• 대기
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to describe the roles of carbon dioxide in the climate change, and carbon dioxide reduction policies in some countries. In addition, ways to cope with climate change in Korea are also discussed. Currently, global temperatures are rising due to the carbon dioxide produced by human beings. Global temperatures will rise approximately $6^{\circ}C$ until 2100 if we emit carbon dioxide at a present rate. Temperature rise will affect the terrestrial and oceanic resources, and ultimately influence the socio-economic structures including political stability. Most of the carbon dioxide comes from fossil fuels. Therefore, it is urgent to reduce the use of energy, which comes from fossil fuels. Solving the climate change due to the increases in carbon dioxide is a global problem. Korea should participate in the international community and cooperate with each other in order to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration. No policy was announced for the reduction of carbon dioxide so far. Korea should make a policy for the reduction of carbon dioxide in a specific year compared to that of certain standard year such as 1990 or 2005. Making policy should be based on the scientific result of the amount of carbon dioxide emitted and absorbed. Germanwatch announced the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) in order to evaluate an effort to reduce the carbon dioxide for 56 countries which emits 90 % of global carbon dioxide. Ranking for Korea is 51 among 56 countries. This clearly indicates that the appropriate carbon dioxide reduction has not been exercised yet in Korea. Researchers have a moral responsibility to provide updated new ideas and knowledges regarding climate change. Politicians should have a sharp insight to judge the ideas provided by researchers. People need an ethics to reduce the carbon dioxide in every day's life. Scientific research should not be influenced by stress caused by external budget and negative impact of capitalism. Science should be based on the pure curiosity.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1996

The model PINUSCO2 hased of physiology was creted to simulate carbon dioxide budget in a population of red pine(pinus densiflora) which is one of the dominant species in Korea. Driving forces of PINUSCO2 are global radiation, maximum and minimum air temperatures. State variables fo the model are standing crops of leaf, branch, trunk and root of the red pine population. PINUSCO2 calculates net photosynthesis of canopy and respiration of each organ with 1 hour time step. PINUSCO2 estimated the annual gross productivity, respiration and net productivity of the red pine population as 43.99, 24.55, and 19.44 ton CO2·ha-1·yr-1, respectively, at the study sity(35°58′00"N, 128°25′35"E). PINUSCO2 showed that the red pine population grew mainly in spring and fall, and that in summer daily net population productivity frequently became negative.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 2001년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.156.2-156
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• 2001

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.390-399
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• 2019

Background: The Northern Hemisphere forest ecosystem is a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide, and the subalpine zone stores large amounts of carbon; however, their magnitude and distribution of stored carbon are still unclear. Results: To clarify the carbon distribution and carbon budget in the subalpine zone at volcanic Jeju Island, Korea, we report the C stock and changes therein owing to vegetation form, litter production, forest floor, and soil, and soil respiration between 2014 and 2016, for three subalpine forest ecosystems, namely, Abies koreana forest, Taxus cuspidata forest, and Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii forest. Organic carbon distribution of vegetation and NPP were bigger in the A. koreana forest than in the other two forests. However, the amount of soil organic carbon distribution was the highest in the J. chinensis var. sargentii forest. Compared to the amount of organic carbon distribution (AOCD) of aboveground vegetation (57.15 t C ha^-1) on the subalpine-alpine forest in India, AOCD of vegetation in the subalpine forest in Mt. Halla was below 50%, but AOCD of soil in Mt. Halla was higher. We also compared our results of organic carbon budget in subalpine forest at volcanic island with data synthesized from subalpine forests in various countries. Conclusions: The subalpine forest is a carbon reservoir that stores a large amount of organic carbon in the forest soils and is expected to provide a high level of ecosystem services.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.1026-1036
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• 2014

Real-time monitoring for environmental factors (temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a, etc.) and fugacity of carbon dioxide ($fCO_2$) was conducted at an oyster Crassostrea gigas farm in Goseong Bay, south coast of Korea during 2-4th of November, 2011. Surface temperature and salinity were ranged from $17.9-18.7^{\circ}C$ and 32.7-33.8, respectively, with daily and inter-daily variations due to tidal currents. Surface $fCO_2$ showed a range of $390-510{\mu}atm$ and was higher than air $CO_2$ during the study period. Surface temperature, salinity and $fCO_2$ are showed significant correlations with chl.-a and nutrients, respectively. It means when chl.-a value is high in surface water of the oyster farm, active biological production consume $CO_2$ and nutrients from environments and produce oxygen, suggesting a tight feedback between biological processes and environmental reaction. Thus, factors affecting the surface $fCO_2$ were evaluated using a simple mass balance. Temperature and biological productions by phytoplankton are the main factors for $CO_2$ drawdown from afternoon to early night, while biological respiration increases seawater $CO_2$ at night. Air-sea exchange fraction acts as a $CO_2$ decreasing gear during the study period and is much effective when the wind speed is higher than $2-3m\;s^{-1}$. Future studies about organic carbon and biological production/respiration are required for evaluating the roles of oyster farms on carbon sink and coastal carbon cycle.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

