• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.17-22
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• 1975

Adult nonpregnant female rabbits were subjected to the study of the effects of carbon monoxide inhalation on the uterine motility. Animals were anesthetized with intravenous injection of nembutal, 35 mg/kg, and the uteri were exposed. Polyethylene tubing which had a small hole near the blind tip was inserted in the loop and normal saline was infused at a constant rate of 1.5 ml/min. On the other end of the loop, an outlet of fluid was made. When a peristaltic wave proceeded to the hole, a rise of the pressure was ensued and it was transmitted to the pressure transducer, making an upward deflection of the recording pen on the physiograph. Carbon monoxide, 1,000 ppm in the concentration, was inhaled through a tracheal cannula for 30 minutes, following fresh air for 30 minutes. In some cases, pure oxygen was also supplemented for another 30 minutes. Uterine motility was expressed in terms of the impulse that was the time integral of the pressure and of the frequency of the peristaltic waves. The results obtained were as follows. 1. When 1,000 ppm carbon monoxide was inhaled for 30 minutes, the impulse dropped to $72{\pm}16.5%$ and the frequency to $75{\pm}22.7%$ of the values obtained before the gas administration. 2. By fresh air for 30 minutes, the impulse and the frequency restored to $77{\pm}25.7%$ and $92{\pm}21.1%$, respectively. 3. By the supplement of pure oxygen for 30 minutes, no remarkable improvement were revealed, showing $89{\pm}35.2%$ in the impulse and $91{\pm}10.8%$ in the frequency, respectively. 4. There was an appreciable discrepancy in the recovery courses of the impulse and the frequency, suggesting different mechanisms attributable to the alteration by carbon monoxide inhalation.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between quantitative magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers, and clinical performances in chronic phase of carbon monoxide intoxication. Materials and Methods: Eighteen magnetic resonance scans and cognitive evaluations were performed, on patients with carbon monoxide intoxication in chronic phase. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) ratios of affected versus unaffected centrum semiovale, and corpus callosum were obtained. Signal intensity (SI) ratios between affected centrum semiovale, and normal pons in T2-FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) images were obtained. The Mini-Mental State Exam, and clinical outcome scores were assessed. Correlation coefficients were calculated, between MRI and clinical markers. Patients were further classified into poor-outcome and good-outcome groups based on clinical performance, and imaging parameters were compared. T2-SI ratio of centrum semiovale was compared, with that of 18 sex-matched and age-matched controls. Results: T2-SI ratio of centrum semiovale was significantly higher in the poor-outcome group, than that in the good-outcome group and was strongly inversely correlated, with results from the Mini-Mental State Exam. ADC ratios of centrum semiovale were significantly lower in the poor outcome group than in the good outcome group, and were moderately correlated with the Mini-Mental State Exam score. Conclusion: A higher T2-SI and a lower ratio of ADC values in the centrum semiovale, may indicate presence of more severe white matter injury and clinical impairment. T2-SI ratio and ADC values in the centrum semiovale, are useful quantitative imaging biomarkers for correlation with clinical performance in individuals with carbon monoxide intoxication.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2228-2231
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• 2007

Water gas shift reactor in fuel processing is an important part that converts carbon monoxide into hydrogen. Fuel processing system for PEMFC usually has two stages of WGS reactors, which are high temperature and low temperature shifter. In this study we prepared noble metal catalysts and compared their performances with that of a commercial iron chromium oxide catalyst. Noble metal catalysts and the commercial catalyst showed quite different temperature dependence of carbon monoxide conversion. The conversion of carbon monoxide at the commercial catalyst was very low at medium temperature(${\sim}300^{\circ}C$) and increased rapidly as temperature increased while the conversion at noble metal catalysts was high in the medium temperature range and decreased as temperature increased, which is thermodynamically expected. Their characteristics agreed well with the literature published, and we are accomplishing further study for improvement of the noble metal catalysts.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.526-529
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• 2008

The effect of air impurities on PEMFC performances were studied using electrochemical analysis, such as OCV monitoring, polarization, constant current operation, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The nitrogen dioxide in air lowered the operation voltage at 1 A/$cm^2$ by 160 mV (10 ppm) and 227 mV (100 ppm), while the carbon monoxide effect was relatively not significant (30 mV at 100 ppm). For both nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide, the performances were largely recovered when pure air was provided again. Further study for additional air impurities and simulated air are under progress to provide fundamental data for the design of fuel cell vehicles.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2008

