• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.13
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• pp.157-184
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• 2012

This essay examines Jacques Callot's Les Grandes Mis$\grave{e}$res et Malheurs de la Guerre (1633) as a moral meditation on war as catastrophe. It also uses Callot's Miseries to reflect on the nature of catastrophe as such, particularly as "An event producing a subversion of the order or system of things." As such, catastrophe refers less to nature or the natural gone awry, than it does to the abnegation or suspension of moral aspects of human nature. More than a reflection on war as catastrophe, and catastrophe as fundamentally moral, Callot's Miseries are a timeless meditation on aspects of the human condition; or on human beings in what amounts to state of nature-as evidenced in times of disaster. Such reflection, again, does not by itself imply that all war-even when catastrophic-is unnecessary, let alone necessarily unjust. But it does suggest that artistic engagement with war understood as catastrophic, may yield insights into human nature that are as important to human self-understanding as those represented in artistic subject matter that is more quotidian.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.139-147
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the linkage between Si-Jeong-Chon (municipalities of Japan) catastrophic disaster recovery-regeneration plan (DRRP) and regional comprehensive plan (RCP), each of which was made after the Great East Japan Earthquake, and to make implications on establishment of a disaster recovery plan of Korea. In order to explore the relationship between the two plans, the DRRPs and RCPs of 30 municipalities are collected and categorized according to their characteristics. The results show that DRRPs of the municipalities are not always in a consistent form and contents because regulations and guidelines on DRRP are not definite and specific. The relationship between DRRP and RCP in terms of its form and contents can be divided into 3 categories; Reflective Type (RT), Complementary Type (CT), and Substitutive Type (ST). The 22 RT plans as the majority of those DRRPs appear to reflect the development strategies of municipalities' RCPs. Both 3 CT plans and 5 ST plans seem to be integrated with RCPs in some way. The plan in CT of a municipality supplements its RCP by adding some new strategies to its recovery section and the plan in ST of a municipality appears to replace its RCP. Finally the influential factors which are considered to determine linkage type are identified as remaining time which is legally required to re-establish its RCP, the extent of damage, and socioeconomic condition changes.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.82-89
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• 2014

Disasters that destroy homes and infrastructure and cause significant financial damage are becoming more common as population centers grow. In addition, several natural disasters have resulted in a major loss of life and created countless refugees due to damage to housing. After major catastrophic disasters, it is very important that the government agencies respond to post-disaster housing issues and provide resources such as temporary housing before the full rehabilitation and reconstruction of destroyed and damaged housing. To provide affordable temporary housing for residents who may lose their homes as the result of a catastrophic disaster including storms, government agencies must develop a post-disaster housing prototype. In general, government agencies should explore several different forms of factory-built single-story, single family housing, such as modular homes, panelized homes, and precut homes. In urban cities including New York and Seoul, it is very important to provide housing which supports the demand for higher-density living spaces than single-family homes or trailers typically available due to the high population density and the desire to resettle as many residents as possible in their former neighborhoods. This study identified the urban post-disaster housing prototypes that may provide higher density housing with high quality living spaces, high air quality, and energy efficiency as well as rapid deployment. A case study of "Urban Post-Disaster Housing Prototype Program in New York" was conducted through a detailed interview process with a designer, engineer, contractor, the Office of Emergency Management (OEM) in New York, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and temporary occupants. An appropriate disaster housing program that can provide living spaces for victims of disasters that keeps residents in their community and allows them to live and work in their neighborhoods was developed.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.400-410
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• 2023

Background: As the government has recently been discussing the expansion of the disaster health expenses support project, we would like to confirm the characteristics of beneficiaries of the support project, particularly those of high-cost beneficiaries. Methods: Using the database of catastrophic health expenditure support project from 2019-2020, this study aims to confirm the characteristics of high-cost beneficiaries focusing on the overlap of the relieved out-of-pocket systems, known as the out-of-pocket ceiling system and the system for rare incurable diseases. Logistic regression analysis is used to examine this issue. Results: In order to analyze the factors influencing high-cost beneficiaries, five models were created and analyzed, including the status of duplicated beneficiaries for relieved out-of-pocket systems, sociodemographic and economic factors, and individual health status as sequential independent variables. All five models were statistically significant, of which economic factors had the greatest impact on the model's predictions. The main results indicated that those who benefited from multiple systems in duplicate were more likely to be high-cost beneficiaries, and there is a higher probability of incurring high health expenses among the underage. In addition, within the beneficiaries of catastrophic health expenditure support project, it was observed that higher health insurance premium percentiles are associated with a higher proportion of high-cost beneficiaries. Conclusion: This study examined the characteristics of high-cost beneficiaries by encompassing reimbursement and non-reimbursement. According to this study, it is expected to be used as basic data for setting priorities and improving the current criteria of catastrophic health expenditure support project, aiming to sequentially expand the program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 2016

