• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.878-888
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• 1996

The main purpose of this study was getting related to the pain charactristic data of elderly. It contains past and present health status, daily living activity level, pain frequency, causes, pain area, pain intensity, pain worse causes, and pain releave causes, pain management methods. The subject were 79 elderly whose age were over 65 years old. They were lived in their home environment. Half of them were resident of middle range city at province and the others were Seoul city. The data was collected from Dec. 1st. 1995 to Jan. 30th. 1996. Interviews were held with semi-structured questionaire after pilot study by researchers. Pain measurement tool were used graphic rating scale and Abstract of Korean Pain Language Scale. To analize the subject's general characteristics, past and present health status, daily living activity level, characteristics about pain, pain management methods statistical SPSS for win frequency were employed. The findings were as follows ; 1. There were 33(41.8%) male and 46(58.2%) female Below 69 year old were 20(25.3%), 70-79 year old were 42(53.2%), over 80 year old were 17(21.5%), mean age was 74(from 65 to 89). 2. Buddhist were 24(30.4%), Christian were 29(36. 7%), the other religious status or non religians were 26 (32.9%). 3. Past good health status were 63(79.7%), not so good status were 6(7.6%). Present good health status were 19(24.1%), moderated health status were 6(7.6%), not so good status were 14(17.7%). 4. Daily living activity limitation were 39(49.4%), nonlimitation of activity were 5(6.3%). 5. Walking limitation were 3(3.8%), nonlimitation walking were 52(65,8%). 6. Insomnia was 23(29.1%), no difficult were 38(48.1%). 7. Chronic pain complaints were 64(81%), diseases causes of pain were 25(31.6%), bad health behavior causes of pain were 27(34.2%). 8. Most pain area were back 30(29.4%), leg 17(16.7%), knee 16(15.7%), arm 13(12.7%), teeth, chest and head were each 5(4.9%), loin, trunk were each 4(3.9%), the other areas were 3(3%). 9. Pain intensity was 3.49(mean) by Korean Language Scale, 6.59(mean) by graphic rating scale. Sensitive pain was 3.5(47.9%), affective pain was 3(20.8%) It was high pain level and sensitive pain. 10. Most pain worse causes moving was 35(44.3%), pain relieving causes rest was 29(36.7%), 11. Pain management method were medication 40(42.1%), physiotherapy 23(24.2%), hospital 12(12.6%), the others 7(7.4%), none 13(13.7%). The conclusion ; Present health status of eldery was not so good. Almost half of them have some diseases. Most common diseases of eldery were arthristis, respitatory and heart problems. Foully nine percent of elderly had limitation of daily living activities. Eighty one percent of eldely had chronic pain. Most of them was back pain (30%). Pain intensity was high(score over 3.5). The worsening pain causes was moving and releiving causes was rest. Pain management method were pain medication, physiotherapy. Therefore, Nursing care plan for the elderly have to focus on pain because majority of elderly have chronic high level of pain related to the arthritis.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.160-172
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• 1989

This research was done to clarify the factors related to sexual satifaction in women who have had a hysterectomy, and to idenify which factors had statistically significant influence of sexual satisfaction of the subjacts. The objective of this study was to identify the variables related to sexual adaptation which might be changed by nursing intervention. This was a cross-sectional descriptive correlation study. There were 230 subjects in the study, and they were selected by a convenient sampling method. The tool. for this study was developed by the researcher through modification of the Dergatis Sexual Function Inventory(DSFI). A pilot study was done to determine the necessary modifications. Data collection was done between Sept. 1987 and Du. 1987 