• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권11호
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• pp.366-370
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• 2018

Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important diseases that cause significant mortality and morbidity in young children. Data on TB transmission from an infected child are limited. Herein, we report a case of disseminated TB in a child and conducted a contact investigation among exposed individuals. Methods: A 4-year-old child without Bacille Calmette-$Gu{\acute{e}}rin$ vaccination was diagnosed as having culture-proven disseminated TB. The child initially presented with symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease, and nosocomial and kindergarten exposures were reported. The exposed individuals to the index case were divided into 3 groups, namely household, nosocomial, or kindergarten contacts. Evaluation was performed following the Korean guidelines for TB. Kindergarten contacts were further divided into close or casual contacts. Chest radiography and tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma-releasing assay were performed for the contacts. Results: We examined 327 individuals (3 household, 10 nosocomial, and 314 kindergarten contacts), of whom 18 (5.5%), the brother of the index patient, and 17 kindergarten children were diagnosed as having latent TB infection (LTBI). LTBI diagnosis was more frequent in the children who had close kindergarten contact with the index case (17.1% vs. 4.4%, P=0.007). None of the cases had active TB. Conclusion: This is the first reported case of TB transmission among young children from a pediatric patient with disseminated TB in Korea. TB should be emphasized as a possible cause of chronic diarrhea and failure to thrive in children. A national TB control policy has been actively applied to identify Korean children with LTBI.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.747-753
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• 2010

It follows in quality and sewage exclusion method of the investigation objective sector and the Combined Sewer Overflows which is suitable in regional characteristics and the confluence area against the rainfall initially a flow and the medulla and measurement - it analyzes the initial rainfall outflow possibility control plan which is suitable in the domestic actual condition and it proposes the monitor ring plan for the long-term flow and pollution load data accumulation. From the research which it sees the Infiltration water/Influent water and CSOs investigation it passes by the phase of hazard chain and Namwon right time 4 it does not hold reverse under selecting, Measurement it used the hazard automatic flow joint seal Sigma 910 machine and in case 15 minute interval of the I/I, it measured a flow at case 5, 15 minute standing of the CSOs. The water quality investigation for the water leakage investigation of the I/I and the sewage from the point which is identical with flow measurement during on-the-spot inspection duration against 6 items which include the BOD sampling and an analysis, when the rainfall analysis for CSOs fundamental investigation analyzed against 18 items which include the BOD sampling. Consequently, for the optimum interpretation invasion water / inflow water of the this investigation area day average the lowest flow - water quality assessment veterinarian optimum interpretation hazard average per day - lowest flow - it averages a medulla evaluation law department one lowest flow evaluation technique and it selects, it presentation collectively from here it gets, position result with base flow analysis of invasion water / inflow water.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.121-136
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• 2005

Most human-error case of accident database is written by various description and expression because accident database is produced by two or more person. And extracted information by searching of database varies in researcher's judgment criteria and the capability. Furthermore, much time and effort are required to examine manually information related to the human error from each accident case. Accordingly, it is difficult to explore objectively the accidents relevant to the human-error from the accident data base which is accumulated enormously. In this study, to solve these problems, it was developed an searchig method which is not influenced by researcher's judgment criteria and capability. For this, human-error keywords were extracted from a Japanese-English dictionary to examine objectively the accident case related to human-error in data base. This searching method by the human-error keywords can be applicable in most accident databases, although a database will be accumulated in future. Also, using the searching technique of this research, knowledge obtained by searching result can be compared with other research's results by the same method. Although the number of accident case increasese, searching results from database have the objectivity because it is not necessary to modify the based searching method or change the human-error keywords. However, as subject of future investigation, it would be necessary that the extension and investigation on human-error keywords improve and the technique to enhance searching accuracy would be modified.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 서비스센터에서 정비를 받고 출고한 날로부터 5일 후 터널 주행 중에 발생한 디젤승용차 화재 사례를 조사분석하였다. 조사분석한 결과, 배기구 내부에 흰색 이물질이 다량 부착되어 있었고, 배기관의 중간에 설치된 diesel particulate filter (DPF) 위쪽의 차열재가 용융 및 소실되어 있었고, DPF 위쪽의 차실 내부 금속재 바닥이 천공되어 금속재 바닥 위에 놓인 고무매트가 연소된 케이스이었다. 그리고 DPF 앞쪽의 배기관에는 과열흔적이 없고 DPF부터 배기구까지의 배기관에 과열흔적이 있는 특이점이 있었다. 이러한 특이점들은 DPF가 과열되고 DPF에서 발화된 경우에만 나타나므로 이 승용차화재는 DPF 내부 과열에 의해 발생한 것으로 분석할 수 있었다. 그리고 이 승용차화재조사를 통해 디젤승용차 화재원인조사 과정에서 배기구 내부에서 흰색 이물질이 확인되는 경우에는 DPF를 분리하여 DPF 내부의 손상을 조사하여 화재원인을 판정하여야 함을 알 수 있었다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.136-148
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• 2020

