• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1391-1400
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• 2018

Angelica tenuissima root has historically been used as a traditional medicine in Korea. Previous studies have identified the anti-melanogenic effects of the extract of A. tenuissima root fermented by Aspergillus oryzae (FAT). This study investigated the protective effects of FAT against ultraviolet light B exposure (UVB; $30mJ/cm^2$) in HaCaT (human keratinocyte) or Hs68 (human foreskin fibroblast) skin cells. FAT treatment was able to stimulate wound healing rate at the basal condition. FAT also favored the maintenance and/or improvement of extracellular matrix impairment caused by UVB irradiation through: 1) upregulation of procollagen Type-1 synthesis and secretion; 2) suppression of MMP-1 and elastase expression. FAT was able to play a role in the attenuation of inflammatory responses caused by UVB irradiation via upregulation of photo-protective hemeoxygease-1 and suppression of proinflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 expression. After further verification of the anti-photoaging potential of FAT, it could be utilized as an effective ingredient in anti-aging and anti-wrinkle cosmetics.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.96-100
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• 2019

Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is common, although not so well-known variant of cardiovascular autonomic disorder characterized by an excessive heart rate increase on standing. POTS is probably underdiagnosed due to the heterogeneity in both presentation and etiology. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and autonomic features in patients with POTS. We reviewed the medical records of patients with POTS. Medical records include onset age, sex, presenting symptoms, body mass index (BMI) and prognosis. All patients had an autonomic function and laboratory tests. Ninety-nine patients met the inclusion criteria for POTS (51.5% male; mean±SD age, 20.0±9.7 years; mean±SD, BMI 21.9±3.9). Common presenting symptoms were a brief loss of consciousness, dizziness, blurred vision and headache. Autonomic function tests showed abnormal quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing in 20 patients of 99 POTS patients. The abnormal post-ganglionic sympathetic sudomotor function is generally considered to reflect a neuropathic form of POTS. In treatments, 83 patients were treated by non-pharmacological management including lifestyle changes and 16 patients required the initiation of pharmacological therapies. Most patients with POTS showed a relatively favorable prognosis. POTS is a chronic disease with a substantial subset of patients recovering within a few years after the initial presentation. Future efforts should focus on better understanding of POTS pathophysiology and designing randomized controlled trials for the selection of more effective therapy.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-41
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• 2011

The discovery of microRNA (miRNA) is one of the major scientific breakthroughs in recent years and has revolutionized current cell biology and medical science. miRNAs are small (19~25nt) noncoding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for degradation of translation repression. Genetic ablation of the miRNA machinery, as well as loss or degradation of certain individual miRNAs, severely compromises immune development and response, and can lead to immune disorders. Several sophisticated regulatory mechanisms are used to maintain immune homeostasis. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance, preventing autoimmune diseases and limiting chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent publications have provided compelling evidence that miRNAs are highly expressed in Treg cells, that the expression of Foxp3 is controlled by miRNAs and that a range of miRNAs are involved in the regulation of immunity. A large number of studies have reported links between alterations of miRNA homeostasis and pathological conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, as well as psychiatric and neurological diseases. Although it is still unclear how miRNA controls Treg cell development and function, recent studies certainly indicate that this topic will be the subject of further research. The specific circulating miRNA species may also be useful for the diagnosis, classification, prognosis of diseases and prediction of the therapeutic response. An explosive literature has focussed on the role of miRNA. In this review, I briefly summarize the current studies about the role of miRNAs in Treg cells and in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune response. I also review the explosive current studies about clinical application of miRNA.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.402-408
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• 1999