using a mailed questionnaire. The characteristics of the subjects were as follows : The mean age of the subjects was 42.3 years and 204(87.4%) of the subjects had nine or more years of education. The mean income of the subjects was 85.8870 won / month, and 179(77%) of them were housewives. The mean number of pregnancies and children were 4.9 and 2.5 respectively. Oophorectomies were included in the surgery for 66(28.7%) of the subjects. Only 12(5.2%) were planning to have more children. Only 88(38.3%) of the subjects had received information prior to the surgery regarding health problems related to the operation and less than half, 111 (48.3%), had received this kind of information before discharge. Lay persons were the source of information about the post-operation status for 196 (85.2%) of the subjects, but the content of the information did not significantly influence the sexual satisfaction score. Only 16(7.0%) of the subjects said they regretted having a hysterctomy while 102(44.3%) said they were pleased to have had a hysterectomy. Ninety (39.1 %) of the subjects reported that their husbands had “stress” and 164(71.3%) of the subjects reported “stress”. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The mean score for sexual satisfaction of the subjects was 34.24 with a possible maximum score of 50.00. Eighty two(35.8%) were responded that they were satisfied with their sexual life but 61 (26.5%) were responded that they were dissatisfied with their sexual life 2. The following 15 factors extracted from the results of the data analysis were significantly related to sexual satisfaction(p＜.05) ; support of husband, body image, emotion, knowledge of sex, menopausal symptoms, sexual behavior, the feelings the subjects had about the hysterectomy, stress for both subject and husband, the number of children, health information given before operation, job, age, level of education and income. The five most important factors influencing sexual satisfaction were identified by using stepwise multiple regression analysis. The most important factor was support of husband, which explained 17.83% of the total variance. The remaining factors in order of significance were : Knowledge of sex, income, job, and emotional status. Those five factors explained 35.16% of the sexual satisfaction. In conclusion, for the care of women who are going to be discharged from hospital after having had a hysterctomy, nurses have to work with the husbands to help them to understand the importance of their support. Nurses also need to make sure that the subjects have an adequeate knowledge of sexual life after a hysterectomy. Also nursing interventions should focus on subjects who do not have a job, who are of low economic status, and the subjects who are under the unpleasant mood.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was designed to understand the oral health fact of high school students, search for an education method and learning goal appropriate for the subjects, and utilize them as basic data to think of effective solutions for oral health care. Methods: The samples to achieve the purpose of this research are composed of 386 students in J industrial high school, OO city, Kyounggido, the number of male students 286, and female students 100. Data were statistically analyzed by frequency analysis, cross tabulation by using SPSS WIN Ver. 12.0. Results: First, The answers in terms of oral symptoms were in the order of 31.8% for gum hurt and bleeding, 31.4% for pain in teeth by drinking or eating hot and cold drinks or food, 27.1% for broken or cracked teeth, 25.7% for aching and throbbing teeth, 20.6% for unpleasant mouth smell, and 5.7% for pain of tongue and soft oral tissues. Second, In terms of behavior for oral health, 88.4% answered that they consume cariogenic snacks, while 29.2% of them, 2.5% of male and 6.3% of female enjoy consuming them but hardly brush their teeth after consumption. Third, In terms of timing for brushing teeth, the results show that 50.0% do so before breakfast, 47.9% after breakfast, 15.2% after lunch, 