• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2001

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy(HBO) is defined as breathing 100% oxygen while in an enclosed system pressurized to greater than on atmosphere(sea level). This increased oxygen delivery furthers your body's ability to kill germs and to increase healing. HBO is a supplemental therapy to be used in addition to the current medical and surgical therapy you are receiving. HBO typically is used to complement treatments of medical problems such as bone infections, complication of radiotherapy, and certain chronic, non-healing wounds. On an emergency basis, the chamber also is used to treat problems such as carbon monoxide poisoning and the decompression sickness. We analysed stastically cases which are treated by hyperbaric oxygen therapy in point of oral and maxillofacial region on the Kangnam General Hospital for aid in comprehension and application of this therapy. Total 760 patients were treated at Gangnam General Hospital from July 1996 to September 1999. They were classified by region to Decompression sickness(DCS), Carbon monoxide poisoning(CO), General surgery(GS), Orthopedics(OS), Oral and Maxillofacial surgery(OMFS), others. Patients of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery were divided by diseses to Osteomyelitis, Osteoradionecrosis, Reconstruction, Bone graft, Difficult wounds, others. The results were as follows. 1. This institute conducts HBO therapy for DCS which takes up 62% and 10.5% for OMF region. 2. In OMF region, Osteomyelitis is 40%, Osteoradionecrosis is next, Bone graft, and Reconstruction is a row. 3. According to our precious study, HBO has been frequently conducted in OMF region compared to past, however, it is less actively conducted in this area for research than other conturies. Therefore, We need further application to the clinical use.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.590-602
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to prevent asphyxiation of firefighters during confined space rescue. The specific purpose was to identify the magnitude of the problem, identify the cause of the accidents, and suggest measures to ensure safety of confined space rescues. Methods: We collected data from National Fallen Firefighters Memorial, press releases, and other sources In order to identify the current situation of asphyxiation incidents among firefighters from 1945 to 2019. In addition, an incident investigation was conducted for each case, and the processes, causes, and control measures of the incidents were described as a narrative data entry. Results: Over the past 73 years, eight incidents involving firefighter in Korea have occurred. In these incidents, five firefighters were killed, and eight were injured. The confined spaces incidents occurred were water supply tanks, wastewater treatment tanks, pickling pits, septic tanks, and more. The causes were three cases of hydrogen sulfide poisoning, one of oxygen deficiency, one of carbon monoxide poisoning, and three unclassifiable asphyxiations. The people in need were all workers in various industries. Conclusions: The number of firefighters' deaths and injuries during rescues in confined spaces was severe and the risks have not been completely eliminated. By establishing and implementing a precise incident investigation system, according control measures should be initiatedin order to prevent a recurrence of the same type of disaster and reflected in the SOP. In particular, due to the high risk of occurrence at workplaces, cooperation between fire and rescue authority and relevant agencies such as the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the KOSHA should be strengthened.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.80.2-80.2
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• 2010

The development of high temperature-proton exchange fuel cell (HT-PEFC) is a key in solving the problem of carbon monoxide poisoning of the platinum at anode as well as water management in PEFCs operated below $90^{\circ}C$. In order to overcome these main issues, PEFCs must be operated at high temperature above $120^{\circ}C$. Ionic liquids are available for HT-PEFC due to exhibiting non-volatility and thermal stability. Ionic liquids are however leached out from polymeric matrix resulting in the increase of gas permeability. In this study, we have prepared and characterized the composite membranes with the ionic liquids consisting of 1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-3-butyl imidazolium chloride immobilized by the cross-linkers in pore-filling membrane to prevent to be leached out from the membrane. We confirmed that cross-linked ionic liquids were not leached out from the composite membranes through the various characteristic analyses. It was also verified that the prepared membranes are thermally stable from the result of TG analysis. The pore-filling membranes with the immobilized ionic liquids have a high proton conductivity over $10^{-2}$ S/cm at high temperature (> $120^{\circ}C$).

