• 제목/요약/키워드: Carbon-based solid acid

검색결과 12건 처리시간 0.028초

Carbon-Based Solid Acid as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,8-Dioxodecahydroacridines Under Solvent-Free Conditions

  • Davoodnia, Abolghasem;Khojastehnezhad, Amir;Tavakoli-Hoseini, Niloofar
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • 제32권7호
    • /
    • pp.2243-2248
    • /
    • 2011
  • Carbon-based solid acid catalyst was found to be highly efficient, eco-friendly and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the multicomponent reaction of dimedone, aromatic aldehydes, and a nitrogen source (ammonium acetate or aromatic amines) under solvent-free conditions, giving rise to 1,8-dioxodecahydroacridines in high yields. The present methodology offers several advantages, such as a simple procedure with an easy work-up, short reaction times, high yields, and the absence of any volatile and hazardous organic solvents.

Carbon-based Solid Acid Catalyzed One-pot Mannich Reaction: A Facile Synthesis of β-Amino Carbonyl Compounds

  • Davoodnia, Abolghasem;Tavakoli-Nishaburi, Afsaneh;Niloofar, Tavakoli-Hoseini
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • 제32권2호
    • /
    • pp.635-638
    • /
    • 2011
  • A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of $\beta$-amino carbonyl compounds by one-pot three-component Mannich reaction of acetophenone, aromatic aldehydes and aromatic amines using a carbon-based solid acid (CBSA), as an effective and reusable catalyst, is described. The present methodology offers several advantages such as simple procedure with an easy work-up, shorter reaction times, and high yields.

Development of Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalysts Using a Lipid-Extracted Alga, Dunaliella tertiolecta, for Esterification

  • Ryu, Young-Jin;Kim, Z-Hun;Lee, Seul Gi;Yang, Ji-Hyun;Shin, Hee-Yong;Lee, Choul-Gyun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제28권5호
    • /
    • pp.732-738
    • /
    • 2018
  • Novel carbon-based solid acid catalysts were synthesized through a sustainable route from lipid-extracted microalgal residue of Dunaliella tertiolecta, for biodiesel production. Two carbon-based solid acid catalysts were prepared by surface modification of bio-char with sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$) and sulfuryl chloride ($SO_2Cl_2$), respectively. The treated catalysts were characterized and their catalytic activities were evaluated by esterification of oleic acid. The esterification catalytic activity of the $SO_2Cl_2$-treated bio-char was higher ($11.5mmol\;Prod.{\cdot}h^{-1}{\cdot}gCat.\;^{-1}$) than that of commercial catalyst silica-supported Nafion SAC-13 ($2.3mmol\;Prod.{\cdot}h^{-1}{\cdot}gCat.^{-1}$) and $H_2SO_4$-treated bio-char ($5.7mmol\;Prod.{\cdot}h^{-1}{\cdot}gCat.^{-1}$). Reusability of the catalysts was examined. The catalytic activity of the $SO_2Cl_2$-modified catalyst was sustained from the second run after the initial activity dropped after the first run and kept the same activity until the fifth run. It was higher than that of first-used Nafion. These experimental results demonstrate that catalysts from lipid-extracted algae have great potential for the economic and environment-friendly production of biodiesel.

용액코팅된 탄소나노튜브 전극의 광전기적 성질 (Opto-electrical properties of solution based carbon nanotube electrode)

  • 우종석;김선영;한중탁;이건웅
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
    • /
    • pp.394-394
    • /
    • 2007
  • Transparent conductive films can serve as a critical component in displays, solar cells, lasers, optical communication devices, and solid state lighting. Carbon nanotube (CNT) based transparent conductive films are fabricated on glass and polymer substrates. CNTs typically exist in form of quasi-crystalline bundles or highly entangled bundles containing tens of individual nanotubes. To achieve full potential, CNTs must be dispersed in a solvent or other organic media. CNTs are acid treated with nitric acid then the stable dispersion of CNTs in polar solvent such as alcohols, DMF, etc. is achieved by sonication. The solubility of CNTs correlates well with the area ratio of the D and G bands from Raman spectrum. Thin films are formed from well dispersed CNT solutions using spray coating method. CNT thin films exhibit a sheet resistance ($R_s$) of nearby $10^3\;{\Omega}/sq$ with a transmittance of around 80% on the visible light range, which is attributed by excellent dispersion and interaction among CNTs, solvents and polymeric binders.