36.9% after dinner, 65.5% before going to sleep, and 3.5% after consuming snacks, whereas 64.2% answered that they are not aware of fluorine mouthwash. Fourth, In terms of oral health condition. proportion of children with one or more caries in permanent teeth was 71.0%, while 51.4% have $2{\sim}3$ cariogenic teeth, and 16.8% have more than 4 cariogenic teeth. Considering sex, female students have somewhat higher ratio showing 68.5% for male and 78.0% for female, but the ratio was 53.1% for male and 46.7% for female in case of $2{\sim}3$ cariogenic teeth, and 17.5% for male and 15.8% for female in case of more than 4 cariogenic teeth. 9.3% of students turned out to have decayed teeth. Fifth, In terms of oral hygiene condition, only 7.9% of them had excellent condition, and 38.4% need to improve. More specifically, 41.1% of male students and 30.6% of female students need to improve their oral hygiene condition. Conclusions: The study results suggest that School Dental health programs increase and need to be community-incorporated and comprehensive from elementary to high school.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2010

우리나라 20세 이상 성인 37,108명을 대상으로 노동형태와 성별에 따른 이중적 문제를 동시에 가지고 있는 여성육체근로자의 건강수준과 의료 이용을 분석한 결과, 여성의 만성질환의 유병률이 남성보다 높고, 특히 여성 육체근로자의 만성질환 유병률, 미치료율, 건강행태가 남성보다 좋지 않게 분석되었다. 그리고 만성질환 유병률과 미치료율, 건강행태의 육체근로 여부별 차이는 남성에서보다 여성에서 더 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 의료이용에 대해서도 외래방문횟수에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 여성 육체근로자의 외래진료비가 여성 중에서 가장 적은 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 여성 육체근로자의 건강수준이 낮음에도 불구하고 적절한 의료이용을 하지 못하는 건강불평등상태에 있을 가능성을 보여주었다. 그러므로 건강불평등을 해소시키기 위해서는 육체근로자에 대한 정책적 배려 이외에도 여성 육체근로자에 대한 배려가 추가로 고려되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 그러나 이 연구는 노동형태별, 성별 차이를 분석함에 있어 연령이외에 건강수준과 의료이용에 영향을 미치는 다양한 환경적, 경제적, 사회적 요인들이 통제하지 못하였으며, 자료수의 한계로 만성질환의 의료이용과 일부 행태만을 분석하고 있고, 연구 자료의 수집연도가 오래되어, 연구 결과의 해석에 주의가 필요하다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2011

본 연구는 미취학 어린이를 대상으로 손씻기 교육 방법에 따른 미생물학적 변화를 모니터링한 연구이다. 연구는 3세에서 5세까지의 서울시 어린이집 어린이 10명을 대상으로 수행하였다. 미생물 분석은 손씻기 교육 전, 1주간 동영상 교육실시 후, 1주간 동영상 교육 및 손씻기 실습 교육병행 후로 분류하였다. 손씻기 교육 전 어린이들의 손에서는 일반세균, 진균, 대장균군 및 황색포도상구균이 검출되었다. 2주간 손씻기 동영상 교육과 실습교육을 연속적으로 실시한 결과 손씻기 교육에 따른 손 위생상태는 개선되었다. 결과 손씻기 교육은 취학 전 어린이를 대상으로 손씻기 교육을 반복적으로 수행할 경우 더욱 효과적일 것으로 생각된다. 특히 미취학 아동의 경우 평생 습관을 확립시키는 중요한 시기이므로, 언제, 어디서 손을 씻어야 하는가에 대한 구체적인 교육이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.138-157
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• 1996

Recently, there has been increase perception of health promotion with development of the economic state and science. Individual's responsibility and psychosocial factors have impacted on the individual's lifestyle. Health promotion can be maintained or improved through changes of lifestyle of individuals. Also, there has been supported results of health behavior health has been focused on menopausal symptom and reproductive organ. Until recently, little research has been available on the health or health care of midlife women. The purpose of this study was to explain relationship between health promoting lifestyle and hardiness, gender role characteristics. A total of 254 items of data were obtained from randomly selected subjects. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed using SPSS, yielding frequency, mean. t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation, Stepwise multiple regression. The result of this study are as follows : 1) For the health promoting lifestyle, the mean score was 116.3, the highest score was nutrition(3.30) and interpersonal support(2.86), the lowest score was exercise(1.68). The highest subscale for the hardiness was committment(2.44). Also for the gender role characteristics was higher than median score(37.8). 2) There was a statistically difference the demographic variables. A total health promotion lifestyle was predicted by income and marriage satisfaction, hardiness was predicted by education, income, marriage satisfaction, support person and gender role characteristics was predicted by education. 