• Title/Summary/Keyword: Castor

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A Study on the Hydraulic Stability of a Multi-Layered Porous Riverbank Revetment Using Castor Oil-Based Biopolymer (피마자유기반 바이오폴리머를 활용한 다층다공성 호안의 수리적 안정성 검토)

  • Sang-Hoon, Lee;Joongu, Kang;Hong-Kyu, Ahn
    • Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.228-236
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    • 2022
  • Riverbank revetments are installed to increase the stability, while preventing scouring, and utilize the rivers; their construction is prioritized to secure dimensional safety that can withstand flooding. Existing revetment technologies employ use of rocks, gabions, and concrete. However, stone and gabions are easily erosion and destroyed by extensive flooding. Though the materials used in concrete technology possess strength and stability, the strong base adversely affects the aquatic ecosystem as components leach and remain in water for a long time. This serves as an environmental and ecological issue as vegetation does not grow on the concrete surface. This study introduces multi-layer porous riverbank revetment technology using biopolymer materials extracted from castor oil. Results obtained from this study suggest that this technology provides greater dimensional stability as compared to existing technologies. Moreover. it does not release toxic substances into the rivers. Multiple experiments conducted to review the application of this technology to diverse river environments confirm that stability is achieved at a flow velocity of 8.0 m/s and maximum tractive force of 67.25 kgf/m2 (659.05 N/m2).

The Toughness of Polyurethane and Epoxy Resins IPNs (폴리우레탄-에폭시 IPNs의 강인성)

  • Kim, Jong Seok;Hong, Suk Pyo
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.445-450
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    • 1998
  • Interpenetrating polymer networks(IPNs) were prepared from castor oil-type polyurethanes(PUs) and epoxy resin. Two types of PU were prepared by using polypropylene ether glycol(PPG) as a chain extending agent and caster oil(CO) as a crosslinking agent. COPU/epoxy simultaneous interpenetrating polymer networks(SINs) based on CO had a better compatibility over the all composition than PPGPU/epoxy SINs based on PPG. The flexural strength of all PPGPU/epoxy SINs was decreased with decreasing entanglement of networks. COPU/epoxy SINs showed the higher fracture toughness and mechanial properties than the PPGPU/epoxy SINs. Fracture surfaces of all of the SINs showed the localized shear deformation and crack deflection rather than generation of stress whitening associated with the cavitation.

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Nutritional Disorders, Analytical Diagnosis and Nutrient Guide for Mulberry, Morus indica L.

  • Singhal, B.K.;Chakraborti, S.;Rajan, Mala V.;Thippeswamy, T.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 2004
  • Due to recent scientific innovations in mulberry cultivation, leaf yield has been increased manifold. However, with successive leaf harvest, a quantum drop in leaf yield and quality has been noted. This inturn has affected the silkworm rearing and farmers suffered by the frequent crop failures. This is mainly due to nutrient deficiencies in mulberry leaf. Moreover, no complete information is available about hunger signs of nutritional disorders, analytical diagnosis and critical levels of nutrients required. The present paper, thus, may serve as an important nutrient guide for identification of hunger signs, leaf nutrients status under deficiency and critical levels of the elements namely N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn requirements for higher leaf yield and quality. The leaf nutrient status provided may help chemist for correcting the soil status. Besides, an integration of mulberry intercropping with legumes and applications of neem and castor oil cakes, VA-mycorrhizal inoculation, biofertilizer and vermicompost are suggested as integrated nutrient management for sustainable sericulture industry. Based on the information described in this paper, a model needs to be framed for maintaining continuous supply of nutrients to obtain desired quantity and quality of mulberry leaf for successful silkworm cocoon crop and increasing overall silk productivity.

P. aeruginosa EMS1의 mutagen 처리를 통한 고기능 유화재 균주의 개발

  • Lee, Geun-Hui;Lee, O-Mi;Kim, Gi-Han;Cha, Mi-Seon;Son, Hong-Ju;Lee, Sang-Jun
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2001.11a
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    • pp.556-557
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    • 2001
  • This study was performed to improve the efficency of production of biosudactant which were produced by newly screened MNNGCN-Methyl-N-Nitro- Nitrosoguanidine) mutagenized P. aeruginosa EMS1. A culture grown exponentially for $30^{\circ}C$ in trypic soy brotb is adjusted to pH. MNNG is added and incubated in water bath shaker at about 250 ${\sim}$300rpm. After 20 min, is dilutecl into colded trypic soy broth and centrifugation. The cell pellet is resuspended in 50$m{\ell}$ of trypic soy broth. Cultures are grown at $30^{\circ}C$ overnight. cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-metbylene blue agar plate selected dark blue halo colony. Peanut oil, Castor oil, Olive oil, and so on were compared as carbon source of surface tension and emulsifying activity.

