• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.382-388
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• 2003

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenolic compound found in peen tea leaves, and has been known to be one of the most potent catechin species which inhibits cell growth most possibly through an apoptotic cell death. We investigated the apoptotic activity of (-)-EGCG on the human myeloid leukemia cell line, HL-60. Our results of MTT test indicated that (-)-EGCG had a significant antiproliferation effect in HL-60 cells with $IC_{50}$/ (50% inhibition concentration) value of 65 $\mu$M. Giemsa statining of HL-60 cells treated with (-)-EGCG (100 $\mu$M) for 6hrs showed a typical apoptosis-specific morphological change including shrinkage of the cytoplasm, membrane blobbing and compaction of the nuclear chromatin. The DNA fragmentation was observed from the agarose gel electrophoresis of cells treated with (-)-EGCG for 3hrs or longer, and was progressed to a greater degree as treatment time increases. Treatment of the cells with (-)-EGCG (100 $\mu$M) resulted in a rapid release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol, and a subsequent cleavage of caspase-3 to an active form in a treatment-time dependent manner. (-)-EGCG (100 $\mu$M) also stimulated proteolytic cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) to an active form in HL-60 cells. Tlken together, (-)-EGCG appears to induce the apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cells via a caspase-dependent pathway. These results suggest the possible application of (-)-EGCG, the major active compound in green tea, as an antiproliferative agent for cancer prevention.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2008

Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), one of the major catechins of tea, was isolated from the decaffeinated, crude methanolic extract of Indian green tea (Camellia sinensis L. O. Kuntze) using chromatographic techniques. EGCG was then screened for antidiarrhoeal activity against 30 strains (clinical isolates) of V. cholerae, which is a well known Gram negative bacillus functioning as the pathogen of cholera. V. cholerae strains like V. cholerae 69, 71, 83, 214, 978, 1021, 1315, 1347, 1348, 569B and ATCC 14033 were inhibited by EGCG at a concentration of $25\;{\mu}g/ml$ whereas V. cholerae 10, 522, 976 were even more sensitive, being inhibited at $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ level. However, V. cholerae DN 16, DN 26, 30, 42, 56, 58, 113, 117, 564, 593, 972 and ATCC 14035 were inhibited at $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ level of EGCG. Only four strains were inhibited at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. In this study the isolated compound was found to be bacteriostatic in its mechanism of action. In the in vivo experiment using the rabbit ileal loop model two different dosages of EGCG ($500\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$) were able to protect the animals when they were challenged with V. cholerae 569B in the ileum.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.602-606
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated total 26 ingredients of Saengshik which will be commercially produced as an anti-diabetic dietary supplement. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirteen vegetables, nine cereals, three legumes and one seed were extracted with aqueous ethanol for 2 h at $60^{\circ}C$, and evaluated for their inhibitory effects against ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and for total phenolic and flavonoid contents. RESULTS: All ingredients inhibited ${\alpha}$-amylase activity except cabbage. Strong inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-amylase was observed in leek, black rice, angelica and barley compared with acarbose as a positive control. Stronger inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity was found in small water dropwort, radish leaves, sorghum and cabbage than acarbose. All Saengshik ingredients suppressed ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity in the range of 0.3-60.5%. Most ingredients contained total phenols which were in the range of 1.2-229.4 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried extract. But, total phenolic contents were not observed in carrot, pumpkin and radish. All ingredients contained flavonoid in the range of 11.6-380.7 mg catechin equivalent/g dried extract. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that Saengshik containing these ingredients would be an effective dietary supplement for diabetes.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2016

A method for simultaneously identifying antioxidative compounds was developed using time-based LC-MS coupled with DPPH assay regardless of the time consuming process. The methanolic extract of Polygonum aviculare (Polygonaceae) showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity. Time-based DPPH assay for simultaneous identification of active compounds from the extracts of P. aviculare was used. Major peaks of ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity. A simple phenolic compound (1) and six flavonoids (2-7) were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare by silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structures of seven compounds were determined to be protocatechuic acid (1), catechin (2), myricitrin (3), epicatechin-3-O-gallate (4), avicularin (5), quercitrin (6), and juglanin (7) based on the analysis of the $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR and ESI-MS data. All compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity on DPPH assay and active compounds were well correlated with predicted one.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2019

