• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 1993

In the present study, the comparison of liver damage in carbon tetrachloride (CCl$_4$)-treated rats with that those pretreated with ethanol and an effect of liver injury on the serum and liver xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity were evaluated. The increasing rate of liver weight per body wt., the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, and the decreasing rate of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity and the protein contents in the liver cell were higher in carbon tetrachloride-treated animals pretreated with ethanol than the carbon tetrachloride-treated group. Especially, the histopathological findings also showed more severe liver damage in the ethanol-pretreated rats than the rats treated with carbon tetrachloride only. In such a experimental condition the xanthine oxidase activity of serum and liver both of carbon tetrachloride-treated rats and those pretreated with ethanol were higher than that of each control group. And the increasing rate of xanthine oxidase enzyme activity to the control group was higher in carbon tetrachloride-treated group pretreated with ethanol than those treated with CCl$_4$. In addition, the heptic uricase activity and the serum levels of uric acid were more increased in carbon tetrachloride-treated group pretreated with ethanol than those in the CCl$_4$-treated rats. On the other hand, there were no statistical differences in hepatic catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities between the CCl$_4$-treated rats and those pretreated with ethanol. In conclusion, it is assumed that the more severe liver damage in ethanol pretreated rats would be due to oxygen free radical produced by the xanthine oxidase system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 1993

To evaluate an effect of dietary protein on lipoprotein profile serum of carbon tetrachloride-treated rats, carbon tetrachloride (50% in olive oil) was twice given at 0.1ml/100g body weight at intervals of 24hours to the male rats and then the degree of liver damage in carbon tetrachloride-treated animals fed a low protein diet was compared with that fed a high protein diet. The increasing rate of liver weight/body weight and the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats to the control group were higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet. In the serum levels of lipid (total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride) remarkable differences were not found between low protein diet group and high protein diet group. But these serum lipids in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats were decreased and the decreasing rate of serum lipids to control group were higher in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet. Under the animal model as identified by the present data herein, serum pre $\beta$-lipoprotein and $\alpha$-lipoprotein fractions were decreased in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats, but the serum levels of $\beta$-lipoprotein were rather increased in the both group by the injection of carbon tetrachloride. Especially, the decreasing rate of $\alpha$-lipoprotein fraction was higher in $CCl_4$-treated rats fed a high protein diet than those fed a low protein diet to its control group and the increasing rate of serum $\beta$-lipoprotein fraction was also higher in $CCl_4$-treated rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.326-332
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• 1998

The effect of mushroom extracts from Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes on carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated. Rats were administered orally each mushroom extract at the dose of 150mg/kg, foolwed by treatment with CCl4. Liver damage was produced in male Sprague-Dawley rats, after 21hrs from dosing with CCl4(0.25ml/kg) which were given intraperitoneally. Liver damage without renal injury was confirmed by measuring plasma enzyme, creatinine and blood analysis and liver analysis. Plasma aminotransferase activity, and levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were analyzed. Plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were decreased by 34% and 61.5% in pretreatment group of Lentinus edodes compared with CCl4 treated group, respectively. The adminstration of all mushroom extracts led the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels decrease more than the CCl4-treated rats. These results suggest that Lentinus edodes extract protect liver from damage induced by CCl4.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.2 s.133
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• pp.166-171
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• 2003

The hepatoprotective effects of Liriopis tuber on carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)$ intoxicated rats were studied. The water extract prepared from Liriopis tuber were administrated to the pretreatment group orally once a day for successive 7 days, followed by treatment with $CCl_4$ on the seventh day. The post treatment group was treated with $CCl_4$ and then the water extract was administrated. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and contents of total cholesterol and triglyceride in pretreatment rats serum were significantly decreased compared to the only $CCl_4$ treated rats. The level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was considerably increased compared to the only $CCl_4$ treated rats. In the pretreatment group with the water extract of Liriopis tuber tissue destruction was not observed in light microscopic investigation, compared to the only $CCl_4$ treated rats. These results suggest that Liriopis tuber have potent hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.2 s.133
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• pp.172-178
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• 2003

This study was done to investigate the protective effect of Alnus japonica Steude on hepatotoxicity in carbon let-rachloride $(CCl_4)$ intoxicated rats. Alnus japonica Steud was extracted with methanol and fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water. Rats were treated with those orally once a day for 6 days. The activities of aminotransferase and ${\gamma}-glutamyltranspeptidase$ and contents of cholesterol, TG and hepatic lipid peroxide in butanol fraction pretreated rats were significantly decreased compared to the only $CCl_4$ treated rats but the content of glutathione was significantly increased compared to the only $CCl_4$ treated rats. Also activities of hepatic superoside dismutase, catalase, glutathione perpxidase in butanol fraction pretreated rats were signigicantly decreased compared to the only $CCl_4$ treated rats. These result indicated that butanol fraction of Alnus japonica Steude showed hepatoprotective effect in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 2001