흉선 유암종은 전중격동 종양의 2.5-4%를 차지하는 매우 드문 종양으로 1972년 Rosai와 Higa에 의해 처음 기술되었다. 흉선 유암종은 악성의 임상경과, 조직학적 소견 및 불량한 예후등이 흉선암과 구별되며, 병리학적 진단은 광학 현미경 소견과 조직 생화학 검사 및 전자현미경 소견에 바탕을 둔다. 이 종양은 국소 침범과 다발성 전이가 흔하며, 종양의 절제와 방사선 조사를 치료의 근간으로 한다. 국내에서는 1983년 이 등이 보고한 이례 총 8예가 보고되었으나, 골수를 포함한 다발성 전이는 없었다. 저자들은 이화여자대학교 의과대학 부속병원 내과에서 62세의 남자에서 골수침범 및 폐, 늑막, 심낭, 복부대동맥 주위 임파절 및 피하 임파절 전이로 악성경과를 나타낸 흉선 유암종 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 아울러 보고하는 바이다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.195-204
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop cardiovascular health related percent body-fat standards that may be applied to epidemiologic investigations of the prevalence and incidence of obesity in adolescents, pediatric health screenings, and youth fitness tests. The subjects included 102 males and 80 females aged 19～22years. All subject were Honam University Students Total body fat was derived from body density which was estimated from age and the triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness measured with Lang calipers to the nearst l.0mm. Serum total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol fraction(HDL-CLDL-C) were measured from blood obtained from fore arm vein after blood pressure measurement. In analyses to determine critical fat levels associated with elevated CDD(Chronic Degenerative Disease) risk factors;male and female were grouped by level of percent fat as follows: male, 〈 10%, 10-14.9%, 15-19.9%, 20-24.9%, and $\geq$ 25%;female, 〈 20%, 20-24.9%, 25-29.9%, 30-34.9%, and $\geq$ 35%. As the results of the data, the conclusions were as follows: 1. A dose respones effect was observed between blood pressure and percent body fat in males and females; in contrast, total cholesterol and lipoprotein ratios were relatively independant of percent fat among the lower four fatness group in males and the lower three fatness groups in females. 2. The percentage of subjects in the uppermost quintile for S-Bp, D-Bp, TC, LDL/H was significantly(P〈.05) greater than expected by change alone(20%) in males with $\geq$ 25% fat and in females with $\geq$ 30% fat females with $\geq$35% had even greater representation in the uppermost quintile of all CDD risk factors compared to females with 30-34.9% fat.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.129-143
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify prevalence and related factors of the elderly, who took health examination, with metabolic syndrome. Methods: The health examination and lifestyle survey were performed for 21,512 adults at 60 years of age or older who took health examination in H health promotion center during January-March 2009. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome for the subject was 24.0%. Of the subject with metabolic syndrome, the prevalence of the diseases was obesity 60%, abdominal obesity 78.5%, hypertension 82.6%, dyslipidemia 89.7% and diabetes 51.9%. In comparison of the relationship between metabolic syndrome and other diseases, the male subject with metabolic syndrome were significantly higher in BMI, waist circumference, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, AST, ALT, $\gamma$-GTP, TG, AC glucose, creatinine than normal male(p<0.001). In comparison of the relationship between metabolic syndrome and lifestyle, more drinking frequency and amount in male and more drinking frequency in female were associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome(p<0.01). Regardless of exercise intensity, practice of exercise contributed to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome(p<0.01). Conclusion: In conclusion, TLC program, focused on lifestyle behaviors which is strongly associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, should be developed for the improvement of life quality in the elderly with metabolic syndrome.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2014

Metabolic syndrome (METS) is a disorder of energy utilization and storage and increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. To identify the genetic risk factors of METS, we carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for 2,657 cases and 5,917 controls in Korean populations. As a result, we could identify 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with genome-wide significance level p-values (< $5{\times}10^{-8}$), 8 SNPs with genome-wide suggestive p-values ($5{\times}10^{-8}{\leq}$ p < $1{\times}10^{-5}$), and 2 SNPs of more functional variants with borderline p-values ($5{\times}10^{-5}{\leq}$ p < $1{\times}10^{-4}$). On the other hand, the multiple correction criteria of conventional GWASs exclude false-positive loci, but simultaneously, they discard many true-positive loci. To reconsider the discarded true-positive loci, we attempted to include the functional variants (nonsynonymous SNPs [nsSNPs] and expression quantitative trait loci [eQTL]) among the top 5,000 SNPs based on the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genotypic variance. In total, 159 eQTLs and 18 nsSNPs were presented in the top 5,000 SNPs. Although they should be replicated in other independent populations, 6 eQTLs and 2 nsSNP loci were located in the molecular pathways of LPL, APOA5, and CHRM2, which were the significant or suggestive loci in the METS GWAS. Conclusively, our approach using the conventional GWAS, reconsidering functional variants and pathway-based interpretation, suggests a useful method to understand the GWAS results of complex traits and can be expanded in other genomewide association studies.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2001

