• 건축역사연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2013

Ikseon-Dong 166 is one of the traditional urban resident area developed during 1930's. The purpose of this research is to analyze the structural relationship between a conventional housing unit plans and modern block plans based on orthogonal geometry. To fully explore the selling point of the new urban development, the planner or real estate developer in private sector did not abandon or compromise the conventional house layouts, consists of single layer of rooms keeping the main room facing south. This study concludes the following factors connecting the urban and architectural plans. Oblong block plans following east-west direction did not allow the southern exposure of courtyard and main room, which was the absolute requirement for traditional house units, the longer side of block plan followed north-south direction as a result. Considering the possibility of rent, having entrance at the east or west side of individual site enables two separate household maintain their spatial privacy. In addition to the factors mentioned above, when the blocks are to be divided into individual addresses, north-south oblong block plans maintained the length to face the front road minimum while the southern exposure maximized. These factors explains why the private developers maintained their blocks elongated to north-south direction when the block plans laied out by public sectors which did not care that much of southern exposure show random orientation in the view point of solar exposure.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.5053-5058
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• 2015

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the commonest cancers among women all over the world. The association of cervical cancer with human papilloma virus (HPV) is well established. Knowledge about the causal relationship between HPV and cervical cancer is important to make appropriate, evidence-based health care choices. In this context we conducted a community based study among women about the knowledge, attitude and practice about HPV infections and their health effects. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional interview based house to house survey was conducted with a validated data collection tool covering sociodemographic factors, knowledge, attitude and practice about HPV and its health effects, among 1020 women from a rural village, Perdoor, in Udupi district, Karnataka, India in 2013-14. Results: The mean age of participants was 38.9 years (SD=12.6). Study participants showed a high literacy rate (85.7%). Only 2.4% of sexually exposed women had undergone Pap smear testing. Partners of 4.4%women had undergone circumcision and they belonged to the Muslim community. Male condom usage was reported by 26 women (2.6%). However, none of the participants had heard of HPV and its health effects. Conclusions: This community based study found complete ignorance about HPV among rural South Indian women in spite of a high literacy level.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2011

Since the cohousing idea, originated in Northern Europe, was introduced in the U.S. by architects Kathryn McCamant and Charles Durrett in the early 1980s, there are recently the largest number of cohousing communities and rapidly expanded in the U.S. So, it is necessary to appreciate the cohousing communities developed in U.S. In this study, we investigated the physical characteristics of cohousing and the methods of its residents' participation by means of a case study on cohousing communities in U.S. and suggested the future direction of the cohousing community. Also, this work could be exploited when the cohousing is introduced to Korea. At first, the general status and characteristics of U.S cohousing was explored using diverse sources such as literature, paper and Web site. And then, the direct visit survey was used to obtain the more exact and specific data about physical aspects and residents' participation in each community. We found that cohousing communities were mostly located in the urban and Rural area, which was founded in the 1990s, and new communities continue to be created in the U.S. Typically, the number of households is from 20 to 30 in one community. The land is generally owned by the community itself and its size is within 10 acres. Communities usually serve optional group meals in the common house at least two or five times a week. Each member's income is separated and the community members should take care of their common properties. The leader of community does not exist and most communities don't have the organization of community members. All cohousing communities use consensus as the basis for group decision-making.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.85-98
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• 1978