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Growth and Foliar Constituents of Mulberry ($M_5$) Cultivated under Organic Based Nutrient Management

  • Rashmi, Krishnegowda;Shankar, Maruvanahalli Ankegowda;Shashidhar, Kaluvarahalli Ramanna;Narayanaswamy, Talagavara Kempaiah
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.165-169
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    • 2009
  • A field experiment to evaluate the effect of application of different organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of leaf was studied during 2004-05 has showed that, the application of 10 kg each of Azospirillum brasilense and Aspergillus awamori+20% each of recommended N through compost+green manure (Glyricidia maculata)+castor cake+vermicompost+Urea and remaining P and K through fertilizers ($T_{11}$) has recorded significantly higher leaf yield (250 g/ plant and 34.70 tonnes/ha/yr, respectively) with improvement in growth characters as compared to control. Leaf quality status was also improved in terms of N (3.19%), P (1.97%), K (1.28%), total soluble protein (8.39 mg/ml), total soluble sugars (14.40 mg/ml), secondary nutrients viz., Ca (3.00%), Mg (0.60%), S (0.35%) and micronutrients viz., Cu (0.410 ppm), Mn (0.454 ppm) and Zn (0.112 ppm) contents. The mulberry grown with 20 tonnes of compost+300:120:120 Kg of NPK/ha/year through fertilizer ranked second for growth and foliar constituents.

Studies on the Efficacy of Combined Preparation of Crude Drugs(XVII) -Effects of ‘Bojungikgi-Tang’ on the Digestive System, Blood Pressure and Diuretic Actions- (생약(生藥) 복합(複合) 제제(製劑)의 약효(藥效) 연구(硏究)(제17보)(第17報) -보중익기탕(補中益氣湯)이 소화기계(消化器系), 혈압(血壓) 및 호흡(呼吸)에 대한 작용(作用)과 이뇨작용(利尿作用)에 미치는 영향(影響)-)

  • Hong, Nam-Doo;Chang, In-Kyu;Lee, Sang-Il;Kim, Nam-Jae
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.121-127
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    • 1984
  • Attempts were to investigate the effects of 'Bojungikgi-tang' on the digestive system, blood pressure and diuresis. The results showed that relaxing action was shown on the isolated ileum in mice and that strong antagonistic actions were seen on $BaCl_2$, acetylcholine and histamine-induced contraction of the ileum in mice and guinea-pigs that the relaxing effect of the intestinal smooth muscle was recognized. Inhibitory effects on transport rate in the small intestine of mice and castor oil-induced catharsis in mice were noted. Inhibitory action on the secretion of gastric juice, pH ascending effect and decreasing effect of the free acidity and total acidity were recognized. Continuous hypotensive action was seen, but when the vagus nerve was cut, hypotensive action was remarkably decreased. The diuretic effect was also recognized.

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Lymphatic Delivery of Oral Anticancer Tegafur by Emulsion Formulations

  • Lee, Yong-Bok;Koh, Ik-Bae
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.19-30
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    • 1993
  • The influence of emulsion type of tegafur, an oral anticancer agent, on lymphatic transport was studied in rats. The water-in-oil-type of emulsion and the oil-in-water-type emulsion of tegafur each in 50 mg, calculated in terms of tegafur, were prepared by adding tegafur aqueous solution to sesame oil containing hydrogenated castor oil following ultrasonic treatment, and then the prepared emulsions and aqueous solution as a comparative formulation were administered orally to rats (50 mg/5 ml/kg). The concentration levels of tegafur in plasma of femoral artery and lymph from thoracic duct cannula were measured simultaneously along a time course after administration and the pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated. At the same time, we examined the above described factors of 5-FU which is known as an active metabolite of tegafur. In comparison with tegafur solution, AUC and mean residence time of plasma tegafur were significantly increased in w/o-emulsion but significantly decreased in o/w-emulsion. Lymph flow rates were similar in both solution and w/o-emulsion but half in o/w-emulsion. Ratios between area under the lymph and plasma concentration time curves were always less than 1 reflecting the passive lymphatic delivery after oral administration of the prepared tegafur emulsions, but those to the 5-FU in the case of w/o-emulsion were more than 1. These results suggested that lymphatic delivery of tegafur by w/o-emulsion was more effective than that by o/w-emulsion due to its differences of formation ability of chylomicrons.