The generation of high purity hydrogen from reformed hydrocarbon fuels, or syngas, is essential for efficient operation of the fuel cell (PEMFC, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell). Usually, major components of reformed gas are $H_2$, CO, $CO_2$ and $H_2O$. Especially a major component, CO poisons the electrode of fuel cells. The water gas shifter (WGS) that shifts CO to $CO_2$ and simultaneously produces $H_2$, was developed to a two stage catalytic conversion process involving a high temperature shifter (HTS) and a low temperature shifter (LTS). Also, experiments were carried out to reduce the carbon monoxide up to $3{\sim}4%$ in the HTS and lower than 5,000 ppm via the LTS.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.172-175
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• 2008

In the last five years, 45 people died and 104 were wounded because of carbon monoxide poisoning accident. CO poisoning accident is higher than any other gas accident in the rate of deaths/incidents. Most of these CO poisoning accidents were caused by defective exhaust tube in the old gas boiler and multi-use facility. In this study, the spread of CO gas released from leakage hole of exhaust tube was analyzed by computational flow modeling and concentration measuring test. CO gas leaked form exhaust tube in a building was highest concentrated near the ceiling and formed the circular currents along the walls. Through these experiments and simulation, the reasonable installation location of CO alarm was made certain and suggested.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gaseous molecule produced from heme by heme oxygenase (HO). Endogenous CO production occurring at low concentrations is thought to have several useful biological roles. In mammals, especially humans, a proper neurovascular unit comprising endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons is essential for the homeostasis and survival of the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, the regeneration of neurovascular systems from neural stem cells and endothelial precursor cells after CNS diseases is responsible for functional repair. This review focused on the possible role of CO/HO in the neurovascular unit in terms of neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and synaptic plasticity, ultimately leading to behavioral changes in CNS diseases. CO/HO may also enhance cellular networks among endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and neural stem cells. This review highlights the therapeutic effects of CO/HO on CNS diseases involved in neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and angiogenesis. Moreover, the cellular mechanisms and interactions by which CO/HO are exploited for disease prevention and their therapeutic applications in traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke are also discussed.

• 약학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 1989

To predict the influence of carbon monoxide poisonining on cerebral energy metabolism, rats were exposed to 5000 ppm environment for 30 minutes. Carboxyhemoglobin (HBCO) saturation rate in this condition was 72% equally in male and female rats. Cerebral cortex in the rats showed lower level of ATP, glucose, creatine phosphate and higher level of lactate, pyruvate by anaerobic glycolysis. As for the levels of ATP, creatine phsphate and glucose, the cerebral cortex contents of them were larger in female rats of estrus than in male rats, whereas there was no difference between sexes in the levels of pyruvate and lactate. According to time passage from CO intoxication, the mode of changes in cerebral energy metabolite contents was similar in both sexes.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.241-247
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• 1969

The catalytic reaction between carbon monoxide and oxygen was investigated with the various nickel oxide catalysts at different partial pressures of carbon monoxide and oxygen and at reaction temperatures in the region of 120$^{circ}$to 250$^{circ}C$. The reaction has the highest rate with the nickel oxide catalyst which is sintered at low temperature. A reaction mechanism to explain the data is derived. From the Arrhenius equation, the activation energies in the region of experimental temperatures are found to be from 5.49 to 9.15 kcal/mole. The concentration of excess oxygen in the nickel oxide seems to vary according to the sintering temperatures and periods and is the controlling factor in determining the type of kinetics followed by the catalytic reaction.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.261-264
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• 1993

A 26 year old male patient had admitted to the department of plastic surgery for the treatment of skin defect of forearm and spastic contracture of right hand, attributable to burn injury following carbon monoxide intoxication. After receiving skin graft the patients tenotomy of flexor tendons, the patients was consulted to pain clinic for further evaluation and treatment of allodynia, hyperalgesia, and hyperpathia with marked emotional insufficiency. The patient was treated with stellate ganglion blocks, intermittent or continuous epidural blocks, and intermittent brachial plexus blocks for 3 months. with this treatment the patient's pain level improved to(VAS 10 to 4~5) and was discharged. The patient was readmitted 3 months later, due to the aggrzvation of pain. Brachial plexus blocks were given again by interscalene, supraclavicular, or axillary route, sometimes using a catheter, together with cervical epidural blocks. Tricyclic antidepressant was also prescribed. The results were remarkably good(VAS 2~3) and the patient did not require any further analgesic medication.