This study was designed to investigate the elderly people's attitude toward death for the purpose of identifying the issues needed in the planning of health management and care activities for the aged. The total number of subjects in this study was 354 elderly people who were accommodated in house for elderly people (185) and school for elderly people (169). The scale for the attitude toward death of aged persons as an instrument of this study was mainly constructed with reference to Schneidman's attitude questioners toward death modified of adjust the Korean cultural characteristics and attitudes concerning death. Theresultsofthisstudywereasfollows: - 1. Out of total 45.8% of the respondents consider that death is a natural phenomena and ending of life. The responses on the meaning of death appeared differently : non-religions (48.1%) and oriental religions (50.3%) consider death as a natural phenomena however western religions (47.4%) consider that death is God's call. This difference was statistically significant. (x$^2$= 56.6419. df = 10. p<0.01). Respondents with a spouses (52.4%) think death is a natural phenomena opposed to respondent without spouses (33.3%). This was statistically significant. (x$^2$= 14.7134. df= 5 p<0.05). 2. Respondents in the house for aged persons (51.9%) replied. They do not wanted death because it meant a separation from their family as compared to those from school for aged persons (26.0%). 57.9% responded that they want to be told when death is confronted. 3. 51.2% of the respondents replied that the main factor to influence their attitude toward concept of death was the dying of their friends & relatives. 79.9% of respondents expressed that wished to die. The main reason for dying was economic shortage (28.3%). 4. 70.1% of the respondents want their body to be hurried while only 1.1% of the respondents want to donate their body to a medical research. 5. Over two thirds of the respondents replied that they do not believe in a life in heaven or that they will be rebirth. 6. The questioners of this study stimulated 56.8% of the respondents to feel that they should spend the leu of their life more effectively and 15.5% of the respondents felt it gave them the opportunity to think about their death seriously.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.401-406
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• 2018

경찰청 생활안전국의 자료에 따르면 빈집 등에의 침입이 2013년부터 2016년까지 증가하였다. 이렇게 주거침입, 절도가 늘고 있다. 또한 검찰청 절도 통계자료에 따르면 2016년 총 203,573건의 절도범죄가 발생하였고 이중에 18.9%가 침입절도로 침입한 뒤에 절도를 한 것으로 나타났다. 이렇게 침입을 하여 절도를 하는 형태의 절도가 가장 많기 때문에 우리는 관리할 것이 많은 공장에 보안을 강화하기 위해 로드경비로봇 모델을 연구하게 되었다. 높은 곳까지 보안에 신경쓰기위해 드론까지 사용하여 지상을 관리하는 로봇과 협동하여 제어하는 로드경비로봇 모델을 제안하게 되었다. 로봇과 드론이 함께 움직이고 물체를 피해가는 자율주행 형태와 시간 간격을 체크하고 전력 부족 시에는 충전기에 다시 돌아와서 충전하는 형태의 모델이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.94-106
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to verify the use of Seo's Elderly Stress Scale (SESS), which was developed in 1996. Through the modified tool, it is possible to examine the stress of Korean elders and to contribute to the welfare of them. The subjects were 350 elders over 65 years old who live in Seoul, Kwang-Ju, Yang-Ju Gun Kyung-ki Do, Ui-Jong Bu, and Young-Am Kun, Jeun-Ra Nam Do. the data of 331 elders (94%) were analyzed. Data were collected between January and March in 1996 and analyzed using the SPSS Win 8.0. The result are as follows: 1. Items with low correlation with the total items were removed. So 27 items were removed and 37 items remained. This 37 items were death in the family and/or close friends, family member's behavior not meeting expectations, marriage of daughter, marriage of son, friction with daughter- in-law, argument among children, children refuse to live with parent, children leaving home, sex injury or accident, in frequest visits from children and grandchildren, providing care for your daughter or daughter-in-law post-partum, decrease in decision making and authority in home, Lunar new year and the harvest featival, house sitting, working in the house, performing a sacrificial rite, missed birthday, not living with the eldest son, decreased eyesight, decreased strength, decreased memory, sleep pattern changes, thoughts about death, loneliness, decreased hearing, change of dental condition, change in your diet or eating style, difficulty in self care, moving because of disease or aging, argument with friend or neighbour, travel, dealing with the procedure of heritage, loss of money or property, not enough pocket money, hearing on elderly neglect in television or radio, hope of going home and ignorant from others. 2. Overlapped items were discussed by colleagues and were modified. 'marriage of daughter' and 'marriage of son' were modified in 'marriage of children'. 'self injury or accidents' and 'family accidents' were modified in to self or family accidents. 3. Factor analysis was done in order to identify validity and three factors were obtained from the result. The first factor familial relation area, included 17 items. The second factor, physical area, included 9 items. The third factor, psycho-socio-economic area, included 9 items. Cronbach coefficient alpha for the 35 items was .923. 4. Pearson's correlation was .704 between SESS and SOS (Symptoms of Stress) in order to confirm construct validity. Based on the result, the following is suggested; 1. The modified SESS needs to be reverified with elder. 2. Korean elder's health promotion can be made by development of stress intervention which was accurately measured with SESS.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 1985

