• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2012

Ginseng is one of the most widely used herbal medicines and is reported to have a wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological applications. Ginseng may also be potentially valuable in treating cardiovascular diseases. Research concerning cardiovascular disease is focusing on purified individual ginsenoside constituents of ginseng to reveal specific mechanisms instead of using whole ginseng extracts. The most commonly studied ginsenosides are $Rb_1$, $Rg_1$, $Rg_3$, $Rh_1$, Re, and Rd. The molecular mechanisms and medical applications of ginsenosides in the treatment of cardiovascular disease have attracted much attention and been the subject of numerous publications. Here, we review the current literature on the myriad pharmacological functions and the potential benefits of ginseng in this area. In vitro investigations using cell cultures and in vivo animal models have indicated ginseng's potential cardiovascular benefits through diverse mechanisms that include antioxidation, modifying vasomotor function, reducing platelet adhesion, influencing ion channels, altering autonomic neurotransmitters release, and improving lipid profiles. Some 40 ginsenosides have been identified. Each may have different effects in pharmacology and mechanisms due to their different chemical structures. This review also summarizes results of relevant clinical trials regarding the cardiovascular effects of ginseng, particularly in the management of hypertension and improving cardiovascular function.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.380-389
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• 2021

Metabolic syndrome (MS) refers to a clustering of at least three of the following medical conditions: high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein level, and high serum triglycerides. MS is related to a wide range of diseases which includes obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. There remains an ongoing need for improved treatment strategies for MS. The most important risk factors are dietary pattern, genetics, old age, lack of exercise, disrupted biology, medication usage, and excessive alcohol consumption, but pathophysiology of MS has not been completely identified. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) refers to steamed/dried ginseng, traditionally associated with beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-fatigue, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects. KRG has been often used in traditional medicine to treat multiple metabolic conditions. This paper summarizes the effects of KRG in MS and related diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on experimental research and clinical studies.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.76-78
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• 2012

MMP3 (Matrix metalloproteinase-3) is an important gene in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. It is also reported that the genotype of MMP3 could be a factor for disease conditions. So, SNP analysis is a prerequisite to study MMP3 related diseases. However, statistical data or analytical reports of this gene in the Korean population is not available. We have employed PCR and ARMS technique to amplify the position of Lys45Glu which is located within chromosome 11q22.3 and exon 2. Genomic DNA were extracted from 201 people. We found that, 17 individuals had the wild homozygote type (W/W, 8%), 98 individuals had the SNP homozygote type (S/S, 49%), 86 had the heterozygote type (W/S, 43%). This study should facilitate research on the cause of cardiovascular diseases due to polymorphisms in the MMP3 gene and to develop further therapy at the genetic level.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2001

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2019

The purpose is to investigate correlation of periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease among those living alone and living with family by using 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. According to general characteristics, cardiovascular diseases were found to be related to gender, education level of those living with family; and age and income level of elderly living alone. The oral health status, oral health patterns and cardiovascular disease distribution of both groups for the past year were examined. The relationship between cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease was related to hypertension only in the living with family. Cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease are the most common diseases so considering the two diseases together is necessary to check the health status in the future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.463-474
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• 2016

Purpose: For cardiovascular patients, family caregivers play a vital role in daily nursing and cardiac emergencies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of patient-centered CPR education (PCE) for family caregivers of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Fifty-four participants were randomly assigned to the PCE or control group. The PCE group received tailored counseling on overall cardiovascular disease information and CPR followed by interactive instructor-guided CPR training and re-education follow-up by telephone 2 weeks later. The control group received only video-based CPR self-education and booklets. Cardiovascular disease and CPR knowledge and self-efficacy were measured before (pre-test), immediately after (post-test 1), and 4 weeks after the PCE (post-test 2). CPR skills and performance were measured pre-test and at post-test1. Results: The PCE group demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge (F=91.09, p<.001), self-efficacy (F=15.19, p<.001) and CPR skills and performance (F=8.10, p=.008), as well as significant differences over time (knowledge: F=364.25, p<.001; self-efficacy: F=1162.28, p<.001; CPR skills and performance: F=1798.81, p<.001). There were significant group-by-time interactions for knowledge (F=8.10, p=.001), self-efficacy (F=4.30, p =.019) and CPR skills and performance (F=4.81, p=.036) by repeated measures ANOVA. Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate the effects of a patient-centered intervention with CPR education tailored for patients' and family caregivers' preferences, needs, and lifestyles. The results of this study encourage the use of tailored, patient-centered interventions in cardiovascular nursing practice.

