• 인지과학
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.233-257
• /
• 2014

범주기반 귀납추론은 인간이 사용하는 주요한 추론방법중 하나이다. 본 연구는 지각된 범주내 변산성이 범주기반 귀납적 일반화에 미치는 효과를 검증하기 위해 실시되었다. 실험 1에서는 범주 예시를 직접 제시하여 범주 변산성 지각을 조작하였다. 조건에 따라 범주내 변산성이 낮은 예시들 (낮은 변산 조건) 혹은 높은 예시들 (높은 변산 조건)을 범주의 예로 제시한 후, 해당 범주에 대한 귀납적 일반화 과제를 실시하였다. 그 결과 지각된 범주 변산성이 낮은 조건이 지각된 변산성이 높은 조건보다 귀납적 일반화에 대한 확신이 더 높다는 것을 확인하였다. 실험 2에서는 범주의 예시를 직접 제시하지 않고, 다양한 예시들 중 특정 범주에 속하는 예들을 참가자들이 변별하는 범주화 과제를 실시함으로써 범주 변산성을 지각하도록 한 후, 귀납추론 과제를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 실험 1과 마찬가지로 지각된 범주 변산성이 낮은 조건이 높은 조건보다 귀납적 일반화에 대한 확신이 더 강해지는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 기존 연구에서 보여준 다양성 효과와 차이점을 보이며 또한 Osherson과 동료들 (1990)이 제안한 귀납추론 모형으로는 설명하기 어렵다. 종합논의에서 범주기반 귀납추론에서 지각된 변산성 효과의 검증에 대해 간략히 논의하였다.

• 지식경영연구
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.173-193
• /
• 2019

Reward-based crowdfunding is a funding platform that allows funds to be raised to early operators who have lack of funds, and is seen as an outstanding infrastructure that is going to lead the fourth industrial revolution in that it is a field of realization of new technologies and creative ideas by start-ups. Reward-based crowdfunding has grown in line with the trend of the fourth industrial revolution, and funding success cases are taking place in various industries that culture/art to technology/IT, including as a new means of knowledge management in a rapidly changing industrial environment. The study focused on the fact that consumer's donation purposes may also vary depending on the category of projects classified as reward-based crowdfunding. Because consumer payment decisions and motivation of consumer purchasing behavior are classified according to the purpose of purchase, the previous papers that the goal gradient effect that the main motivation of consumer donation for reward-based crowdfunding introduced vary depending on project category of utilitarian and hedonic. In this study, consumer's daily donation data is collected by Indiegogo which is a leading reward-based crowdfunding company using web-crawling and the model was defined as propensity score matching (PSM) and random effect model. The results showed that the goal gradient effect occurred in utilitarian project category, but no goal gradient effect for the hedonic project category. Furthermore, this paper developed the study of motivation of consumer donation and contributes theoretical foundation by the results consumer donation may vary depending on the project category; also, this paper has implications for an effective marketing strategy depending on the project category leaves real meaning to the projector.

• 경영과학
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.15-33
• /
• 2017

This paper considers a Bayesian Network analysis for understanding the heterogeneous cross-category effects of different promotion activities and developing an efficient overall promotion strategy for a large retail store. More specifically we differentiate price reduction promotion and floor promotion and study their heterogeneous effect on consumer purchase behavior under a market basket setting. We then utilize Bayesian networks in identifying complex association structure in market basket dataset by analyzing the effects of different promotional activities and also include the effects of time, family income and size. We find from our Bayesian network analysis that the dominant cross-category promotion effect of price promotion is the indirect effect whereas the dominant cross-category promotion effect of floor promotion is the direct effect. Also, among the demographic variables we find that family size of the household is linked with more product categories compared to income and see that there are differences in the extent of the effects by product category. Finally, we also show the existence of products acting as a network hub and how they can be utilized by retailers faced with a limited marketing budget and suggest a more efficient promotion strategy.

• 인지과학
• /
• 제11권3_4호
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 2000

이 연구는 지식유형에 따른 표상 차이를 확인하기 위해서 범주지식과 각본지식의 위계성과 전형성에 대한 점화효과를 측정하였다. 실험 1에서는 상위개념을 점화단어로 제시하고 하위개념을 목표단어로 제시한 다움 목표단어의 어휘판단시간을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 범주지식은 전형단어가 비전형단어보다 반응시간이 빨랐지만, 각본지식은 두 조건간의 차이가 없었다. 실험 2에서는 하위개념을 점화단어로 제시하고 상위개념을 목표단어로 제시한 다음 목표단어의 어위판단시간을 측정하였다. 범주지식이 각본지식보다 반응시간이 빨랐으며, 두 지식 모두 전형성 효과는 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 범주지식은 전형성에 따른 위계구조를 구성하지만 각본지식은 범주지식에 비해서 위계성과 전형성이 약회된 구조로 표상될 가능성을 시사하는 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권11호
• /
• pp.1781-1794
• /
• 2018