본 연구는 1997년에 채택한 교토의정서의 정책효과를 1990~2005년간 통계자료에 근거하여 분석하였다. 지구촌 국가를 2개 그룹으로 분류한 비교에서 OECD 국가 및 경제이행국가를 중심으로 하는 1차 감축의무 대상국가와 중국, 인도를 비롯한 대부분 개발도상국으로 구성된 1차 감축의무 비대상국가의 이산화탄소 배출 증가율은 교토의정서상 기준 시점인 1990년에 비하여 2005년에 각각 -10.2%, 88.1%를 보였다. 전지구촌의 증가율이 29.1%인 것을 감안한다면 이러한 차이는 실질적으로 매우 큰 차이이며, 통계적으로도 의미 있는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 배출량의 변화를 정책 개입시점인 교토의정서 채택 및 IPCC 2차 보고서 반영시기(1997년), 교토의정서 감축목표 합의 및 IPCC 3차 보고서 반영시기, 그리고 미국의 교토의정서 탈퇴시기(2001년)를 기준으로 비교분석에서는 기후변화 과학적 증거에 대한 확신에 따른 증가보다는 오히려 미국의 교토의정서 불참 선언으로 나타났다. 포스트 교토의정서가 국제기후변화레짐으로써 실효성을 가지기 위해서는 미국은 물론 1차 감축의무 비대상국가의 포스트 교토의정서 체제 수용이 매우 시급한 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2001

The dynamic model was developed to simulate the photosynthetic rate of Phragmites communis stands in coastal ecosystem. The model was composed of the compartments of both climatic and biological variables. The former were photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD), daily maximum- and minimum-temperature. The latter were combinations of the specific physiological responses of plant organs with the biomass of each organs. The PPFD and air temperature were calculated and using those values, gas exchange rate of each plant organ was calculated at every hour. The carbon budget was constructed using the modelled predictions. Analysis of annual productivity and fluxes showed that yearly gross population productivity, yearly population respiration and yearly net population productivity were 33.4, 21.3 and 12.1 $CO_2ton{\cdot}ha^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively. The final result was tested over two stands, produced promising predictions with regards to the levels of production attained. The model can be used to determine production potential under given climatic conditions and could even be applied to plant canopies with analogous biological characteristics.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1211-1215
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• 2012

Terrestrial ecosystem are a strong sink of carbon. Forest ecosystem, one of them, has been expected to play an important role in climate changing process by absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide. On the other hand, agricultural ecosystem that consists mainly of annual crops is regarded as poor contributor to carbon accumulation, because its production (carbon hydrate) is decomposed into carbon at a short period, which is emitted to the atmosphere. However, it is thought that fruit tree plays a great role in decreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, same as forest. Net ecosystem exchange of $CO_2$ (NEE) was measured to estimate carbon fixation capacity using an eddy covariance (EC) system method in 2 years from 2005 to 2006 at an apple orchard in Uiseong, Gyeongbuk. Average air temperature values were higher in 2006 than in 2005 during the dormant season, and lower by about $5^{\circ}C$ over the growing season causing visible cold injuries. Accordingly, we investigated long-term exchange of carbon to determine how much difference of carbon fixation capacity was shown between 2006 and 2005 in terms of environmental and plant variables such as NEE, leaf area index (LAI), and Albedo. NEE was $4.8Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in 2005 and $4.7Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in 2006, respectively. Low temperature after July in 2006 decreased LAI values faster than those in 2005. Meanwhile, Albedo values were higher after July in 2006 than in 2005. These results show that the low temperature after July in 2006 apparently affected apple growth.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.773-781
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• 2002

The natural carbon cycle has been perturbed since the mid-19th century by anthropogenic CO$_2$emissions from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation due to population growth and industrialization. The current study simulated the global carbon cycle for the past 42 years using an eight-box carbon cycle model. The results showed that since the terrestrial biospheric carbon sink was roughly offset by the deforestation source, the fossil fuel emission source was partitioned between the atmospheric and oceanic sinks. However, the partitioning ratio between the atmosphere and the ocean exhibited a change, that is, the carbon accumulation rate was faster in the atmosphere than in the ocean, due to a decrease in the so-called ocean buffering capacity. It was found that the ocean buffering capacity to take up excess CO$_2$decreased by 50% in terms of the buffer factor over the past 42 years. Accordingly, these results indicate that if the current CO$_2$emission trend continues, the future rate of increase in the atmospheric CO$_2$concentration will accelerate.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.425-436
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• 2015

The carbon cycle came into the spotlight due to the climate change and forests are well-known for their capacity to store carbon amongst other terrestrial ecosystems. The annual organic carbon of litter production, forest floor litter layer, soil, aboveground and belowground part of plant, standing biomass, net primary production, uptake of organic carbon, soil respiration, etc. were measured in Mt. Worak in order to understand the production and carbon budget of Quercus serrata forest that are widely spread in the central and southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The total amount of organic carbon of Q. serrata forest during the study period (2010-2013) was 130.745 ton C ha^-1. The aboveground part of plant, belowground part of plant, forest floor litter layer, and organic carbon in soil was 50.041, 12.510, 4.075, and 64.119 ton C ha^-1, respectively. The total average of carbon fixation in plants from photosynthesis was 4.935 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1 and organic carbon released from soil respiration to microbial respiration was 3.972 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1. As a result, the net ecosystem production of Q. serrata forest estimated from carbon fixation and soil respiration was 0.963 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1. Therefore, it seems that Q. serrata forest can act as a sink that absorbs carbon from the atmosphere. The carbon uptake of Q. serrata forest was highest in stem of the plant and the research site had young forest which had many trees with small diameter at breast height (DBH). Consequentially, it seems that active matter production and vigorous carbon dioxide assimilation occurred in Q. serrata forest and these results have proven to be effective for Q. serrata forest to play a role as carbon storage and NEP.