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Formulation and Pharmaceutical Properties of Mucoadhesive Film Containing Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate (구내염증 치료용 구강점막 필름제의 제제설계와 약제학적 성질)

  • Rhee, Gye-Ju;Lee, Duk-Keun;Sin, Kwang-Hyun;Park, Chong-Bum
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.127-136
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    • 1999
  • In order to eliminate demerits of conventional dosage forms, dipotassium glycyrrhizate was formulated as a slim mucoadhesive film type dosage form. The mucoadhesive drug layer gel containing dipotassium glycyrrhizate was prepared using $Noveon^{\circledR}$ AA-1, hydroxypropylcellulose-M, ethylcellulose N 100 and citric acid, and the protective layer gel by using ethylcellulose N 100, $Eudragit^{\circledR}$ RS and castor oil. The viscosity of drug layer gel of mucoadhesive film was enhanced as the increased amount of $Noveon^{\circledR}$ AA-1 or hydroxypropyl cellulose-M. The drug content was unifonnly $1160{\pm}14.6\;{\mu}g$, and was varied within 3.5%. The optimum film dosage form showed a good fluidity and malleability of drug layer, with 179 g of thickness, pH 5.7, 411 min of in vitro adhesion time and 172 g in gravity adhesive strength. The release time of drug from the mucoadhesive film was significantly shorter but was delayed when polymers such as ethylcellulose was added. From these results, the new mucoadhesive film may be effective for the treatment of aphthous stomatitis.

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Characterization of Natural Antiseptic System Utilized Propolis and Herb Essential Oil (프로폴리스와 허브에센셜오일을 이용한 천연방부제형의 특성)

  • Jeong, Noh-Hee;Shin, Kwang-Jun
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.99-108
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    • 2007
  • The cosmetic and toiletries are necessary health care & household for common life. However we need antiseptic which is effecting harmlessly to the human body. There are propolis, Lavender, Lemon, essential oil in the natural antiseptic materials. This work proceeded design Natural-antiseptic system with three materials as above-mentioned. Natural-antiseptic system was accomplished with propolis (2%), Lavender essential oil (0.3%), Lemon essential oil (0.3%) safety out of Polysorbate 20 (0.5%), Polysorbate 80 (0.5%), PEG (60) hydrogenated castor oil (0.45%), ethanol (5%). The antimicrobial test was experimented on E. coli and Bacillus stearothermophilus. In this antimicrobial test, we found that the effect of antisepsis against E. coli and Bacillus stearothermophilus with propolis 0.3%, Lavender essential oil 0.045% and Lemon essential oil 0.045% was improved. Therefore could expect Natural-antiseptic system product for moisturizing skin toner for face, nourishing essence and wet tissue for clean other things.

Investigation of the Interactions between Anionic Polymer and Nonionic Surfactant with Rheological and Surface Tension Measurements (유변학적 특성과 표면장력측정을 통한 음이온성 폴리머와 비이온성 계면활성제의 상호작용에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Jung-No;Kim, Dong-Joo;Koh, Ha-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.160-166
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    • 2007
  • The rheological properties and surface tensions of polymer solutions and polymer-surfactant mixed solutions were investigated. The polymers used in this study were a homopolymer of acrylic acid crosslinked with an allyl ether of pentaerythritol, an allyl ether of sucrose, or an allyl ether of propylene (CARBOMER), acylate/C10-30 alkyl acylate crosspolymer (AAAC), and ammonium acryloydimethyltaurate/VP copolymer (ADTV). A solubilizing agent PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-40) and an emulsifying agent polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (POLYSORBATE 60) made the micelles intervening between AAAC polymers, resulting in the increase of viscosity. However, HCO-40 made this behavior over the wider range of surfactant concentration than POLYSORBATE 60. From the view point of surface tensions in the same range of surfactant concentration, AAAC/HCO-40 solution showed the area of increasing surface tension with surfactant concentration in contrast to the AAAC/POLYSORBATE 60 solution showing no increasing area.