Natural disasters can cause major accidents in chemical facilities where they can lead to the release of hazardous materials which in turn can result in fires, explosions or toxic dispersion. Technological disasters triggered by natural disasters are referred to as NaTech(Natural Disaster Triggered Technological Disaster). These trends increase the probability of catastrophic future disasters and the potential for mass human exposure to hazardous materials released during disasters. In the present study, we proposed some methods for effective disaster management by conducting case study of major NaTech. First, establishing information sharing system of chemical accident for stakeholders and improving disaster manuals and standards of central and local government and co-operation support system. Second, activating information service of emergency planning and community right to know. Third, improving the integrated chemical accident database including NaTech accidents.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.1
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• pp.321-350
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• 1997

This thesis is an attempt to find out ways and means needed to improve the disaster management system in Korea(Chap. Ⅰ). For this purpose, I have first reviewed various crisis management systems of foreign countries such as the United States, England and Japan(Chap. Ⅱ), and also reviewed that of our own country(Chap. Ⅲ). All of us knows that our disaster management system has been reestablished through the enactment of the Disaster Management Act of 1995 and the full revision of Natural Harzards Management Act of 1995 after a series of catastrophic man-made disasters since 1993. I took a general survey of the contents and characteristics of the newly made Disaster Management Act(Chap. Ⅳ), and Finally, as a conclusion of this research(Chap. V), I indicated a few disputed points on the Disaster Management Act and suggested several alternatives to improve our crisis management system. The alternatives suggested are as follows (1) Reinforcement of prevention-centered policy and expansion of investment (2) Specialization of the crisis management man-power and securing the rescue equipment (3) Arrangement of the various lessons on crisis and reinforcement of educational training against the disasters (4) Building the cooperative systems between the civil organizations (5) An opinion towards the issues on the unifying the law systems and reorganizaing the new independent institution for the crisis management

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.3
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• pp.83-116
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• 2000

Many concerns have been raised for importance of disaster management after 1990's numerous urban disasters in Korea. When the primary function of government is to protect lives and property of citizens, disaster management should be included in the mainstream of public administration and many hazard countermeasures should be carried out for that purpose. The principal purpose of this research is to establish ways and means needed to improve the disaster management system in Korea. This paper is split into five chapters. Chapter I is the introduction part. Chapter II introduces the reader to a disaster management theory, and deals with various disaster management systems of foreign countries such as the U.S.A. and Japan, Chapter III describes and characterizes the Korea's current disaster management system. The Korean disaster management system has been reestablished through the enactment of the Disaster Management Act of 1995 and the full revision of Natural Hazards Management Act of 1995 after series of catastrophic man-made disasters since 1993. Chapter IV is devoted to the establishment of an effective disaster management system in Korea. In this chapter, I discusses measures needed to improve the quality of CDMB(Central Disaster Management Bureau)'s service to the people. I strongly reemphasize the effectiveness of a comprehensive risk-based, all-hazard national emergency management system that addresses preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. To that end the Administration should develop legislation, new policies, and organizational plans to invigorate the agency with a refocussed mission. Chapter V is a conclusion. As the demand for citizens'welfare has been continuously increased in the localization, the importance of disaster management is emerging subject in the public sector. The disaster management carries out complicated affairs and manages diverse objects, the cooperation/connection system of the central-local government and citizens, and non-governmental organization should be established.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.177-184
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• 2022

This study attempted to propose a plan to develop smart disaster prevention by applying the technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution at each stage of disaster management to cope with the catastrophic situation of fire accidents. To this end, 150 disaster prevention experts and disaster prevention consumers were set as research subjects, and research data were collected and statistical analysis was conducted by distributing questionnaires. The main result was that disaster prevention experts and consumers commonly regarded the systematic factors of smart disaster prevention as the most important, and the difference in perception of the importance of each smart disaster prevention component was not statistically significant. Based on these results, this researcher suggested that in order for Korea's smart disaster prevention technology to develop, it is important for many researchers to research individual smart disaster prevention technologies, but above all, systematic R&D on how to manage, integrate them, and apply them in actual situations should be most preemptively.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.98-110
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• 2016

Building resilient community is often a complicated process to be gained by interorganizational collaboration. Since patterns of interorganizational relations among governments and sectors are constantly changing due to internal and external factors in the field of emergency management, understanding the dynamic nature of interorganizational collaboration is a critical step for improving a community’s ability to bounce back from a catastrophic event. From two theoretical perspectives, this research aims to examine the essential role of working across levels of governments and sectors in building resilient community by focusing on sources of community resiliency and a strong commitment. The empirical evidence highlights the importance of studying resilience as a way to understand the motivation and incentive for organizations to work jointly during emergency response. The study of organizational resilience also draws attention for the importance of various forms of interorganizational collaboration such as formal and informal relations. It also highlights how local organizations can utilize their relations to seek resources without necessarily jeopardizing their ability to perform their core organizational functions.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2009

As building heights increase, so do these challenges in Korea. High-rise buildings present a variety of challenges to fire safety and protection. The fire protection technology in our country is still on a weak situation which is mainly due to the lack of concerns by the government, companies and citizen. This paper provides general guidance regarding fire-related property protection system for high-rise building performance based design. The importance of high-rise building in of the number of occupants, the value of property, and the a catastrophic loss would have on the community all warrant an increased level of protection and life safety. Because, We have to prepare a new spacial code and standard guidance for fire protection at the stage of the high-rise building design.