Microalbuminuria is a strong predictor of diabetic nephropathy and is also associated with increased mortality in people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) patients. Improved glycemic control and dietary protein restriction are recommended to retard and avoid developing microalbuminuria. The purpose of this study was to measure the dietary counseling effects for diabetes mellitus patients with microalbuminuria. To investigate the effects of the dietary counseling effect, thirty NIDDM patients with microalbuminuria were selected from outpatient diabetic clinic of Seoul National University Hospital for this study. None of them had evidence of renal and heart complications. For 24 weeks, they received individualized dietary counseling 3 times. The results of this study can be summarized as follows 1) Dietary protein and calorie intake decreased significantly from 79.8$\pm$29.9g/d to 66.6$\pm$16.5g/d, from 1845.4$\pm$631.9kcal to 1515.7$\pm$392.7kcal after dietary counseling, respectively (p<0.05). 2)The glycosylate hemoglobin level showed significantly decreased after dietary counseling(p<0.05). However there were no change in lipid profiles and blood pressure after counseling. 3) There was a significant correlation between the duration of disease and the amount of microalbuminuria. Any other cardiovascular risk factors, such as duration of diabetes, total cholesterol level and systolic blood pressure were not correlated with microalbuminuria. These results shown that dietary counseling can be used as an effective therapy to control blood sugar levels for NIDDM patients who are poorly controlled with microalbuminuria.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.378-385
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• 1999

A reduced NaCl intake for the general population of the world has been recommended to reduce the overall blood pressure level and hence to reduce the overall incidence of cardiovascular disease. A high NaCl diet convincingly contributes to elevated arterial pressure in humans and animal models of hypertension. Among individuals there is considerable variability of blood pressure responsiveness to NaCl intake. In normotensive as well as hypertensive subjects, blood pressure can be judged to be salt sensitivity (SS) when observed to vary directly and substantially with the net intake of NaCl. The prevalence of SS in normotensive adults in the U.S. ranges from 15% to 42% and in hypertensive adults from 28% to 74%. SS is a risk factor for hypertension and may be an important marker in the identification of children for hypertension prevention programs. High NaCl intakes produce expansion of the extracellular fluid volume and thus increase blood pressure. Nonchloride salts of sodium does not expand the extracellular fluid volume and does not alter blood pressure. Blood pressure response to NaCl may be modified by other components of the diet. Low dietary intakes of potassium or calcium augment NaCl-induced increases of blood pressure. Conversely, high dietary intakes of potassium or calcium attenuate NaCl-induced hypertension. A greater intakes of potassium or calcium may prevent or delay the occurrence of hypertension. SS occurs when dietary potassium is even marginally deficient but is dose-dependently suppressed when dietary potassium is increased within its normal range. Orally administered KHCO$_3$, abundant in fruits and vegetates, but not KCl has a calcium-retaining effect which may contributed to its reversal of pressor effect of dietary NaCl. Since nutrients other than NaCl also affect blood pressure levels, a reduced NaCl intake should be only one component of a nutritional strategy to lower blood pressure.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.80-88
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• 1999

Hypercholesterolemia is a well known major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, now the leading cause of death in Korea. This study was carried out to examine the relationships of hypercholesterolemia(HC$\geq$240 mg/dL) with obesity, blood pressure and blood glucose level in 649 male subjects aged 20-69 in Kwangju, Korea. The mean plasma total cholesterol level was 212${\pm}$43 mg/dL, and 25.3% of the subjects was diagnosed as HC and 39.3% as nomorcholesterolemia(NC〈200 mg/dL). The prevalence of HC seemed to increase with age. The subjects with HC were highly overweighted and had higher body mass index(BMI) than the NC subjects. The incidence of overweight(25$\leq$BMI〈30) and obesity(BMI$\geq$30) among the HC subjects were 44.5%, and 1.8%, respectively. The HC subjects had higher systolic(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) than the NC subjects. The incidence of borderline hypertension (160/95〉SBP/DBP$\geq$140/90) and hypertension(SBP/DBP$\geq$160/95) among the HC subjects were 18.3%, and 9.1%, respectively. However, there was no difference in blood glucose level between the HC and NC subjects. The plasma total cholesterol level had positive relationships with BMI(P〈0.001), weight(P〈0.001), DBP(P〈0.001), SBP(P〈0.01), and age(P〈0.01), whereas inverse relationships with height/weight ratio(P〈0.001), and height(P〈0.01). The relative risks on HC were 1.99 for obesity, 1.53 for overweight, 1.82 for hypertension, 1.44 for borderline hypertension and 1.08 for hyperglycemia. Attributable risks on HC were 0.25 for obesity, 0.11 for overweight, 0.20 for hypertension, 0.10 for borderline hypertension and 0.02 for hyperglycemia. The results indicate that the level of plasma total cholesterol was closely associated with the incidences of obesity and hypertension. (Korean J of Human Ecology 2(1) : 80-88, 1999)