• Korean Security Journal
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• 제27호
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• pp.31-49
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• 2011

The subjects consisted of 60 healthy men who absence of cardiopulmonary diseases, orthopedic diseases, and metabolic diseases. The difference of physical fitness, body composition, cardiovascular risk factors, and psychological characteristics for security guards' working type were examined using one-way ANOVA through SPSS 12.0 version and was treated for the post hoc test when the difference appeared significantly. According to the result, first, there were higher level for the physical fitness according to the security guards' position and it increases body composition and cardiovascular risk factors from higher position. Second, physical fitness level is higher, body composition and cardiovascular risk factors is lower in the security guards for the field service than the security guards on inside duty according to the security guards' working type. Third, it decreases body composition and cardiovascular risk level when the physical fitness level is getting increase for the security guards. In conclusion, it needs to have a physical activity with aerobic system for the security guards of leading members and inside service to decrease the overweight or obesity and cardiovascular risk level.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제87권3호
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• pp.261-281
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• 2024

Cardiovascular comorbidity is common in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This factor interferes with pharmacological treatment. The use of β-blockers has been proposed for their known cardioprotective effects. However, due to their adverse reactions, and the risk of causing bronchospasm, there is reluctance to use them. To summarize existing evidence on the effects of β-blocker use in COPD associated with cardiovascular comorbidities in relation to disease severity, exacerbation, and mortality outcomes. EMBASE, Medline, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct databases were used. Observational studies that evaluated the effects of β-blockers on individuals with COPD and cardiovascular comorbidities, and related disease severity, exacerbations, or mortality outcomes were included. Studies that did not present important information about the sample and pharmacological treatment were excluded. Twenty studies were included. Relevance to patient care and clinical practice: The use of β-blockers in individuals with COPD and cardiovascular disease caused positive effects on mortality and exacerbations outcomes, compared with the results of individuals who did not use them. The severity of the disease caused a slight change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second. The odds ratio for mortality was 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39 to 0.63; p<0.00001), and for exacerbations, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.62 to 0.92; p=0.005), being favorable to the group that used β-blockers. Further studies are needed to study the effect of using a specific β-blocker in COPD associated with a specific cardiovascular comorbidity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.870-880
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• 1991

One hundred eleven cases of open heart surgery had been performed at the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in College of Medicine Hallym Univ. from November 28, 1984 to August, 1991. There were 68 cases of congenital heart disease and 43 cases of acquired heart disease. Among the 68 cases of congenital heart diseases, 65 cases of acyanotic group and 3 cases of cyanotic group were noted. The majority of acquired heart diseases were valvular heart disease. The congenital heart disease consisted of 33 ASD, 27 VSD, 6 PS, 3 TOF. The sex ratio of congenital and acquired heart diseases was represented as 1.4: 1 and 1; 1.4 respectively. The age distribution of congenital heart diseases ranged from 11 months to 50 years old and that of acquired heart diseases from 15 to 61 years old. The overall operation mortality was 1 case[0.9%].

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2014

Ginseng is widely used for its promising healing and restorative properties as well as for its possible tonic effect in traditional medicine. Nowadays, many studies focus on purified individual ginsenoside, an important constituent in ginseng, and study its specific mechanism of action instead of whole-plant extracts on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Of the various ginsenosides, purified ginsenosides such as Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, Rh1, Re, and Rd are the most frequently studied. Although there are many reports on the molecular mechanisms and medical applications of ginsenosides in the treatment of CVDs, many concerns exist in their application. This review discusses current works on the countless pharmacological functions and the potential benefits of ginseng in the area of CVDs. Results: Both in vitro and in vivo results indicate that ginseng has potentially positive effects on heart disease through its various properties including antioxidation, reduced platelet adhesion, vasomotor regulation, improving lipid profiles, and influencing various ion channels. To date, approximately 40 ginsenosides have been identified, and each has a different mechanism of action owing to the differences in chemical structure. This review aims to present comprehensive information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of ginseng, especially in the control of hypertension and cardiovascular function. In addition, the review also provides an insight into the opportunities for future research and development on the biological activities of ginseng.