• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.16-19
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• 2012

The desmutagenic activity of the water extract of Areca catechu L. on the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$), N-methyl-N-nitro-N'-nitrosoguani-dine (MNNG), mitomycin C (MMC) and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) was studied by using the SOS Chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The inhibition rates of water extract of Areca catechu L. at concentration of $100{\mu}g/assay$ were 41.0%, 47%, 46%, and 32% against $AFB_1$, MNNG, MMC and 4-NQO, respectively. The water extract of Areca catechu L. was separated into methanol soluble and methanol insoluble parts. The methanol insoluble part exhibited higher inhibition effect than the methanol soluble part against the mutagenic activities of MNNG. Step-wise fractionation of methanol insoluble part was done to obtain methanol, ethyl acetate and water fractions. Among these fractions, water fraction had the strongest inhibitory effect of 45.0% against mutagenicities of MNNG. The inhibition rates of aqueous fraction of methanol-insoluble from water extracted Areca catechu L. at concentrations of 1.61, 16.13, 161.29 and $322.58{\mu}g/mL$ were 12.0%, 24.0%, 47.5% and 62.0%, respectively. The water fraction showed the inhibitory effects with dose response against the mutagenic activity induced by MNNG.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.633-641
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• 2014

천연색소로 사용되는 식물류 11종(쪽, 아카시아, 코치닐, 아선약, 포도과피, 태수, 헤나, 국화, 붉은백단향, 대황, 서양꼭두서니)의 생리활성 규명을 위해 열수 추출 분말을 제조하여 항산화 및 항비만 활성을 비교 분석하였다. 총 페놀 함량은 아선약 추출물이 348.23 mg/g으로 가장 높았다. DPPH, ABTS 라디칼 소거능 및 FRAP법에 의한 환원력도 아선약 추출물의 활성이 가장 높았다. ${\beta}$-carotene linoleic acid system을 이용한 항산화 활성은 아카시아 추출물이 가장 높았다. 소화효소 저해 효과를 측정한 결과, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해 활성은 아카시아 추출물이 93.93%로 가장 높았고, ${\alpha}$-amylase 저해 활성은 아선약 추출물이 64.53%로 가장 높았다. Trypsin 저해 활성은 아카시아 추출물이 60% 이상으로 가장 높았고, ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin 저해 활성은 아선약 추출물이 40% 이상으로 가장 높았다. ipase 저해 활성은 아카시아 추출물이 52.73%로 가장 높았다. 3T3-L1 세포에 대한 지방 축적률은 아선약 추출물이 55.8%로 가장 낮아 지방세포 분화 억제 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 식물류 색소원료의 중 아선약 추출물과 아카시아 추출물은 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었으며, 탄수화물, 단백질 및 지방 분해효소 저해에도 상당한 효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났는데, 이러한 결과는 페놀 함량과 상관관계가 높은 것으로 판단된다. 특히 아선약 추출물의 경우 지방세포 분화 억제를 통해 항비만 활성을 나타내는 것으로 판단이 되며 그와 관련된 메커니즘 연구는 좀 더 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6423-6428
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• 2015

The present study was designed to evaluate in vitro anti-proliferative potential of extracts from four Indian medicinal plants, namely Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia bellerica, Acacia catechu and Moringa oleiferna. Their cytotoxicity was tested in nine human cancer cell lines, including cancers of lung (A549), prostate (PC-3), breast (T47D and MCF-7), colon (HCT-16 and Colo-205) and leukemia (THP-1, HL-60 and K562) by using SRB and MTT assays. The findings showed that the selected plant extracts inhibited the cell proliferation of nine human cancer cell lines in a concentration dependent manner. The extracts inhibited cell viability of leukemia HL-60 and K562 cells by blocking G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Interestingly, A. catechu extract at $100{\mu}g/mL$ induced G2/M arrest in K562 cells. DNA fragmentation analysis displayed the appearance of a smear pattern of cell necrosis upon agarose gel electrophoresis after incubation of HL-60 cells with these extracts for 24h.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.24-30
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• 1998