3) With regard to the relationship among health promoting lifestyle, hardiness, gender role characteristics, the correlation coefficient between health promoting lifestyle and hardiness was r=-.48, p<.001. Also there were significant correlation between health promoting lifestyle and gender role characteristics(r=.22, p<.01), hardiness and gender role characteristics(r=-.39, p<.001). 4) A stepwise multiple regression analysis was done on the total health promoting lifestyle score using the demographic variables, hardiness subscale and gender role characteristics for independent variables. A total of 25% of the variance was explained inthe total health promoting lifestyle by the control, challenge and marriage satisfaction. In conclusion, hardiness and gender role characteristics were engaged in health promoting activity in midlife women. This study also provides new information about the health practices that midlife women report they practice. Therefore, nursing intervention to increase women's health have to be planed program that consider on the basis the results of this study.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.418-428
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• 2015

본 연구는 뇌졸중에 영향을 미치는 요인과 매개효과를 파악하여 뇌졸중 질환자의 올바른 건강행태를 유도하고 이에 따른 뇌졸중 질환 예방의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 자료는 국민건강영양조사 4기 및 5기 데이터를 이용하였으며 분석방법은 빈도분석과 다중로지스틱회귀분석 및 구조방정식 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 남자의 경우 뇌졸중에 영향을 미치는 인구사회학적 특성으로는 연령, 직업, 주관적 건강상태, 음주, 고혈압과 당뇨병 유무 변수이었고, 여자의 경우는 연령, 직업, 주관적 건강상태, 스트레스 정도, 고혈압 유무이었다. 건강행태가 뇌졸중 여부에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 선행질환은 부분매개 모형과 완전매개 모형의 ${\chi}^2$ 값의 차이가 5.80으로 통계적으로 유의하여(p<0.01), 부분매개 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 뇌졸중 예방을 위해 잘못된 건강행태를 변화시키기 위한 예방적 건강 교육과 건강관리 네트워크를 강화할 수 있는 정책이 필요하며, 선행질환이 있는 경우 건강상태에 대한 장기적인 진단 및 지속적인 생활습관개선이 필요하다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.159-174
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide information searching for health promotion, nutrition improvement, and health care of the impaired elderly by ADL(Activity of Daily Living) and IADL(Instrumental Activity of Daily Living). The subjects were divided into the Assistant Needed Group and No Assistant Needed Group for living in line with the responses of ADL(10 items like dressing, washing, move etc.) and IADL(10 items like housekeeping, using transportation, shopping, Phone call etc.). Survey was made for health behavior, health risk habit, dietary management status and diet intake by 24 hr-recall and questionnaire method. 242 subjects were collected in 12 cities or Gun districts in Gyeonggi Province, S. Korea. Survey was carried out by regional home extension workers using interview method. Statistical analyses were made using SAS (Version 8.1). Chi-Square Tests and General Linear Models. The subjects of impaired ADL elderly was 26.5% and it composed 30% of the total male and 22.2% of the total female. The demographic status of the impaired ADL elderly showed no difference from that of the normal elders, elementary school educated (73.4%), with spouse (43.8%) or with adult children(37.5%), using monthly living cost of 500-1,000 thousand won(35.9%). Mean age was 74.05 years compared to 72.25 years of normal elders. However, there was no significant difference from the normal and impaired ADL group, regular exercise(60.0%), with walking (90.0%), no-smoke(54.7%) and no-drink(48.4%). Kind of disease was not different from the one in impaired and normal group, with cardiovascular disease(32.3%), with diabetes mellitus(8.1%), joint lumbago neuralgia(32.3%) and osteoporosis(9.7%). Gastrointestinal complaints of the impaired ADL group were nausea(57.8%), chronic indigestion (23.4%), constipation (14,0%) and vomiting(3.7%). Sleeping time required for the impaired was longer than that for the normal group by 10hours(4.7%) or 8-10hours(20.3%), which consisted 1.7% and 16.6% respectively. Nutrient intake of the impaired ADL group was low compared to normal range