• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1303-1314
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to compare preferences of consumers between food items made from modified cassava flour and plain flour using sensory tests. This study is a qualitative research with an experimental approach and four food items, namely streamed brownies, cookies, fried mushrooms, and seasoning flour have been used for the study. Each of these food items are made from modified cassava flour and plain flour. Panelists wore blindfolds and tasted the food items except the seasoning flour. Based on the data analysis, the panelists have different preferences towards the four food items. The result of the paired Wilcoxon test showed that there is not any different preference in terms of taste of steamed brownies made from mocaf or plain flour, while there is a significant difference in terms of color, aroma, texture, and appearance between the steamed brownies made from mocaf and plain flour. Consumers decide to buy products made from mocaf because these products use local flour and are gluten-free. This article describes the customer's preference based on sensory analysis between products made from mocaf and ones made from plain flour. The result can be used as the basis for developing food items made from local flour and alternative food for customers allergic to gluten.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2014

In the current study, wheat flour was mixed with high quality cassava flour (HQCF) in several ratios: 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40, and used to prepare 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) cassava bread, respectively. 100% wheat bread was prepared as a control (100% wheat bread). Five bread samples were prepared per group. Antioxidant assays [i.e., 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging assay, reducing power assay] revealed that the bread samples had considerable antioxidant capacities. Substitution of wheat flour with HQCF at various concentrations resulted in dose dependent decreases in the mineral and protein contents of the resulting bread samples. The crude fiber content of the bread samples was minimal, while the carbohydrate content of the bread samples ranged from 43.86% to 48.64%. A 20% substitution of wheat flour with HQCF yielded bread samples with a general acceptability that was comparable to that of 100% wheat bread. The mean bacteria counts of the bread samples ranged from $2.0{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ to $1.4{\times}10^4CFU/mL$, while the fungal counts ranged from 0 CFU/mL to $3{\times}10^3CFU/mL$. There was a positive correlation between the DPPH antioxidant activities and the reducing powers of the bread samples ($R^2=0.871$) and a positive correlation between the DPPH antioxidant activities and the flavonoid contents of the bread samples ($R^2=0.487$). The higher microbial load of the NRCRI cassava bread samples indicates that these bread samples may have a shorter shelf life than the 100% wheat bread. The significant positive correlation between total flavonoid content and reducing power ($R^2=0.750$) suggests that the flavonoids present in the lipophilic fractions of the bread samples could be responsible for the reductive capacities of the bread samples.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2008

Two experiments were conducted to assess the effect of replacing a conventional concentrate with mixed cassava (Manihot esculenta) foliage and legume (Phaseolus calcaratus) foliage. In Exp. 1, three rumen fistulated crossbred cows were used for in sacco rumen degradability studies. In vitro gas production was also studied. In Exp. 2, 11 crossbred F2 heifers (Red Sindhi$\times$Holstein Friesian), with initial live weight of $129{\pm}6kg$ and aged six months, were allocated in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to evaluate a mixture (ratio 3:1) of cassava and legume foliage (CA-LE feed) as a protein source compared to a traditional concentrate feed (Control) in diets based on fresh elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and urea treated rice straw ad libitum. The Control feed was replaced by the CA-LE feed at levels of 0% (Control), 40% (CA-LE40), and 60% (CA-LE60) based on dry matter (DM). The in sacco degradation of CA-LE feed was higher than Control feed (p<0.05). After 48 h incubation the degradation of CA-LE feed and Control feed was 73% vs. 58% of DM and 83% vs. 65% of CP, respectively. The gas production of CA-LE feed was also significantly higher than of Control feed during the first 12 h of incubation. The results of the performance study (Exp. 2) showed that the level of CA-LE feed in the concentrate had no effect on total dry matter intake (p>0.05), but live weight gains (LWG) in CA-LE40 and CA-LE60 were significantly higher (551 and 609 g/d, respectively) than in the Control group (281 g/d). The intake of CP was higher (p<0.05) for the treatments CA-LE40 and CA-LE60 (556 and 590 g/d, respectively) compared to that of Control (458 g/d), while there was no significant difference in ME intake. The feed conversion ratio was 16.8, 9.0 and 7.9 kg DM/kg LWG in Control, CA-LE40 and CA-LE60, respectively. The feed cost of CA-LE40 and CA-LE60 corresponded to 43% and 35%, respectively, of the feed cost of Control feed. The best results were found when CA-LE feed replaced 60% of DM in Control feed and considerably decreased feed cost. It is concluded that feeding cassava foliage in combination with Phaseolus calcaratus legume as a protein supplement could be a potentially valuable strategy which leads to reduced feed costs and a more sustainable system in smallholder dairy production in Vietnam.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.977-982
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• 2008