This study was done to investigate the protective effects of Diospyrus kaki Folium on carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200~230g) was used. Experimental groups were divided into normal group and $CCl_{4}$-treated group and then $CCl_{4}$-treated groups were divided into 7 groups: only $CCl_{4}$-treated group, methanol extract pretreated group, butanol fraction pretreated group and $H_{2}O$ fraction pretreated group, $CCl_{4}$ treated groups were injected with $CCl_{4}$ 0.6 mg/kg (ip). The activities of ananine aminotransferasein hexane, chloroform and $H_{2}O$ fraction pretreated groups were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to the only $CCl_{4}$-treated group and also activity of aspartate aminotransferase and hepatic malondialdehyde content in $H_{2}O$ fraction pretreated group were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to the only $CCl_{4}$-treated group. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in chloroform and $H_{2}O$ fraction pretreated groups were decreased compared to the only $CCl_{4}$-treated group but the difference was not statistically significant. The activity of ${\gamma}$-glutamyltranspeptidase in hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate fraction pretreated groups were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to the only $CCl_{4}$-treated group. The contents of cholesterol and triglyceride were not influenced in any fraction pretreated groups, but HDL-cholesterol content in hexane and chloroform fraction pretreated groups were significantly increased (p<0.05) compared to the only $CCl_{4}$-treated group. Therefore, these results demonstrate a possible hepatoprotective role of $H_{2}O$ fraction of Diospyrus kaki Folium methanol extract in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 1993

Carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) has been used to treat a variety of parasitic infection in both large and small animals, including Fasciola hepatica. Recently, we can easily contest with carbon tetrachloride in air, food, water, rain and Industry area etc. and it is using in order to induce liver injury in laboratory. In this study. we investigated activitis of LDH, ALP, AST and ALT and amount of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose and BUN in mice serum exposed to $CCl_4.$ The mice divided Into a Naive control(A), corn oil control(B) and experimental group(C, D). Naive control group(A) was given feed and water only. Corn oil control group(B) was given corn oil 1ml /100g of body weight(B.W). Experimental group(C) was given carbon tetrachloride 1ml /100g B.W. ($CCl_4$： corn oil=1：20(V /V) ), Experimental group(D) was given carbon teterachloride 1ml /100g B.W. ($CCl_4$: corn oil=1：10(V /V) ). The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1) The body weight was declined after the l0th day In mice exposed to carbon tetra-chloride. 2) The total protein level in serum was significantly in mice exposed to carbon tetra-chloride($P{\leq}0.05$). The albumin and A /G ratio was decresed significantly in mice exposed to carbon tetrachloride($P{\leq}0.01$) 3) All of the activity of LDH, AST, ALT and ALP in mice serum exposed to carbon tetra chloride inclosed significantly activity of LDH ($P{\leq}0.05$), inclosed significantly activity of AST($P{\leq}0.05, \;p {\leq}0.01$), inclosed significantly activityof ALT 3nd ALP($P {\leq}0.05,\;p {\leq}0.01$). 4) The amount of cholesterol and triacylglycerol, lipid metabolite products in serum was inclosed in case of cholesterol but did not change in case of triacylglycerol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 1991

This study designs to investigate effects of onion diet on carbon tetrachloride toxicity of rats. Experiments were performed with week's feeding, body weight, food intake, ratio of orgen weight/dody weight, serum lipid levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in liver and kidney were determined. The content of serum total cholesterol in each group were lower than those of control group(p<0.05), especially at onion juice treated group. Serum HDL-cholesterol level of CBB and CBJ groups was significantly lower than that of control group (p<0.05). Superoxide dismutase activities of liver and kidney were significantly increased by carbon tetrachloride treatment and decreased by onion feeding. MDA contents in liver and kidney of CCl4 treated rats were significantly decreased by boiled and fresh onion fed group, compared with CCl4 treated control group. This result suggested that onion diet has a protective effect of CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of rat.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.321-328
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• 1998

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of liver damage on toluene metabolism in rats pretreated with carbon tetachloride. Liver damage in rats was induced by administration of 0.1ml of carbon tetrachloride per 100g of body wight intraperitoneally every day for four weeks except the last day before sacrifice. One day before sacrifice, toluene was administered to the animals instead of carbon tetrachloride. Rats were sacrificed at the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd and the 4th week after the first administration of carbon tetachloride. Based on the histopathological findings, liver weight and serum alanine aminotransferase, the $CCl_4$-preteated group was found to have gradual severe liver damage. Especially the degree of liver injury became increasingly severe throughout the whole course of the experiment. The contnts of hippuric acid in urine lower in the all groups pretreated with $CCl_4$than that of the control. The contents of hepatic cytochrome P450(CYP), benzylalcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activities were decreased in $CCl_4$-pretreated rats than those of the control. The $CCl_4$treated animals showed the gradual decreased activities of these enzyme as injection times elapsed. Km values of the benzylalcohol dehydrogenase in pooled liver samples from $CCl_4$-pretreated or control groups were similar. On the other hand, Vmax values of the $CCl_4$-pretreated group was lower than of the control. Therefore, it can be concluded that reduction of the toluene metabolism in damaged rat liver induced with $CCl_4$was due to the inhibition of CYP content, bezylalcohol and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activities which related with toluene metabolic enzyme system.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.204-213
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• 2004

Extraction of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge by super critical carbon dioxide was operated under $40-50^{\circ}C$and 200-250 atm, thus, yield of extraction was very low as 4 wt%. Rats were administrated with the extract orally once a day for succesive 6 days, followed by treatment with carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) on the sixth day. The activities of aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase and contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol in the extract-pretreated rats were decreased compared to the $CCl_4$controled rats, whereas content of HDL-cholesterol was increased. Especially content of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and atherogenic index (AI) were decreased and HTR was increased in the extract-pretreated rats, and reduced peroxidative liver damage in the $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity rats. In addition, activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase in the extract-pretreated rats were significantly decreased compared to the $CCl_4$ controled rats, but the content of glutathione was significantly increased. These results suggest that extract of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge has hepatoprotective effect in the $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats.