• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.517-524
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• 2022

Over production of methylglyoxal (MGO) a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, has been associated in progressive diabetes with vascular complication. Therefore, we investigated whether hot water extract of Loliolus beka meat (LBM-HWE) presents a preserve effect against MGO-induced cellular damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The LBM-HWE extract showed to inhibit MGO-induced cytotoxicity. Additionally, the LBM-HWE reduced mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduced MGO-induced advanced glycation end product (AGEs) formation. Furthermore, LBM-HWE induced glyoxalase-1 mRNA expression and reduced MGO-induced carbonyl protein formation in HUVECs. The results implicate that LBM-HWE has protective ability against MGO-induced HUVECs toxicity by preventing AGEs formation. In conclusion, LBM-HWE could be used as a potential treatment material for the prevention of vascular complications of diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.15-19
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• 2024

1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) is a versatile reagent that can be used for synthesizing a variety of organic compounds containing carbonyl functional groups. The reactivity of CDI with two ortho-substituted anilines was tested and characterized with analytic techniques such as NMR, IR, and ESIMS. A reaction of CDI with two equivalents of disubstituted aniline (N¹,N¹-diethylbenzene-1,2-diamine) formed a urea compound, 1,3-bis(2-(diethylamino)phenyl)urea (1). On the other hand, a reaction with one equivalent of mono-substituted aniline (tert-butyl (2-aminophenyl)carbamate) formed a substituted benzimidazolone, tert-butyl 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate (2). These results demonstrated that a singly substituted aniline prefers an intramolecular ring formation while an N,N-doubly-substituted aniline prefers a urea formation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.759-763
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• 1998

In connection with the development of new anticonvulsant agents with a broad spectrum, we found that N-Cbz-alpha-amino-alkylsuccinimides showed significant anticonvulsant activities, and the pharmacological activities of these compounds were dependent on their stereochemistry and N-substituted alkyl group. These results prompted us to define the effects of other functional group on the anticonvulsant activities of these compounds. Therefore a series of N-alkoxycarbonyl-alpha-amino-N-methylsuccinimide were prepared from N-Cbz-aspartic acid and were evaluated with their anticonvulsant activities againt the MES and PTZ tests, in order to define the effect of N-substituted alkoxy carbonyl group with the anticonvulsant activities. From these studies, it was found that all the tested N-alkoxycarbonyl-alpha-amino-N-methylsuccinimides exhibited significant anticonvulsant activities in the PTZ test and were not active in the MES test. The most active compound in the PTZ test was (S) N-ethoxycarbonyl-alpha-amino-N-methyl-succinimide. We found that the pharmacological activities in the PTZ test were dependent on their N-alkoxycarbonyl groups. They follow as such: The order of anticonvulsant activities for (R) series as evaluated by $ED_{50}$ was N-phenoxycarbonyl=N-4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl > N-ethoxycarbonyl > N-allyloxycarbonyl > N-tert. butoxycarbonyl compound: For the (S) series N-ethoxycarbonyl > N-phenoxycarbonyl > N-allyloxycarbonyl compound. From the above results, it was conceivable that N-substituted alkoxycarbonyl group had certain effects on the anticonvulsant activities of N-alkoxycarbonyl-${\alpha}$-amino-N-methylsuccinimides.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.143-152
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• 1997

The decayed wood by Fomes pini (Thore) Lloyd required a smaller H factor than the sound wood for pulping to permanganate number 20. The H factors for the decayed wood pulping by the kraft and soda processes were reduced by 15% and 17%, respectively, in the presence of 1% anthraquinone. The wood components degraded by fungi are normally more readily solubilized in alkali than the corresponding components in sound wood. The nonphenolic ${\beta}$-O-4 type lignin model compound, veratrylglycerol-${\beta}$-guaiacyl ether(I), and phenolic model compound, syringylglycerol-${\beta}$-syringyl ether(III), were degraded by the white-rot fungi to yield ${\alpha}$-guaiacoxy-${\beta}$-hydroxypropioveratrone(II) from the former and ${\alpha}$-syringyloxy-${\beta}$-hydroxypropiosyringone(IV) from the latter. Structures of the degradation products indicated that C ${\alpha}$-oxidation could occur with white-rot fungi. It has been shown that the alkaline cleavage of ${\beta}$-aryl ether bonds in the lignin units is accelerated by the presence of ${\alpha}$-carbonyl groups.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.465-469
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• 2005

Allium fistulosum L. seasoning oils were manufactured by autoclaving method. Materials were from total, leaf, trunk and root part of Allium fistulosum L. with refined soybean oil. Physicochemical characteristics of these Allium fistulosum L. seasoning oils of 4 kinds were not much different, but seasoning oil from leaf part was more green color. Total 35 volatile components were detected, in which propenyl trisulfide and propenyl propyl trisulfide were the major components. They were found as 26.94 ppm and 26.26 ppm in seasening oil from root with the highest level, respectively. Propenyl propyl disulfide was the major component as flavor characteristics in Allium fistulosum L. seasoning oils. Main component of original roasted flavor in Allium fistulosum L. seasoning oils would be confirmed the root part.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2007