  • PDF

A Complete, Reductive Depolymerization of Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysis Lignin into a High Calorific Bio-oil using Supercritical Ethanol

  • Riaz, Asim;Kim, Jaehoon
    • KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
    • /
    • 제2권3호
    • /
    • pp.447-452
    • /
    • 2016
  • It is imperative to develop an effective pathway to depolymerize lignin into liquid fuel that can be used as a bioheavy oil. Lignin can be converted into liquid products either by a solvent-free thermal cracking in the absence air, or thermo-chemical degradation in the presence of suitable solvents and chemicals. Here we show that the solvent-assisted liquefaction has produced promising results in the presence of metal-based catalysts. The supercritical ethanol is an efficient liquefaction solvent, which not only provides better solubility to lignin, but also scavenges the intermediate species. The concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis lignin (CSAHL) was completely liquefied in the presence of solid catalysts (Ni, Pd and Ru) with no char formation. The effective deoxy-liquefaction nature associated with scEtOH with aid hydrodeoxygenation catalysts, resulted in significant reduction in oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) molar ratio up to 61%. The decrease in oxygen content and increase in carbon and hydrogen contents increased the calorific value bio-oil, with higher heating value (HHV) of $34.6MJ{\cdot}Kg^{-1}$. The overall process is energetically efficient with 129.8% energy recovery (ER) and 70.8% energy efficiency (EE). The GC-TOF/MS analysis of bio-oil shows that the bio-oil mainly consists of monomeric species such as phenols, esters, furans, alcohols, and traces of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The bio-oil produced has better flow properties, low molecular weight, and high aromaticity.

석탄계 활성탄에 의한 Acid Black 1 염료의 흡착에 있어서 평형, 동력학, 및 열역학적 특성 (Characteristics of Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics for Adsorption of Acid Black 1 Dye by Coal-based Activated Carbon)

  • 이종집
    • 청정기술
    • /
    • 제27권3호
    • /
    • pp.261-268
    • /
    • 2021
  • 석탄계 입상 활성탄(CGAC)에 의한 acid black 1 (AB1) 염료의 평형, 동력학 및 열역학적 특성을 초기농도, 접촉 시간, 온도 및 pH 를 흡착변수로 하여 조사하였다. 활성탄에 의한 AB1의 흡착반응은 산성에서는 활성탄의 표면(H+)과 AB1이 가지고 있는 sulfite ion (SO3-), nitrite ion (NO2-) 사이의 정전기적 인력에 의해 일어났고, 최고 흡착률은 pH 3에서 97.7%였다. AB1의 등온 데이터는 Freundlich 등온식에 가장 잘 맞았으며, 계산된 분리계수(1/n) 값으로부터 활성탄에 의한 AB1의 흡착이 효과적인 처리과정이 될 수 있음을 알았다. Temkin 식의 흡착열 관련상수의 값은 물리 흡착 공정(< 20 J mol-1)임을 나타냈다. 동역학 실험에서는 유사 2차 모델이 유사 1차 모델보다 더 일관성이 있었으며 추정된 평형 흡착량은 오차 백분율의 9.73% 이내에서 잘 일치하였다. 입자내 확산이 흡착 과정에서 속도 조절 단계였다. 활성화 에너지와 엔탈피 변화값으로부터 흡착반응이 물리흡착으로 진행되는 흡열반응임을 확인하였다. 엔트로피 변화는 활성탄 표면에서 AB1의 흡착이 일어나는 동안 고-액 계면에서 활발한 반응에 의해 엔트로피가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 자유에너지 변화는 온도증가와 함께 흡착반응의 자발성이 더 커지는 것을 나타냈다.

설폰화 활성탄 촉매를 이용한 솔비톨의 아이소소바이드로의 탈수반응 (Selective Dehydration of Sorbitol to Isosorbide over Sulfonated Activated Carbon Catalyst)

  • 강효윤;황동원;황영규;황진수;장종산
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
    • /
    • 제51권2호
    • /
    • pp.189-194
    • /
    • 2013
  • 불균일계 고체산 촉매인 설폰기(Sulfonyl Group) 함유 활성탄 촉매를 이용하여 솔비톨(Sorbitol)의 아이소소바이드로(Isosorbide)의 탈수반응을 수행하였다. 설폰화 반응(Sulfonation)에 의해 제조된 설폰화 활성탄 물질에 대해 대표적인 상업용 산촉매인 설폰화 지르코니아(Sulfated $ZrO_2$)와 산성 이온교환수지 Amberlyst-36과 솔비톨 탈수반응의 촉매활성을 비교하였다. 설폰화 활성탄 촉매를 이용하여 423.15 K에서 솔비톨의 탈수 반응 결과, 100% 솔비톨 전환율과 52% 아이소소바이드 선택도를 얻었다. 설폰화 활성탄은 낮은 설폰기 농도(0.5 mmol/g)에도 불구하고 높은 표면적으로 인해 423.15 K에서 Amberlyst-36과 유사한 솔비톨 탈수 반응 특성을 보이며, Amberlyst-36 대비 473.15 K 이상 고온에서도 안정한 특성을 보이는 고체산 촉매로 판단되었다. 또한, 솔비톨 탈수반응 결과를 바탕으로 반응과 생성물의 분리를 동시에 할 수 있는 반응증류 공정에 설폰화 활성탄 촉매를 적용한 결과, 기존 황산 공정 대비 2배 이상 빠른 반응시간에 단위 설폰산 농도 기준으로 4배 이상 높은 아이소소바이드 수율을 얻을 수 있었다.