elders: Energy(1260kca1), Protein(52.75g). There was gender difference in nutrient intake; the male impaired group showed no significant difference from the normal group but it was significantly lower in female impaired group. These results suggest that low quality of life and low economic status of the impaired ADL elderly require congregate meal in village hall to cover the lack of side dishe variety. And nutrition education program including community assistance would be required for the impaired ADL elderly together with the sufficient food and exercise practice. By operating nutrition education program, the impaired ADL elderly would maintain more enhanced quality of life and ameliorate the ADL capability.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.129-150
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• 1999

This study was carried out to analyse a perception on acne for the Junior college students to provide basic data for the suitable treatment of acne to the students and the specialists. For this study, self-administering questionnaires were distributed to 480 students from 13 departments at a suburban women's junior college from May 1 to May 3, 1996. Of the students, 399 were responded and included in the analysis. The questionnaire includes the general question of objects, the question of knowledge and attitude of acne, and its treatment. The results were as follows: 1. Age distribution for the group less than 20 years was 63.7% and over 20 years was 36.3%, the group with acne was 66.2% and the group without acne was 33.8%. Proportions of acquiring the knowledge on acne was 49.6% from newspaper or magazine, 47.15 from friends, and 26.85 from TV or radio. 2. With regard to the knowledge on the presence of acne, a proportion of correctly answered for the question on the cause of acne was $3.41{\pm}1.02$ for the group with acne compared with $3.16{\pm}0.89$ for those without acne. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). 3. With regard to the knowledge levels on the treatment of acne, a proportion answered' skin-care center' for the question on where to select for the profer treatment was $13.21{\pm}1.88$ compared with $12.09{\pm}1.88$ for the other group. This difference was statistically significant (p〈0.05). A proportion of answered 'squeezing out acne by themselves' for the question of how to treat was $12.26{\pm}1.91$ compared with $10.83{\pm}1.25$ for the other group. 4. In the treatment according to the attitude of the group with acne, the positive group replied 'YES' in the intention of treatment by themselves was 55.9%. In conclusion, the differences in the knowledge and attitude on the presence of acne are not significant and it was found that the knowledge and attitude for the group with acne did not significantly influenced the treatment behavior. Accordingly, it is important to understand the cause of acne, provoking factors, remedy etc. For this, it is necessary to a provide an accurate information to professionals to enhance the knowledge of acne and to treat it properly.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-80
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• 2009

본 연구는 서울시 소재 D어린이집에서 만 4~5세 유아 3명을 대상으로 오르프 음악 활동을 통해 자기표현을 향상을 위한 연구를 실시하였다. 주 3회 총 14회기에 걸쳐 진행된 본 프로그램은 그룹 치료의 형태로 진행되었으며, 각 세션은 40분의 시간으로 이루어졌다. 사용된 기법으로는 오르프 음악활동의 매체를 활용한 말하기, 노래 부르기, 동작, 악기 연주 등의 활동을 시행하였으며 그 내용으로는 대상자들의 자기표현을 향상시키기 위한 신체 이완, 불안감소, 자아 존중감 향상, 자기표현 기술훈련 등의 활동이 제공되었다. 유아의 자기표현성 향상을 살펴보기 위해 단일집단 사전-사후 설계(one group pretest-posttest design)에 기초하여 14회 활동의 사전과 사후에 자기표현 척도 검사를 실시하여 점수를 비교 분석하였다. 또한 오르프 음악활동의 외부환경에서의 변화를 살펴보기 위하여 유아들의 자유놀이를 비디오로 녹화하고 오르프 음악 활동 사전과 음악활동 중간, 음악활동 사후에 교사 3인이 관찰하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 오르프 음악 활동 내의 상황에서 자기표현 언어 척도 점수를 확인한 결과 평균 6.7점 증가함으로 자기표현이 유의미하게 변화되었음을 확인할 수 있었고 둘째, 활동 상황 내의 비언어적 자기표현 행동이 유의미하게 증가하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었으며 셋째, 자유놀이 상황 내에 관찰된 자기표현 언어 척도 점수를 확인한 결과 평균 8점 증가함으로 자기표현이 유의미하게 변화되었음을 확인할 수 있었으며 넷째, 자유놀이 상황 내의 비언어적 자기표현 행동 관찰결과 얼굴표정, 신체접촉, 기타 영역에서 평균점수가 유의미한 증가를 보였다.