우리나라는 1978년부터 원자력발전소를 운영해왔으며 그에 따른 고준위방사성폐기물 발생이 누적되고 있다. 이를 안전하게 처분하기 위한 영구 처분시설이 시급한 실정이나 처분 부지를 선정하는 과정에서 광범위하고 정밀한 부지조사가 요구되기 때문에 장기간에 걸친 조사가 선행되어야한다. 이러한 부지조사는 단계별로 진행되는 것이 일반적이며 이 과정에서 다학제적 평가가 이루어진다. 본 논문에서는 부지조사 과정에서 요구되는 암반공학적 요소를 중점으로 사례조사를 수행하였다. 단계별로 고려되는 암반공학적 평가요소와 그 적용 사례를 정리하였으며 이 과정에서 수행된 해외 연구 사례를 조사하였다. 동시에 국내 연구현황을 정리하였고 부지조사와 관련된 향후 연구 계획을 간략히 보고하였다. 향후 연구를 통해 부지조사 시 참고할 수 있는 기반자료를 생산하고자 하며 본 논문에서 수집된 사례 역시 활용할 예정이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 2017년 20건의 화재가 발생한 냉동창고 화재사례중 발화원인의 판정에 다수의 의견이 존재하였던 사례에 대해 연구하였다. 연구 방법론은 NFPA 921 CODE에서 규정하고 있는 과학적 화재조사 방법이다. 과학적 화재조사 방법은 가설설정을 통한 논리적 추론에 의한 화재조사 방법으로 발화원인 판단에 오류를 최소화 시킨다. 반면에 비과학적 화재조사 방법은 발화원인의 판단에 주관적 추측, 추론적 판단 등의 비합리적 요소의 개입으로 많은 오류를 발생시킨다. 이는 결국 인적, 물적 책임의 문제 및 학문적 퇴보를 가져온다. 특히 목격된 화재(Sighted fire)에 비해 목격되지 않는 화재(Fire not seen)의 경우 원인조사에 있어서 더 많은 발화원인 의 오류를 만든다. 본 연구에서는 2017년 **시 **마트에서 발생한 냉동창고 정온전선의 화재사례에 대해 화재조사 보고서의 검토, 현장조사를 바탕으로한 가설A 와 가설B의 설정하였다. 설정된 가설은 NFPA 921 code 규정하고 있는 연역적 검정 방법중 실험으로 검정하였다. 이러한 분석방법은 향후 목격되지 않는 화재(Fire not seen) 및 원인 불명 화재의 발화원인 판단에 NEW Paradigm의 구축 할 것이다. 또한 본 연구의 실험 자료는 냉동창고 제조사 및 운영사에 통보, 화재 예방을 위한 기초 자료로 활용 될 것이다.