포화지방산에 의한 수상자성유체의 분산특성 (Characteristics of Water-Based Magnetic Fluid Using Saturated Fatty Acids)

  • 김만;오재현;이유영
    • 한국자기학회지
    • /
    • 제3권3호
    • /
    • pp.241-246
    • /
    • 1993
  • 본 연구에서는 습식법에 의해 얻어진 초미립 마그네타이트 표면에 포화지방산이온($C_{9}~C_{18}$)을 화학흡착시키고, 그 위에 SDBS로서 물리흡착층을 형성시켜 수상자성유체를 제조하였다. 마그네타이트 27 g에 대해서 Lauric acid의 첨가량 $2.66{\times}10^{-2}mol$ 이상, SDBS 첨가량 5g 이상에서 수상자성유체의 분산율이 85% 이상 유지되었다. 고체함량이 0.05 g/cc에서 0.4 g/cc로 증가함에 따라 수상자성유체의 자화값은 2.07 eum/g에서 9.31 eum/g으로 증가하였으며, 점도는 1.20 cp에서 3.95 cp로 증가하였다. 1N-HCI 및 1N-NaOH를 사용하여 수상자성유체의 pH 변화에 따른 분산특성을 조사한 결과 pH 3.1~11.1의 영역에서 안정한 분산특성을 나타내었다. 합성마그네타이트 주위에 포화지방산($C_{9}~C_{18}$)을 제1계면활성제로 사용하여 수상자성유체를 제조한 결과, 탄소길이가 증가함에 따라 분산율은 향상되었으나 다량의 scum이 발생하였다.

  • PDF

Simultaneous Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometric Determination of 35 Prohibited Substances in Equine Plasma for Doping Control

  • Kwak, Young Beom;Yu, Jundong;Yoo, Hye Hyun
    • Mass Spectrometry Letters
    • /
    • 제13권4호
    • /
    • pp.158-165
    • /
    • 2022
  • Many therapeutic class drugs such as beta-blocker, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, etc are prohibited substances in the horse racing industry. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology makes it possible to isolate drugs from interference, enables various drug analyses in complex biological samples due to its sensitive sensitivity, and has been successfully applied to doping control. In this paper, we describe a rapid and sensitive method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) using solid phase cartridge and LC-MS/MS to screen for different class's 35 drug targets in equine plasma. Plasma samples were pretreated by SPE with the NEXUS cartridge consisted non-polar carbon resin and minimum buffer solvent. Chromatographic separation of the analytes was performed on ACQUITY HSS C18 column (2.1 × 150 mm, 1.8 ㎛). The elution gradient was conducted with 5 mM ammonium formate (pH 3.0) in distilled water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode was used for drug screening with multiple transitions in the positive ionization mode. The specificity, limit of detection, recovery, and stability was evaluated for validation. The method was found to be sensitive and reproducible for drug screening. The method was applied to plasma sample analysis for the proficiency test from the Association of Racing Chemist.

4-Amino-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazoline 또는 4-(4-Methoxybenzylidenimin)thiophenole을 이용한 활성탄에서의 구리의 예비 농축 및 추출 (Preconcentration and Extraction of Copper on Activated Carbon Using 4-Amino-2, 3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazoline or 4-(4-methoxybenzylidenimin) thiophenole)

  • Ghaedi, Mehrorang;Ahmadi, Farshid;Karimi, Hajir;Gharaghani, Shiva
    • 대한화학회지
    • /
    • 제50권1호
    • /
    • pp.23-31
    • /
    • 2006
  • 원자흡수분광법을 사용하여 실제 시료 중의 구리를 예비 농축하고 정량하는데 활성탄 변형법을 사용하였다. 구리 이온을 4-amino-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazoline(ADMPP) 또는 4-(4-methoxybenzylidenimin)thiophenole (MBITP)과 착물을 형성시켜 활성탄에 정량적으로 흡착시키고, 고체상에 흡착된 구리를 소량의 질산을 사용하여 정량적으로 용리시켰다. 최대 회수율을 얻는데 있어서 중요한 pH, 운반체의 양, 흐름속도, 활성탄의 양, 용리제의 종류 및 농도와 같은 파라미터의 영향을 조사하였다. 최적 조건에서 ADMPP와 MBITP를 사용하는 이 방법은 0.05-1.5g mL1 and 0.05-1.2g mL1의 구리 농도 범위에서 각각 상관계수 0.9997 및 0.9994의 선형성을 보이며 검출한계는 1.4 ng mL1 였다. 예비 농축의 농축인자는 310에 이르며 돌파부피는 두 리간드에서 모두 1550 mL였다. 이 방법은 방해 이온에 대한 공차한계와 선택성이 좋아서 수돗물, 샘물, 강물 및 폐수와 같은 실제 시료 중의 구리 함량을 정량하는 데 성공적으로 사용되었다.