A survey of 113 children, aged 4 to 6 years, of the San Cheon a day care center, located in the upland, over populated, poor area of Seoul City, was conducted from July 28 to September 6, 1982, to investigate the dietary and nutritional status, and prevalence of parasitic inpection. House size was 10.1 Pyung; number of households per house, 3.1; number of family member per household, 4.8; and number of family members living together per room, 3.7; on the average. Only 49% of households possess own houses and the others live in the rented houses. About 40% of mothers were engaged income-producing activities within or outside of the home. Mean values of height, weight, arm circumference, girth of chest, and girth of head ranged from 98.4 to 102.2% of KIST mean. However, 13% of the subjects were assessed as undernutrition for 'weight for height'. Mean value of hemoglobin was $12.9{\pm}2.9\;g/dl$ and mean hematocrit value was $35.2{\pm}5.5%$; 17.9% of the subjects were proven to be anemic according to the criteria of the WHO. The positive prevalence of parasitic inpection was 3.3%, significantly lower than that observed in any other area, probably because of community parasitic control project. Intakes of energy and nutrients except thiamin and ascorbic acid were far below RDAs. Carbohydrates for energy provided 71. 2 to 73.8% of total energy intake; protein accounted 11.3 to 12.2%; fat provided 14.5 to 16.6%. Energy intake was divided among breakfast, lunch, evening meal and snack, on the average, in a percentage of 22.0; 23.4; 24.4; 30.2. There was significant correlation between pattern of food consumption and nutrient intakes. The nutrient intakes and quality of foods were highly correlated to the maternal factors, especially mother's educational level. The study suggested that development of nutrition guides for mother and children would be needed to improve nutritional status of those young children.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.258-276
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• 1998

This study was conducted to justify the "prescribed shelf life" currently used in Samsung Medical Center and give recommendations based on scientific data to adopt for safe and cost-effective storage times for sterile goods Since the early 1970's, predetermined expiration dating policy has been used in Korea on all in-house sterilized products like any other countries; six months for the supplies wrapped in polyethylene peel pouches and two weeks for the rest. Recently, however, the studies suggest that current standards for preserving the sterility can be changing. It looks like we unnecessarily have too-short expiration date of sterilized supplies, that is far from being cost effective. Certainly, this research is an exciting project, especially in Korea, and will be leading and contributing to the paradigm shift of the conservative concept of shelf life for sterile supplies in Korean healthcare facilities. The major goal of this study was placed on the measurement of the recontamination time in packs wrapped in all kinds of wrapping materials used in S.M.C and stored in various conditions for periods ranging from three months to six months, and then develop a practical standard of "shelf life" based on the analyzed data. Objectives: To measure and compare the recontamination time of sterile packs among wrapppers and storage conditions, and develop a practical standard for the shelf life and storage conditions of sterile products. Samples and Method: The sterile integrity was investigated of the total 1,440 sterile sample packs containing gauze strip($1.5cm{\times}0.5cm$) we prepared and wrapped in nine wrapping materials (randomized reprocessed linens, linens reprocessed 99 times, linens reprocessed 120 times, new kraft paper, used kraft paper, new nonwoven fabrics, 6-time reprocessed nonwoven fabrics, new polyethylene peel pouches, used polyethylene peel pouches), and stored in four locations(closed cabinet of one of the typical wards, open shelf of one of ICUs, open shelf of separate storage room in ER, open shelf in OR), for three to six months, respectively in 1998. Each type of packs were opened weekly and the gauze strips inoculated into Brewer's thioglycollate broth at $35^{\circ}C$ for seven days. Results: There was no growth found for any types of the pack and storage conditions studied. Discussion: This study was conducted in an attempt to identify the possibility of extending the current shelf life for sterile goods we use in a sense of cost effectiveness. The findings suggest that we could extend our expiration dates, that means we can save a lot of materials and personnel time meeded for resterilizing, outdating, recleaning, wrapping, and reshelving. Then it will initiate a great reform in the field of healthcare in Korea, and now we are looking forward to this valuable revolution. We are going to continue this study and take all steps need to apply this new concept to our practice, and then trying to extend to other hospitals.