In this paper, we have isolated six phenolic compounds, such as (+)-catechin (1), taxifolin (2), taxifolin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-(+)-xylose (3), quercetin (4), quercetin-3-O-${\alpha}$-L(+)-rhamnose (quercitrin) (5), apigenin-8-C-rhamnosyl-(1'''${\rightarrow}$2'')-glucoside (2''-O-rhamnosylvitexin) (6) from the EtOAc(Ethyl Acetate) and $H_2O$ soluble fractions of Japanese anise(Illicium anisatum L) leaves and twigs. Also, we have evaluated antioxidative and antiviral activity for each isolated compound. The antioxidative test was DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. According to the experimental results, all of the isolated compounds indicated the increased radical scavenging activities as the concentration increases and most of the isolated compounds indicated generally good antioxidative values compare to the controls, ascorbic acid and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. In the antiviral activities, all of the isolated compounds had no potentials in rhinovirus 1B (HRV 1B). But in enterovirus 71 (EV 71) and Influenza virus A/PR/8 (Influenza PR8), only quercetin (4) indicated the good antiviral activity compare to the control. Based on the above results, we found that the phenolic compounds of Japanese anise may be applied for one of the natural biomass sources that can be used as an antioxidant and an antiviral substance.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2004

본 연구는 일반 시판된장과 녹차된장의 일반성분, 유리아미노산, 지방산, 유기산의 함량과 항산화 활성도를 비교하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 수분함량은 일반된장에 비해 녹차된장이 높게 나타났으며, 조 단백 함량은 일반된장에 비해 녹차된장이 낮게 나타났다. 조 지방 함량의 경우 일반된장과 녹차된장이 비슷하게 나타났으며, 회분함량은 녹차된장이 일반된장의 평균값을 나타냈고, 당질 함량은 녹차된장이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 섬유소함량은 일반 시판 된장 중 H제품을 제외하고는 비슷하게 나타났으며, 열량 역시 녹차된장이 가장 낮았다. 녹차된장의 색도는 일반된장에 비해 비교적 낮게 나타났다. 녹차된장중의 총 카테킨 함량은 2.3%로 나타났다. 유리 아미노산의 경우 시판된장 중 C사 제품은 sarcosine이 337.8 mg%로 가장 많은 함량을 나타냈고, 다음으로 proline(268.4 mg%), glutamic acid(268.0 mg%)순으로 나타났으며, H사 제품은 glutamic acid가 831.6 mg%로 가장 높았고, leucine(491.0 mg%), phenylalanine(364.3 mg%)순이었고, S사 제품은 역시 glutamic acid(855.2 mg%)가 시료중에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 다음으로 alanine(567.9 mg%), phenylalanine(413.9 mg%), valine(400.3 mg%) 순이었다. 녹차된장 역시 glutamic acid(326.24 mg%)가 가장 많이 함유되었고, 다음으로 proline(320.9 mg%), leucine(221.49 mg%)순으로 나타났다. 포화지방산은 녹차된장이 일반된장에 비해 약간 높았으며, 불포화지방산중 단일 불포화지방산은 일반된장에 비해 녹차된장이 약간 낮았고, 다 불포화지방산은 녹차된장이 일반된장의 가장 낮은 값과 비슷하게 나타났다. 총 지방산중에 linoleic acid(51%)가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 다음으로 oleic acid(21∼24%), palmitic acid(10∼11%), stearic acid(3∼4%) 순으로 나타났다 된장의 유기산은 주된 유기산이 oxalic acid였으며, lactic, succinic acid를 제외하고는 대체로 일반 시판된장이 녹차된장에 비해 1.6∼2.7배 높게 나타났다. 녹차된장의 항산화 활성도는 타 일반된장에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과 기능성을 가진 녹차된장이 일반시판된장에 비해 열량이 낮으며, 항산화 활성도가 높으므로 장기간 섭취시 비만예방 및 노화방지에 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.163-167
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• 1971

모과의 정미성분(呈味成分)으로 생각되는 polyphenol 성분(成分), amino acid, 당(糖), 유기산(有機酸)의 종류(種類)를 검색(檢索) 함량(含量)을 측정(測定)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 모과의 polyphenol 성분(成分)의 주(主)가 되는 것은 catechin, leucoanthocyan, 회합형(會合型) tannin 등(等)이다. 2. 모과의 amino acid 로서 aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, ${\beta}-alanine$ 등(等)이 많았다. 3. 모과의 유기산(有機酸)의 주(主)가 되는 것은 citric acid, malic acid 이었다. 4. 모과의 당(糖)으로서 glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose 등의 존재(存在)하였다. 5. 모과의 정미성분(呈味成分)의 함량(含量)을 사과나 배와 비교(比較)할 때 amino acid는 거의 같고, 당(糖) $1/2{\sim}1/3$ 정도(程度)지만 polyphenol 성분(成分)이 $20{\sim}50$ 배(倍), 유기산(有機酸)이 $3{\sim}8$배(倍)로서 모과의 강(强)한 삽미(澁味)와 산미(酸味)의 원인(原因)을 이루고 있음을 알았다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 1975

