. The $F_1$ cross between genotypes with high production potential (e.g. European Bos Taurus breeds) and those with high resistance to environmental stress (e.g. Asian and African Bos indicus and sanga breeds) is an exceptional genotype with a unique combination of these two sets of attributes. The principles for G $\times$ E developed for beef cattle are briefly discussed in relation to dairy cattle, pigs, poultry and buffalo.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.757-766
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• 2014

Postnatal muscle hypertrophy of beef cattle is the result of enhanced myofibrillar protein synthesis and reduced protein turnover. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy has been studied in cattle fed ${\beta}$-adrenergic agonists (${\beta}$-AA), which are receptor-mediated enhancers of protein synthesis and inhibitors of protein degradation. Feeding ${\beta}$-AA to beef cattle increases longissimus muscle cross-sectional area 6% to 40% compared to non-treated cattle. The ${\beta}$-AA have been reported to improve live animal performance, including average daily gain, feed efficiency, hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage. Treatment with ${\beta}$-AA increased mRNA concentration of the ${\beta}_2$ or ${\beta}_1$-adrenergic receptor and myosin heavy chain IIX in bovine skeletal muscle tissue. This review will examine the effects of skeletal muscle and adipose development with ${\beta}$-AA, and will interpret how the use of ${\beta}$-AA affects performance, body composition, and growth in beef cattle.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2017

Fatty acid profiles in relation to meat quality traits and sensory palatability of grain-fed and grass-fed beef from Hanwoo, American, and Australian crossbred cattle were examined in this study. There were significant (p<0.001) differences in fat content and fatty acid compositions between grain-fed and grass-fed beef. Grain-fed Hanwoo had significantly (p<0.001) lower saturated fatty acid (SFA) proportion but higher monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) proportion compared to grass-fed cattle. The proportion of oleic acid in grain-fed Hanwoo was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that in grass-fed Hanwoo, Australian crossbred, or American crossbred cattle. Grain-fed Hanwoo had significantly (p<0.001) lower percentages of drip loss and cooking loss compared to other cattle. Overall palatability panel scores of grain-fed cattle were significantly (p<0.001) higher than those of grass-fed cattle. Consequently, sensory overall palatability was negatively correlated with proportions of SFA and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), but positively correlated with the proportion of MUFA. In particular, the proportion of oleic acid was strongly and positively correlated with fat content (r=0.91, p<0.001) and overall palatability (r=0.92, p<0.001). These results implied that high-concentrate grain-fed could increase intramuscular fat (IMF) content and the proportion of oleic acid, thus increasing the sensory palatability of Hanwoo beef.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.189-198
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• 1996

The survey was performed to provied details about the pattern of bovine brucellosis occurred in Kyunggi province area. The results obtained through the investigations were summarized as follows. Five hundred seventy - three cattle of bovine brucella reactor were occurred in 14 districts among 31 districts in Kyunggi province in 1989-1995. Among them, 370 cattle(64.5% ) were bred in Eastern area(Ichon, Yeju, Kwangju) and 153 cattle(26.7% ) in Southern area(Yongin, Ansung, Peungtack) And the number of farms occurred by bovine brucellosis was 110 ones. When we investigated the occurrance frequency for the 110 farms, the ratio of farms which was brocken out just one time was 67.3a and more than twice was 32.7%. In 573 cattle, 271 cattle were reoccurred in farms which had broken out the bovine brucellosis more than one time. And this survey said the interval of reoccurrance was like this ; within a month 50.2%, within two month 19.2%, within four month 7.4%, within six month 7.4%, within an year 15.1%, within 2 year 7.0%. Brucella abortus was isolated from 38 cattle of the 61 ones cattles, and in type all isolated belong to biotype 1.