• 한국노년학
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.1341-1359
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• 2009

본 연구는 급속한 사회 구조적 변화로 인해 노인에 대한 가족부양의 문제점이 대두되는 바, 가족부양 갈등의 양상을 박완서 소설을 중심으로 연구하고 사회의식 속에서 부양 의식이 어떤 형태로 나타나 있는가를 분석하는 것이 목적이다. 1970년대부터 2006년까지 지면을 통해 발표된 단편 92편을 읽고 그 중에서 노인부양 문제를 담고 있는 작품을 선정하였다. 노인의 가족부양 문제를 다루고 있는 작품은 <포말의 집>, <집 보기는 그렇게 끝났다>, <황혼>, <천변풍경>, <지 알고 내 알고 하늘이 알건만>, <오동의 숨은 소리여>, <환각의 나비>, <길고 재미없는 영화가 끝나갈 때>, <촛불 밝힌 식탁> 등으로 9편이다. 연구의 분석틀은 질적 연구방법 중 소설에 대한 내용분석이다. 분석단위는 소설 속의 노인부양 문제를 다루고 있는 문장으로 부양 문제를 다루는 서술이나 대화가 나오는 문장이 있으면 그것을 하나의 분석단위로 채택하였다. 작품 속의 주 부양자를 분석한 결과 다른 부양자의 도움없이 부부들이 건강하게 서로 도우며 함께 지내는 작품은 1개이고, 질병으로 배우자인 여성 노인의 부양을 받고 있는 작품도 1개, 배우자와 사별하고 딸의 부양을 받고 있는 작품은 2개, 며느리의 부양을 받고 있는 작품이 5개로 가장 많았다. 부부나 배우자 부양시는 자녀들과의 간접적인 갈등 양상이 드러났고, 딸의 부양시는 아들 자신의 정서적, 심리적 부양 갈등이 심했으며 며느리의 부양을 받고 있는 작품에서는 부양자와 피부양자 간의 갈등 요인이 가장 첨예하게 나타났다. 이같이 작품 속 노인부양 형태는 모두 가족부양이었다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out practicing the health promotion behaviors and the factors relating their health promotion behavior between high school students who live in dormitory and the one who live in their house. Method: This study was carried out by using with questionnaire answered by 1,572 students. Some students are from two academic high schools, and the others are from two girl's high schools in Northern Kyungpook Province from the 27th through 30th of June 2005. Among them, 1,562were included in final analysis. The collected data was analyzed through frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, chi-square test, t-test and multiple regression. The data was analyzed using a SPSS/win ver. 12.0. Results: Analysis showed that the total score of practicing health promotion behaviors was 115.1. In case of male students, the score for students in dormitory was 119.6 and the one attending school from house was 114.9(p<0.05). In case of female students, score for students in dormitory was 113.7, and the score for students who live in house was 114.7. According to the data from multiple regression of analysis which has the health promotion behavior practice as a subordinate variable, in male students' case the degree of health promotion behavior practice becomes type of live in a dormitory, high in proportion to their parents' interest in health, disease of student and family, perceived health status, and the perceived self efficacy and the perceived benefit of the health promotion behavior. As to the female students, their health behavior practice becomes level of family economics, high in proportion to their parents' interest in health, perceived health status, and the perceived self efficacy and the perceived benefit of the health promotion behavior. Conclusions: On consideration of above findings, through the systematic development of health education program, we induced to desirable direction for the changeable factors of actions to health promotion for the health. and through the connective guidelines between the school and the home, we have to adapt to effective health promotion program for the health management of the young boys and girls.