In vitro toxicity tests such as cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity assay are useful for evaluating the relative toxicity of smoke or smoke condensates obtained from different cigarette configurations. A major disadvantage of these tests is relatively time-consuming, complicated and expensive. Recently, a cell-free glutathione consumption assay (GCA) as a rapid and simple screening method for the toxicity assessment of smoke has been reported by Cahours et al. (CORESTA, 2006). This study was carried out to assess the GCA application capable of predicting the toxicity of gas/vapor phase (GVP) of cigarette smoke and to identify individual compounds responsible for the glutathione (GSH) consumption in smoke. Each GVPs from 2R4F, standard cigarette, carbon filter cigarette (ExC) and new carbon filter cigarette (ExN), test cigarettes were collected by automatic smoking machine and evaluated the relative toxicity by GCA and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay. Toxic compounds existed in smoke were also chosen, relative toxicities of these compounds were screened by using two methods and compared individually. The overall order of toxicity by GCA was 2R4F > ExC > ExN, which was consistent with the result of Neutral Red Uptake assay. The levels of carbonyl compounds of ExN were lower than those of 2R4F and ExC, indicating that GSH consumption was associated with carbonyl compound yields. A major toxicant under current study is acrolein, which contributed to more than half of the GSH consumption. Collectively, the toxicity of GVP determined by GCA method may be mainly attributed to acrolein.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1613-1619
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• 2011

A hybrid thermosetting maleimido epoxy compound 4-(N-maleimidophenyl) glycidylether (N-MPGE) containing Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions was prepared by curing N-MPGE and tetradentate Schiff base Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes. The curing polymerization reaction of N-MPGE with metal complexes as curing agents was studied. The cured samples were studied for thermal stability, chemical (acid/alkali/solvent) and water absorption resistance and homogeneity of the cured systems. The tetradentate Schiff base, 3-[(Z)-2-piperazin-1-yl-ethylimino]-1,3-dihydro indol-2-one was synthesized by the condensation of Isatin (Indole-2, 3-dione) with 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (AEP). Its complexes with Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) have been synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, conductivity, Uv-Visible, FT-IR, TGA and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The spectral data revealed that the ligand acts as a neutral tetradentate Schiff base and coordinating through the azomethine nitrogen, two piperazine nitrogen atoms and carbonyl oxygen.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.325-325
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• 2006

Cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether using various metal halides was examined in toluene in the presence of an added base at $0^{\circ}C$. In conjunction with an appropriate weak base such as ethyl acetate or 1,4-dioxane, all metal halides but $FeBr_{3}\;and\;GaCl_{3}$ led to living cationic polymerization. The polymerization rates varied as follows: $FeBr_{3},\;GaCl_{3}\;>\;FeCl_{3}\;>\;SnCl_{4}\;>\;InCl_{3}\;>\;ZnCl_{2}\;>>\;AlCl_{3},\;HfCl_{4},\;ZrCl_{4}\;>\;EtAlCl_{2},\;BiCl_{3},\;TiCl4\;>>\;SiCl_{4}\;>\;GeCl_{4}$. This order partially corresponds to that of the equilibrium constant in the formation of a carbocation from a chloroalkane in the presence of a carbonyl compound. With extremely active Lewis acids, such as $FeBr_{3}\;and\;GaCl_{3}$, the use of a stronger base, THF, was required to achieve living polymerization.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.319-321
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• 2010

Plant saponins are widely distributed amongst plants and have a wide range of biological properties. Icosahydropicenic acid, $C_{51}H_{80}O_{19}$ ((4S,6bS)-8a-((4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-((3R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)carbonyl)-2-hydroxy-4, 6a, 6b, 11, 14b-pentamethyl-11-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) - tetrahydro-2Hpyran-2-yloxy)-1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 6a, 6b, 7, 8, 8a, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12a, 14, 14a, 14b-icosahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid), a new saponin was first time isolated from the roots of Clerodendrum Serratum (L) Moon (Verbenaceae). The structure elucidation of the compound was carried out by $^1H$ NMR and DART-MS studies.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 1994

In order to investigate the structure-activity relationships of the stereoisomers of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, captopril and its derivatives were selected as model compounds. In vitro enzymatic activities of them depend on the symmetry at the asymmetric carbons. Especially, the alanyl carbon should have the S configuration to be biologically active. But the demethylated captopril having the achiral carbon also shows the activity although it is less active than captopril. Seven stereoisomers of captopril and its derivatives were chosen and their acidic and ionic forms were used for molecular dynamics simulations. Four computer simulations were practiced for each model compound in order to obtain the good condition for simulation to explain the experimental structure-activity relationships. From the computer simulation results, relativistic movements of three well-known pharmacophoric sites, carboxylate carbon, carbonyl oxygen, and sulfur atoms, were analyzed. Good results were obtained from the aqueous solution molecular dynamics simulation with ionic forms of model compounds. Active model compounds have the pharmacophoric areas of 6.08 to 6.38 $\AA$$^2$and the similarity in the geometrical data. But inactive ones have the largely deviated values of 4.51 to 4.87 $\AA$$^2$from those of active ones.