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 1980

We studied four patients with muscle necrosis associated with acute renal failure to evaluate the diagnostic value of the bone scan in this disease. The illness followed carbon monoxide poisoning in two patients, acute physical exertion in one and contaminated intramuscular injection in the other. Whole-body rectilinear bone scans using technetium 99m-methyldiphosphonate were done. In all patients, increased muscle labelling at the regions of suspected muscle injury was showed, and in one, it was after normalization of serum muscle enzyme levels. In one patient, the bone scan was rechecked 8 months later and showed no residual abnormality. Above all, the site and precise extent of muscle injury could be detected and the degree of muscle labelling seemed to correlate with the severy of muscle injury. These findings suggest that isotope scanning may be useful in the diagnosis of patients with acute muscle necrosis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.359-366
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• 1974

The authors collected epidemiological and clinical informations on 1,307 CO patients from the questionairefilled by attendants of patients and from the clinical records kept in the hospital. All patients were treated by hyperbaric oxygenation at the Hyperbaric Chamber Unit of Seoul National University Hospital during 5 years, from January, 1969 to December, 1973. The following findings were obtained. 1. Female showed higher incidence rate than male. The highest incidence rate was observed in the age group of 15-29 years in both sex. 2. The most important variable influencing the recovery of the patients was the starting time of treatment. It was evident that earlier the starting time, shorter the recovery time. 3. Duration of admission was within 5 days in 57.1 percent of the admitted cases and 76.1 percent of them was discharged within 8 days. 4. As the complications, pulmonary edema, bronchopneumonia and trophic changes were observed. Also the neurological disorders were found. 5. The fatality rate followed by the hyperbaric oxygenation was 1.07 percent.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2011

Differences in the frequency characteristic applied to a ripple current may shorten fuel cell life span and worsen the fuel efficiency. Therefore, this paper presents an experimental analysis of the ripple current applied variable frequency characteristic in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). This paper provides the first attempt to examine the impact of ripple current through immediate measurements on a single cell test. After cycling for hours at three frequencies, each polarization and impedance curve is obtained and compared with those of a fuel cell. Through experimental results, it can be absolutely concluded that low frequency ripple current leads to long-term degradation of a fuel cell. Three different PEMFC failures such as membrane dehydration, flooding and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning that lead to an increase in the impedance magnitude at low frequencies are simply introduced.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.656-663
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• 1985

연탄 연소시 발생하는 일산화탄소의 촉매전환에 의한 제독 실험을 실시하였다. 구형 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ pellets, ceramic foam, honeycomb 등 세가지 다른 형태의 지지체에 0.2%의 백금을 담지시킨 후 촉매를 연탄연소 실험에 응용한 결과 첫회 사용시에는 일산화탄소의 제거효과가 모두 우수하였으나 반복 사용할 경우 사용횟수에 따라 촉매활성 전하 현상이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 사용한 촉매양에 비하여 ceramic foam 촉매가 제독효과 및 내구성에서 가장 우수하였다. 촉매활성저하 원인은 아연 및 황화합물에 의한 촉매독이 뚜렷하였고 소결 등에 의한 백금 활성면적의 감소현상도 동시에 나타났다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.348-356
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the number of suicide deaths in women, trends in suicide mortality, characteristics of suicide by age, and outcomes of suicide means over the past decade (2011-2021) in South Korea. Methods: Using cause of death data from Statistics Korea, an in-depth analysis of Korean women's suicide trends was conducted for the period of 2011-2021. Results: In 2021, women's suicide death in Korea was 4,159, a rate of 16.2 per 100,000 population. The rate increased by 1.4% from the previous year. Since 2011, women's suicide rate has been on a steady downward trend, but since 2018, it has been on the rise again. Suicide rates among women in their 20s and 30s have increased, especially since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, and suicide rates among women over 70 years remain high. As compared to 2011, pesticide poisoning and hanging among the means of suicide have decreased significantly, while drug and carbon monoxide continue to increase. Conclusion: Suicide rates for Korean women in their 20s and 30s have increased significantly in recent years, and those for women over 70 years remain high. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the causes and establish national policies for targeted management of these age groups, which contributes significantly to the rising suicide rate among Korean women.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2017