Inhibitory effects of the new material obtained from Areca catechu seed (CC-516) according to a special process, and its applicability to the skin as a cosmetic raw material in terms of its efficacy were presented. Areca catechu extract out of 150 medicinal plants, exhibited high inhibitory effect on the porcine pancreatic elastase ($IC_{50}$ : $40.8{\mu}$g/ml). It also had an inhibitory effect on the human leukocyte elastase ($IC_{50}$ : 48.1$\mu$g/ml), hyaluronidase ($IC_{50}$ : $416{\mu}$g/ml), antioxidative activity ($IC_{50}$ : $45.4\mu$g/ml) and free radical scavenging activity ($SC_{50}$ : $10.2{\mu}$g/ml). The cream contained 3％ of CC-516 improved skin hydration above 16.5％. Especially, the skin elasticity increases more than 35% and skin wrinkles decreased more than 23％. The CC-516 was designed to be utilized in cosmetology. The cream containing 3％ of this product has not only protecting effect on the skin mechanical properties provided by the collagen and the elastin in the derm but also restructuring effect of scarring or aging tissue.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.216-226
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• 2018

The combination dyeing have been attempted to get the various color. The objective of this research was to study the color developing effects on cotton fabrics dyed with persimmon, catechu and combination of the both by heat treatment process. These dye were applied on bleached cotton fabrics for the dyeing before post mordanting with aluminium potassium sulfate, copper sulfate, and iron sulfate. The various color changes on cotton fabric were measured by color spectrophotometer. The heat treatment of temperature around $150^{\circ}C$ for an hour can reach the highest color developing. The dyed fabrics with mordanting were heated for specific time period, which was compared without the mordanting. The post mordanted fabrics showed that more various colors can be obtained using combination dyeing. K/S values of dyed fabrics with Al, Fe, and Cu mordants were higher than the cases without mordants. The Cu mordanted fabric showed very effective color developing by the heating process. The fabrics dyed with catechu lowered L* value with little changes in a* and b* values, while the a* and b* values became higher with heat treatment. The fabrics dyed with persimmon has the lowest L* value and more changes in a*, b* value with heating process. Therefore, K/S values can be increased effectively by the combination dyeing of persimmon and catechu. Colorfastness to washing in color change was grade 2-3 in non-mordanted fabric, and grade 3 in mordanted fabric. Lightfastness of the dyed fabrics was above grade 4.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2016

천연색소 혼합물의 생리활성을 검증하고자 하고자 천연색소 7종에 대하여 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성과 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성, 콜레스테롤 흡착활성 및 COX-2 저해활성을 측정하였으며, 활성이 우수하였던 시료 3종(아선약, 오배자, 정향)을 선별하였다. 선정된 3종 시료의 혼합물 4종(아선약+오배자, 아선약+정향, 오배자+정향, 아선약+오배자+정향)에 대해서는 콜레스테롤 흡착활성, COX-2 저해활성, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 및 ${\alpha}$-amylase 저해활성을 측정하였다. 천연색소 시료들은 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성에 비해 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성이 더 우수하였으며, 콜레스테롤 흡착활성은 정향이 유의적으로 높았고, COX-2 저해활성은 아카시아 분말이 유의적으로 낮았으며, 여타 시료간에는 유의적인 활성의 차이가 없었다. ${\alpha}$-Amylase 저해활성은 아선약과 오배자에서 높았으나, 혼합물들에서는 서로간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase 저해활성은 아선약 분말이 가장 높았고, 아선약이 첨가된 혼합물의 활성이 더 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 천연색소의 생리활성은 혼합물로 조성하여 활용할 때 시너지 효과를 얻을 수 있으나, 조합되는 물질간의 상호작용에 따라 활성의 증감 정도는 상이하므로 이에 대해서는 앞으로 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