Objective: This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the overall effect of direct-fed microbial (DFM) or probiotic supplementation on the log concentrations of culturable gut microbiota in broiler chickens. Methods: Relevant studies were collected from PubMed, SCOPUS, Poultry Science Journal, and Google Scholar. The studies included controlled trials using DFM supplementation in broiler chickens and reporting log concentrations of the culturable gut microbiota. The overall effect of DFM supplementation was determined using standardized mean difference (SMD) with a random-effects model. Subgroups were analyzed to identify pre-specified characteristics possibly associated with the heterogeneity of the results. Risk of bias and publication bias were assessed. Results: Eighteen taxa of the culturable gut microbiota were identified from 42 studies. The overall effect of DFM supplementation on the log concentrations of all 18 taxa did not differ significantly from the controls (SMD = -0.06, 95% confidence interval [-0.16, 0.04], p = 0.228, $I^2=85%$, n = 699 comparisons), but the 18 taxa could be further classified into three categories by the direction of the effect size: taxa whose log concentrations did not differ significantly from the controls (category 1), taxa whose log concentrations increased significantly with DFM supplementation (category 2), and taxa whose log concentrations decreased significantly with DFM supplementation (category 3). Category 1 comprised nine taxa, including total bacterial counts. Category 2 comprised four taxa: Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium butyricum, and Lactobacillus. Category 3 comprised five taxa: Clostridium perfringens, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Salmonella. Some characteristics identified by the subgroup analysis were associated with result heterogeneity. Most studies, however, were present with unclear risk of bias. Publication bias was also identified. Conclusion: DFM supplementation increased the concentrations of some beneficial bacteria (e.g. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and decreased those of some detrimental bacteria (e.g. Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella) in the guts of broiler chickens.

• 한국경영과학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2008

The study suggests an answer to the question of what determines category diversification of Internet portals in Korea. First, as external factors, competition intensity and market growth are hypothesized to have influence on the degree of category diversification. Second, an internal factor, user loyalty to portals, is hypothesized to influence negatively category diversification. The study performed empirical analysis based on weekly portal-specific panel data of eighteen internet portals in Korea during the period between 2001 and 2004. The result shows that category diversification increases as competition intensity increases, and that category diversification decreases as user loyalty increases. There was no effect of market-level growth rate on category diversification.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.61-72
• /
• 2017

Purpose - The ICT development is affecting the consumer behaviors in selecting channel or distribution system. This study aims to advance the theory on the influence and interaction with omni-channel behaviors. Specifically, analyzing moderating variable is category knowledge that effect between propensity of brand loyalty and its precedence factor which is perceived difference, perceived value, authenticity and consumer-brand relationship. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject of this research is consumers who purchase goods in omni-channel situation. The hypothesis of this research is derived from the literature of the preceding research analysis on brand loyalty, omni-channel and consumer behaviors. This study have constructs that were defined operationally with reference to previous studies, and the research model was designed to figure out the structural relationship among perceived difference, perceived value, authenticity, consumer-brand relationship and brand loyalty. From 2016 Sept. 1 to Dec. 31, a questionnaire survey was performed targeting customers using omni-channel. 327 questionnaire survey had conducted. 316 survey data were used for empirical analysis except data that had missing and wrong value. AMOS(structural equation) was used to confirm the hypothesis which developed by researcher. Results - The results of this study are as follows. First, an authenticity has significant effect on brand loyalty. Second, in the omni-channel situation, but perceived differentiation, perceived value, consumer-brand relationship does not affect brand loyalty. According to this result, it is judged that it is easy to search for information in the situation of omni-channel and integrated decision making is done without distinction between channels. Third, category knowledge has moderating effect between brand loyalty and precedence factors. When the category knowledge level is low, preceding factors have a significant effect on brand loyalty. when the category knowledge level is high, the preceding factors did not have a significant effect on brand loyalty except the authenticity. Conclusions - This study finds out omni-channel's phenomenon is different from other distribution channel phenomenon. In the situation of omni-channel, it is suggested that brand loyalty may be relatively low for a certain brand because it raises the knowledge level of the category. Then this study provides a managerial implications based on the role of the moderate effect on category knowledge, brand loyalty and omni-channel.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.741-750
• /
• 2021