고분자전해질 연료전지(PEMFC: polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell)는 일산화탄소(CO)나 황화수소($H_2S$)가 포함된 연료가 주입될 경우 성능이 저하된다. 일반적으로 멀캅탄 계열의 부취제가 첨가된 탄화수소를 개질하여 생성된 수소에는 미량의 황화수소가 포함되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 황화수소를 수소에 첨가하여 anode에 주입하였을 경우에 연료전지 성능에 미치는 영향을 파악하고, 3가지 다른 회복방법인 순수 수소 주입법, 전위 순환법과 물 순환법을 적용한 경우의 회복률을 비교하여 보았다. PEMFC의 성능은 전기화학적 방법인 polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)와 cyclic voltammetry (CV)를 사용하여 분석하였다. 피독에 대한 회복방법인 순수 수소 주입법과 전위 순환법을 사용한 경우에는 회복률이 적었고, 물 순환법을 사용한 경우에는 초기에 대비하여 약 95% 이상 성능이 회복된 것을 확인하였다. 직접적으로 피독에 노출된 anode에 물을 흘린 경우의 성능회복률이 높았으며, cathode에 흘린 경우에도 물의 crossover에 의한 효과로 전위 순환법보다 우수한 회복률을 보였다. 이러한 연구결과로부터 황화수소 피독에 대한 회복기법을 구축함으로서 연료전지의 내구성을 향상시킬 수 있고, 불순물이 미량 함유된 저가 수소의 사용을 가능하게 함으로서 연료전지 보급에도 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1980

The ultimate goal of treatment of carton monoxide poisoning is to promote dissociation of carboxyhemoglobin and to maintain arterial $PO_2$ above 50mmHg throughout the course of treatment to protect vital organs from damage caused by hypoxia. The hyperbaric chamber designed and manufactured for this purpose has obviousely made an enormous contribution and yet has several handicaps to be overcome by any means. These handicaps are: the financial impact to purchase the chamber (especially in a small, remote community), an extra manpower requirement to operate the device, limitation in the capacity of the chamber (one man type), and the possible hazard of oxygen intoxication and dysbarism. The primary objective of this study is to develope a new therapeutic measure as an alternative to the hyperbaric chamber when it is not available or contraindicated. The effect of intestinal perfusion with hydrogen peroxide has been studied by many investigators and was known to be an excellent way of extrapulmonary oxygen supply. the advantage of this method will include; 1) much more amount of oxygen is delivered to the tissue than one would expect from 100% saturation with oxygen at 1 ata, 2) the procedure is simple and most economical, 3) neither sophisticated equipment nor extra manpower is required. As a study preliminary to the clinical application, authors conducted a series of experiment to observe the effect of hydrogen peroxide enema on dissociation of carboxyhemoglobin in intoxicated rabbit blood. Using an animal gas chamber, 20 rabbits were exposed to CO gas of 6,000 ppm for 60 minutes. Ten rabbits of control group were given 10cc of warmed normal saline solution by reactal perfusion and for the other 10 of the experimental group, the same amount of 1% $H_{2}O_{2}$ solution was given by the same way. Two blood specimens were drawn from each rabbit: the first one immediately following the exposure and the second one after rectal perfusion, about 30 minutes after the first sampling. The result was as follows; 1) The decrease in carboxyhemoglobin concentration during the first 30 minutes in the control and experimental group were $18.18{\pm}4.49%\;and\;23.03{\pm}4.13%$ respectively shelving the significant difference (p<0.05) between the two groups. 2) Hemoglobin and hematocrit value showed no significant difference between two groups and not altered significantly by intestinal perfusion with $H_{2}O_{2}$.