• 의료법학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.3-40
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• 2018

예전부터 일본에서 의료사고가 형사사건으로 취급되는 경우는 드물었다. 하지만 요코하마시립대학병원과 같은 중대한 의료과오가 발생한 이후 검사가 의료과오를 기소하는 태도를 보이고 있다. 의료사고는 의료관계자간 역할분담의 형태가 과실 인정에서 중요한 하나의 요소가 된다. 요코하마시립병원사건에서는 환자의 동일성확인에 관하여 의료관계자 사이에 역할분담이 확립되지 않은 경우에는 관계자 전원이 환자의 동일성을 확인하여야 할 의무가 있다고 하였다. 또 사이타마 의과대학병원사건에서는 치료에 신중할 필요가 있는 중대한 증례에 관해서는 그 증례를 담당하는 주치의 뿐 만 아니라 대학병원의 과장도 치료방침에 관하여 확인할 의무가 있다고 하였다. 현립 오오노병원사건에서 무죄판결이 내려진 이후는 형사소추에 신중을 기할 필요가 있다는 목소리가 강해지고 있다. 이러한 상황 속에서 후생노동성은 의료사고방지를 위해 의료사고조사제도를 도입하여 의료사고에 제3자기관에 의한 검증의 강화를 도모하고 있다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.306-314
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• 2017

Background: In order to obtain a deeper understanding of an incident, it needs to be investigated to "peel back the layers" and examine both immediate and underlying failures that contributed to the event itself. One of the key elements of an effective accident investigation is recording the scene for future reference. In recent years, however, there have been major advances in survey technology, which have provided the ability to capture scenes in three dimension to an unprecedented level of detail, using laser scanners. Methods: A case study involving a fatal incident was surveyed using three-dimensional laser scanning, and subsequently recreated through virtual and physical models. The created models were then utilized in both accident investigation and legal process, to explore the technologies used in this setting. Results: Benefits include explanation of the event and environment, incident reconstruction, preservation of evidence, reducing the need for site visits, and testing of theories. Drawbacks include limited technology within courtrooms, confusion caused by models, cost, and personal interpretation and acceptance in the data. Conclusion: Laser scanning surveys can be of considerable use in jury trials, for example, in case the location supports the use of a high-definition survey, or an object has to be altered after the accident and it has a specific influence on the case and needs to be recorded. However, consideration has to be made in its application and to ensure a fair trial, with emphasis being placed on the facts of the case and personal interpretation controlled.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.767-779
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• 2012

In case of executing surveys in marine ecosystems, the most important things are scientific selection measures of survey stations that can represent various ecosystems characteristics in subjected areas. The situations show a lot of differences that understand characteristics of marine ecosystems in targeted areas according to selection methods and positions in survey stations. Investigation ranges and station numbers in marine ecosystems are classified according to project characteristics and scales. But, currently a clear divisions or objective standards are not. Therefore, this study tried to provide selection measures of survey station in scientific and objective marine ecosystems through precise analysis among environmental impact statements of coastal development projects until now. In this study, impact scopes of marine ecosystems correspond to physical impact predictions by undertaking projects. Impact ranges were divided into three(physical impact ranges) coastal waters. In case of proposing numbers of survey stations according to this survey ranges, numbers of investigation stations due to minimum survey scopes in targeted projects applied 20~30% of all numbers in survey stations. Number of survey stations due to average investigation scopes within physical impact ranges applied 60~70% of all numbers in investigation stations. Numbers of survey stations due to maximum survey ranges within physical impact scopes applied 10~20% of all numbers in survey stations. So, improvement measures were deducted. Finally, according to prediction ranges in impact of various coastal development projects, several kinds of conclusions are suggested. And, it is thought to be able to use as fundamental database to select investigation stations in marine organisms through this study.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.12-29
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• 2023

Conceptual site model (CSM) development and enhancement for contaminated sites assists in identifying data gaps during the site investigation process. In this study, CSM was developed and enhanced for a contaminated site in Korea as a case study. Site Y was scrutinized four times previously. The site profiles for each scrutiny were reorganized based on the scrutiny reports, and the relevant data was utilized to develop and enhance CSMs. CSM for the first investigation was developed in various forms including table, flowchart, diagram, and narrative formats. CSM was enhanced in a stepwise manner by incorporating the updated profile information obtained in next investigation to existing CSM. The hypothetical data gap analysis between each investigation step was established to meet the purpose of the follow-up investigation. This case study showed that CSM is a useful tool to identify the history and current status of contaminated sites and thereby help in planning supplementary investigations for better site characterization.