The research aims to analyze the level of efficiency by grouping banks during the period 2017 - 2018 into category 1 and category 2 banks and then dividing them as Regional Development Banks (BPD) and Non-BPD Conventional Commercial Banks (BUK) within each category. The research objects are banks within the categories BPD and BUK comprised 18 BPDs and 35 BUKs. The research methodology uses 3 stages, first, using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) we measure the level of bank efficiency; second, using the Tobit regression model we evaluate the effect of financial performance on DEA efficiency, and third, using the Mann-Whitney test we determine whether there is a difference in the efficiency of category 1 and 2 banks. The results showed that there was a decrease in the efficiency of category 1 and 2 banks but on average, the efficiency of category 1 banks is higher than category 2 banks. The estimation results of the Tobit regression model show that only the ROA variable affects the efficiency level of category 1 banks, while category 2 banks are influenced by NPL and ROA variables. In the Mann-Whitney test, it was proven that there were differences in efficiency between BUK and BPD in category 1 and 2 banks.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제10권11호
• /
• pp.551-558
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 카이로프랙틱 기법 중 누운 자세에서 시술되어지는 S.O.T category II 골반 블록 중재가 골반의 불안정으로 인한 기울어짐을 회복시킴으로써 이에 따른 어깨통증을 줄이고 복근의 지구력을 향상시킬 수 있는지 알아보고자 한 것이다. 이 실험을 위해 엉치엉덩관절의 불안정을 가지고 있으며 허리의 통증이 있는 총 50명의 참여자가 실험군과 대조군에 각 25명씩 무작위 할당되었다. 실험군은 category II 블록 중재를 받았고, 대조군은 거짓블록 중재를 받았으며, 이들 두 집단을 통해 중재 전, 중재 후, 그리고 중재 2주 후에 복근지구력과 어깨통증을 측정하여 그 결과를 반복측정 이원분산분석법으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 S.O.T category II 골반 블록 중재 후 실험집단에서 복근지구력이 유의한 증가를 보였으며 중재가 끝난 2주 후에도 유지 되었다. 또한 어깨통증의 경우에도 실험집단에서 통증의 감소를 보였으며 역시 중재가 끝난 2주 후에도 유의한 감소를 보였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때 S.O.T category II 골반 블록 중재는 골반의 안정성을 유도하여 복근지구력을 증진시키고, 어깨통증을 감소시키며 중재 후에도 지속효과가 있는 것으로 나타남으로, 골반의 불안정성이 원인이 되는 어깨통증이나 복근지구력을 회복시킬 수 있는 중재법으로 활용되어질 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 재활간호학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.29-44
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to obtain basic data required to plan and develop Rehabilitation Day Care Program for the stroke Survivors at home in Korea. The subjects comprised of 118 stroke survivors who discharged from 4 hospitals in Seoul during the past 2 years. The data were collected from August 3, 1998 to September 18, 1998, through interviews with questionnaires about general characteristics, activities of dally living, depression and service need of rehabilitation day care program at the outpatient clinics by trained nursing graduates. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, and Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS/WIN program. The results obtained are as follows ; 1. The mean score of the general need of rehabilitation day care program of stroke survivors was 2.78(range 1-4). The highest need among the service categories of the rehabilitation day care program was self-care and restorative activities category, and health services referral category, recreation category, psychosocial activities category in order. The needs of each category are as follows ; 1) In the health services referral category, the need for speech therapy was highest, followed by the need for physical therapy and occupational therapy. 2) In the psychosocial activities category, the need for self-help group was highest. 3) In the self-care and restorative activities category, the need for bathing was highest, followed by bowel training, and ambulation training. 4) The need for the recreation category was 2.62. 2. Among the need for the effect related to the utilization of day care program, the need for survivors' physical and psychological well-being was highest and was followed by the need for caregiver's physical and psychological wellbeing. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed following results ; 1. The need for rehabilitation day care program service displayed a correlation with the level of education, ADL, and the level of depression, and a reverse correlation with age. 2. The need for the effect related to the utilization of rehabilitation day program displayed a correlation with the level of education, ADL, and the level of depression. The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed following results : 1. For the need for rehabilitation day care program service, 28.4% of the variance was initially explained by one variable, level of depression. The level of depression plus two variables, survivors' age and ADL, explained 34.2% of the variance in the need for rehabilitation day care program service. 2. For the need for the effect related to the utilization of rehabilitation day care program, 12.4% of the variance was initially explained by one variable, level of depression. The level of depression plus one variable, level of education, explained 20.4% of the variance in the need for the effect related to the utilization of rehabilitation day care program. In conclusion, above characteristics should be considered when we are planning to develop stroke survivors' rehabilitation day care program.