Objective: Evaluations of the in-vitro anti-bacterial activities of aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu (L.F.)Willd, Castanea sativa, Ephedra sinica stapf and Shilajita mumiyo against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are reasonable since these ethnomedicinal plants have been used in Persian folk medicine for treating skin diseases, venereal diseases, respiratory problems and nervous disorders for ages. Methods: The well diffusion method (KB testing) with a concentration of $250{\mu}g/disc$ was used for evaluating the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Maximum synergistic effects of different combinations of components were also observed. Results: A particular combination of Acacia catechu (L.F.) Willd, Castanea sativa, Ephedra sinica stapf and shilajita mumiyo extracts possesses an outstanding anti-bacterial activity. It's inhibiting effect on microorganisms is significant when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive microorganism. The highest anti-bacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia) or gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was exerted by formula number 2 (table 1). Conclusion: The results reveal the presence of anti-bacterial activities of Acacia catechu, Castanea sativa husk, Ephedra sp. and Mumiyo against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Synergistic effects in a combined formula, especially in formula number 2 (ASLAN$^{(R)}$) can lead to potential sources of new antiseptic agents for treatment of acute or chronic skin ulcers. These results considering the significant anti-bacterial effect of the present formulation, support ethnopharmacological uses against diarrheal and venereal diseases and demonstrate use of these plants to treat infectious diseases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme can cause inflammation. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is also involved in the inflammatory response through regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B $NF-{\kappa}B$(). Areca catechu is one of the known fruit plants of the Palmaceae family. It has been used for a long time as a source of herbal medicine in Indonesia. In this study, we explored the effect of Indonesian Areca catechu leaf ethanol extract (ACE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and carrageenan-induced paw edema models. Recently, this natural extract has been in the spotlight because of its efficacy and limited or no toxic side effects. However, the mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory effect remains to be elucidated. MATERIALS/METHODS: We measured NO production by using the Griess reagent, and determined the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins, such as iNOS, COX2, and $NF-{\kappa}B$, by western blot. To confirm the effect of ACE in vivo, we used the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. RESULTS: Compared to untreated cells, LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with ACE showed reduced NO generation and reduced iNOS and COX-2 expression. We found that the acute inflammatory response was significantly reduced by ACE in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that ACE can inhibit inflammation and modulate NO generation via downregulation of iNOS levels and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling in vitro and in vivo. ACE may have a potential medical benefit as an anti-inflammation agent.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2017

This study proposed adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from areca catechu shell (ACS AC) using Timphan Method. The effects of independent variables on adsorption kinetic and isotherm have been investigated by conducting experiments in batch mode at neutral pH. The structural characterization of adsorbent was done by FT-IR and SEM analysis. The Pb(II) adsorption was correlated very well with the pseudo second-order kinetic (PSOKM) and Langmuir isotherm models (LIM). Increasing NaOH mass for activation and adsorption temperature increased weakly all the parameters of adsorption kinetic and isotherm. The Pb(II) ions adsorption capacity of the ACS AC at 27 and $45^{\circ}C$ was 50.51 and 55.25 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters were determined, and the results confirmed the Pb(II) ions adsorption should be endothermic and spontaneous process, and both physical and chemical adsorption should be taken place.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2004

Hair coloring before the 1980s was mostly to hide white hair by dying in black. With the introduction of color TV, however, the size of the coloring market has been expanding. Nowadays, artificial synthetic dyes are widely used, which, though advantageous in many points, have problems such as harmful effects on the human body, carcinogenesis, environmental contamination and damage on hair. On the contrary, natural vegetables obtained from Curcuma Longa L., A. catechu, polygonum indigo, henna, etc. are little harmful to hair or the skin of the head and cause few environmental problems. In addition, as they are natural materials collected from nature, they are considered positively by consumers. Thus the present study started from the necessity of research on the convenient use of environment?friendly and side-effect-free natural dyes, coloring technology for reproducing original color, the improvement of adhesion rate, etc. From the present research were obtained yellow color from Curcuma Longa L., brown from A. catechu, blue from polygonum indigo and orange from henna. It is expected that, based on materials from previous researches, there may be more researches on the use of natural dyes as hair colors.