유가의 급등과 화석 연료의 고갈, 환경 오염문제 등에 대비하기 위하여 대체 수송 연료로서의 바이오에탄올에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있으며, 이에 따라 바이오에탄올 생산비용 절감을 위한 연구가 매우 활발하다. 본 연구에서는 에탄올 생산성 향상을 위하여 Zymomonas mobilis의 에탄올 발효특성을 Saccharomyces cerevisiae와 비교하였다. 음료용 에탄올 생산균주로 오랫동안 사용되어 온 효모와 연료용 에탄올 생산균주로서의 Z. mobilis의 가능성을 검토한 바 최종 에탄올 생성 농도는 큰 차이가 없었으나, 에탄올 생성속도는 Z. mobilis가 S. cerevisiae에 비해 2배 이상 빨랐다. 에탄올 생산성을 비교해 보면 현미, 쌀보리, 카사바의 경우 Z. mobilis는 $2.19g/l{\cdot}h$, $2.60g/l{\cdot}h$, $3.12g/l{\cdot}h$인 반면 S. cerevisiae는 $0.68g/l{\cdot}h$, $1.03g/l{\cdot}h$, $1.28g/l{\cdot}h$ 이었다. 증류액 내의 불순물은 S. cerevisiae는 iso-amylalcohol이 Z. mobilis는 ethyl heptanoate 농도가 상대적으로 높았다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2011

다습한 열대지방에서 카사바는 중요한 식물자원이다. 수분함량(20, 25%)와 배럴온도(110, $130^{\circ}C$) 에 따른 압출성형 카사바전분의 물리적 특성(밀도, 팽화율, 비기계적 에너지, 색, 수분용해지수, 수분흡착지수)와 호화특성을 조사하였다. 카사바전분 압출성형공정에서 수분 투입량은 압출성형물의 비기계적 에너지 투입량, 비길이, 밀도에 유의적으로 영향을 미쳤으며(p<0.05) 직경팽화지수, 겉보기탄성계수와 절단강도에서 유의성을 보여주었다(p<0.1). 또한 수분투입량과 배럴온도의 상호관계에서 비기계적 에너지 투입량과 밀도(p<0.1), 비길이(p<0.05), 적색도(p<0.01)는 유의성을 나타내었다. 수분투입량이 증가함에 따라 밀도, 겉보기탄성계수, 절단강도, 저온최고점도, 구조파괴점도, 최종점도는 증가하였으며, 직경팽화지수와 비길이는 감소하였다. 카사바전분 압출성형공정에서 수분투입량과 배럴온도는 명도와 황색도, 수분용해지수, 수분흡착지수에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이 연구의 결과는 카사바 전분을 압출성형하여 사료와 식품을 개발하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.549-549
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• 2006

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVII)
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• pp.95-95
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• 2005

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.387-392
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• 1995

Though a variety of non-conventional feedstuffs have been successfully evaluated in research stations in Asian countries, there had been little adoption of these technologies at the small farm level. The methodology and results of three separate on-farm trials evaluation the possible use of some non-conventional feedstuffs in broiler diets under small farm conditions in Sri Lanka are reported in this paper. In all trials, the commercial mash, that in normally used in the farms, served as the control. In trials 1 and 2, 5 and 10% cassava leaf meal, respectively, was substituted (w/w) for the commercial mash and fed to broilers for six weeks. In trial 3, several non-conventional feedstuffs (cassava leaf meal, rubber seed meal, ipil ipil leaf meal and died poultry manure) were substituted (w/w) for the commercial mash at levels of 15-20%. The results demonstrated that these non-conventional feed resources can be used in broiler diets under small farm conditions, with no adverse effects on performance. The salient features of on-farm animal research are highlighted.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.276-280
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• 2008

동시당화발효 공정을 이용한 국내산 원료의 바이오 에탄올 생산성을 비교해 보았다. 먼저 바이오 에탄올 생산비를 절감하기 위해 에탄올 생산의 전처리 공정인 호화, 액화 공정의 최적조건을 탐색하였고 이를 바탕으로 각 원료별 에탄올 생산성을 알아보았다. 그 결과 각 원료별로 모두 다른 최적의 전처리 조건을 나타내었는데, 이는 원료에 따른 전분 입자의 구조 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 또한 에탄올 생산성에 있어서도 원료별로 많은 차이를 보였다. 옥수수의 경우 에탄올 전환 수율이 90.45%로 가장 높았고 발효속도 면에서는 절간고구마 가장 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 이는 대부분의 원료에서 전분함량이 높을수록 에탄올 생산량은 많았지만 발효 속도에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 보아 원료에 포함된 다른 조효소나 보조인자들이 영향을 미치는 것을 의미한다. 그러므로 고효율의 바이오 에탄올을 생성하기 위해서는 각 원료에 따른 특성 파악이 중요하며 발효에 영향을 미치는 요소들에 대하여 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.837-844
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• 2006

Four, lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned according to a $2{\times}2$ Factorial arrangement in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to study supplementation of urea level (U) at 2 and 4% and sodium dl-malate (M) at 10 and 20 g/hd/d in concentrate. The treatments were as follows U2M10, U2M20, U4M10 and U4M20, respectively. The cows were offered the treatment concentrate at a ratio to milk yield at 1:2.5 and urea-treated rice straw was fed ad libitum. The results have revealed that rumen fermentation and blood metabolites were similar for all treatments. The populations of protozoa and fungal zoospores were significantly different as affected by urea level and sodium dl-malate. In addition, the viable bacteria were similar for amylolytic and proteolytic bacteria. Cellulolytic bacteria were significantly affected by level of sodium dl-malate especially Selenomonas ruminantium and Megasphaera elsdenii while Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens was significantly affected by level of urea supplementation. In conclusion, the combined use of concentrate containing high level of cassava chip at 75% DM with urea at 4% in concentrate and sodium dl-malate at 20 g/hd/d with UTS as a roughage could improv rumen ecology and microbial protein synthesis efficiency in lactating dairy cows.