도토리를 식량자원으로 활용하기 위하여 생산량녹말제조 및 도토리 녹말의 각종 특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 도토리는 당질 72.8%함유한 종실로서 연간 l,200,000 l 이상이 생산되어 새로운 녹말자원이 될 수 있을 것같다. 2) 도토리의 타닌성분은 gallic acid, catechin chlorogenic acid 등의 세 성분이 확인되었고 gallocatechin의 한 성분으로 추정되었다. 3) 도토리 녹말의 모양은 계란형으로 그 직경은 $3.5{\sim}5.2{\mu}$ 에서 $8.0{\sim}19.5{\mu}$이였다. 4) 호화온도는 $62{\sim}64^{\circ}C$은 쌀녹말과 같고 옥수수 녹말(86.2)이나 밀녹말(87.3)보다 낮다. 5) Amylose 함량은 27.1%로 이것은 보리$(28.5{\sim}29.4)$보다 낮고 감자(26.0)보다 높다. 6) 팽창력은 12.4로 감자녹말(10.5)보다 높고 일반 곡물녹말보다 낮다. 7) Blue value는 0.43으로 밀녹말(0.41)과 비슷하고 고구마(3.5) 쌀녹말$(0.06{\sim}0.39)$ 보다 높고 보리(0.51)보다 낮은 값이다. 8) Alkali number는 11.03으로 옥수수녹말$(10.0{\sim}12.1)$과 같고 보리(6.78)와 발$(4.8{\sim}7.1)$보다 높다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 DHA-enriched fish oil 과 대두유를 비율(w/w)을 달리하여 반응시키고 그 특성을 알아보았다. 어유의 비율이 증가할수록 trilinolein(LLL) peak는 감소하였고, 새로운 피크의 형성은 점차 증가하였다. 재구성 지질(어유 : 대두유 = 5 : 5, w/w, $55^{\circ}C$, 240, 180 rpm)의 지방산 조성 분석 결과 대두유에서 볼 수 없었던 DHA가 약 13% 증가한 반면, linoleic acid는 24.17% 감소하였으며 포화 지방산의 함량은 약 23%, 불포화 지방산의 함량은 약 77%이었다. 위치별 지방산 함량으로 sn-2 position은 약 linoleic acid 28%, oleic acid 22%, DHA 18% 그리고 palmitic acid 17% 이었다 재구성 지질의 tocopherol 분석 결과 $\alpha$, $\gamma$, and $\delta$-tocopherol 함량은 각각 23.58 mg/100 g, 32.28 mg/100 g, 17.94 mg/100 g이었다. 대두유와 비교하여 재구성 지질의 $\alpha$-tocopherol은 2.1배 증가하였으며, $\gamma$-tocopherol은 1.6배 감소하였다. 유지의 산패 정도를 알아보기 위하여 유도기간(induction period)을 측정한 결과 기질로 사용한 어유 보다는 대두유와 어유를 반응시킨 재구성 지질의 유도기간이 길었으며, 재구성 지질에 항산화제를 첨가한 군 간의 유도기간은 단일 항산화제를 첨가한 군이 최대 2.1배 길었다. 그리고 항산화제 첨가에 따른 향기 패턴을 알아본 결과 항산화제를 첨가하지 않은 그룹과 항산화제를 첨가한 그룹간에 향기 패턴에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2016

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most popular beverages in the world and has been acknowledged for centuries as having significant health benefits. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant catechin in green tea, and it has been reported to have health benefit effects. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ coactivator $(PGC)-1{\alpha}$ is a crucial regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and hepatic gluconeogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether EGCG from green tea can affect the ability of transcriptional regulation on $PGC-1{\alpha}$ mRNA expression in HepG2 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To study the molecular mechanism that allows EGCG to control $PGC-1{\alpha}$ expression, the promoter activity levels of $PGC-1{\alpha}$ were examined. The $PGC-1{\alpha}$ mRNA level was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. The -970/+412 bp of $PGC-1{\alpha}$ promoter was subcloned into the pGL3-Basic vector that includes luciferase as a reporter gene. EGCG was found to up-regulate the $PGC-1{\alpha}$ mRNA levels significantly with $10{\mu}mol/L$ of EGCG in HepG2 cells and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. $PGC-1{\alpha}$ promoter activity was also increased by treatment with $10{\mu}mol/L$ of EGCG in both cells. These results suggest that EGCG may induce $PGC-1{\alpha}$ gene expression, potentially through promoter activation.