• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.15-37
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• 2015

Ongoing efforts for improved fracture toughness of engineered cementitious materials address the inherent brittleness of the binding matrix at several different levels of the material's geometric scale through the addition of various types of reinforcing fibers. Crack control is required for crack widths that cover the entire range of the grain size spectrum of the material, and this dictates the requirement of hybrid mixes combining fibers of different size (nano, micro, macro). Use of Carbon Nano-Tubes (CNT) and Carbon Nano-Fibers (CNFs) as additives is meant to extend the crack-control function down to the nanoscale where cracking is believed to initiate. In this paper the implications of enhanced toughness thus attained at the material nanostructure are explored, with reference to the global smeared constitutive properties of the material, through consistent interpretation of the reported experimental evidence regarding the behavior of engineered cementitious products to direct and indirect tension.

• Carbon letters
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• 제28권
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• pp.66-71
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• 2018

To improve the flame retardant performance of cellulose fibers, fluorine functional groups were introduced under various controlled fluorination conditions. The properties of the fluorinated cellulose fibers were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a thermogravimetric analysis. The fluorine functional group content in the fluorinated cellulose fibers increased with an increase in the fluorination temperature. However, the fluorination reaction increased the char yield and decreased the rate of degradation of the cellulose fibers by introducing donors, enabling the formation of a thick and compact char layer. Therefore, the flame retardant properties of cellulose fibers were improved following the fluorination treatment.

• Carbon letters
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2016

In the present study, exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) with different particle sizes were coated onto polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers by a direct coating method. The flexural properties, interlaminar shear strength, and the morphology of the xGnP-coated carbon fiber/phenolic matrix composites were investigated in terms of their longitudinal flexural strength and modulus, interlaminar shear strength, and by optical and scanning electron microscopic observations. The results were compared with a phenolic matrix composite counterpart prepared without xGnP. The flexural properties and interlaminar shear strength of the xGnP-coated carbon fiber/phenolic matrix composites were found to be higher than those of the uncoated composite. The flexural and interlaminar shear strengths were affected by the particle size of the xGnP, while the particle size had no significant effect on the flexural modulus. It seems that the interfacial contacts between the xGnP-coated carbon fibers and the phenolic matrix play a role in enhancing the flexural strength as well as the interlaminar shear strength of the composites.

• Carbon letters
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2013

The effects of heat treatment temperature (HTT) of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber (CF) on the mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties of C/C composites were investigated. It was found that HTT (graphitization) of CF affects the thermal conductivity and mechanical and tribological characteristics of C/C composites. Thermal treatment of fibers at temperatures up to $2800^{\circ}C$ led to a decrease of the wear rate and the friction coefficient of C/C composite-based discs from 7.0 to 1.1 ${\mu}m$/stop and from 0.356 to 0.269, respectively. The friction surface morphology and friction mechanism strongly depended on the mechanical properties of the CFs. The relief of the friction surface of composites based on CFs with final graphitization was also modified, compared to that of composites based on initial fibers. This phenomenon could be explained by modification of the abrasive wear resistance of reinforcement fibers and consequently modification of the friction and wearing properties of composites. Correlation of the graphitization temperature with the increased flexural and compressive strength, apparent density, and thermal conductivity of the composites was also demonstrated.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 1999년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.160-163
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• 1999

The mechanical properties and failure behaviour of carbon/phenolic composites were inverstigated by tension and compression. Carbon/phenolic composites were fabricated by infiltration of matrix into 8 harness satin woven fabric of PAN-based carbon fibers. The tensile and compressive tests were performed at 25℃ under air atmosphere and, at 400℃ and 700℃ under N₂ atmosphere. The tensile strengths of carbon/phenolic composites in with-laminar/0° warp direction were about 10 times higher than those in with-laminar/45° warp direction, which was analyzed due to a change of fracture mode from fiber pull-out by shear to tensile fracture of fibers. The fracture of carbon/phenolic composites in with-laminar/45° direction was analyzed due to delamination by buckling. Tensile and compressive strength of carbon/phenolic composites decreased to about 50% at 400℃, and to about 10% at 700℃ compared to that at room temperature. The main reason for the decrease of tensile or compressive strength with increasing temperature was analyzed due to a reduction of bond strength between fibers and matrix resulting from thermal degradation of phenolic resin.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.259-263
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• 2010

Carbon fibers are used as a reinforcement material in an epoxy matrix in advanced composites due to their high mechanical strength, rigidity and low specific density. An important aspect of the mechanical properties of composites is associated to the adhesion between the surface of the carbon fiber and the epoxy matrix. This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of electron beam irradiation on the physicochemical properties of carbon fibers to obtain better adhesion properties in resultant composite. Chemical structure and surface elements of carbon fiber were determined by FT-IR, elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which indicated that the oxygen content increased significantly with increasing the radiation dose. Thermal stability of the carbon fibers was studied via the thermalgravimetric analysis. Surface morphology of carbon fiber was analyzed by scanning electron microscope. It was found that the degree of surface roughness was increased by electron beam irradiation.

• 폴리머
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2013

본 실험에서는, 양극산화 처리된 탄소섬유의 표면변화가 탄소섬유강화 복합재료의 기계적 계면특성을 통하여 살펴보았다. 양극산화 처리된 탄소섬유의 표면특성은 FTIR, XPS, 그리고 SEM을 통하여 알아보았다. 복합재료의 기계적 계면특성은 층간전단강도(interlarminar shear strength; ILSS)와 임계세기인자(critical stress intensity factor; $K_{IC}$) 그리고 임계변형속도에너지(critical strain energy release rate; $G_{IC}$)를 통하여 고찰하였다. 실험결과 양극산화에 의한 각각의 표면 처리된 탄소섬유는 표면특성의 변화를 가져오며, 복합재료의 ILSS, $K_{IC}$, 그리고 $G_{IC}$같은 기계적 계면특성은 탄소섬유의 양극산화를 통하여 향상되어진다. 전해질이 20% 황산/질산(3/1)일 때 다른 전해질보다 기계적 물성의 가장 큰 향상을 보였다. 이는 양극산화로 탄소섬유와 매트릭스 사이의 계면결합력의 향상때문이라 판단된다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2017

This study used general carbon fibers(CF), which can be utilized for a low voltage cable screen, as well as metal-coated carbon fibers(MCF) to make cables and analyzed the properties of electromagnetic effectiveness. Both braid CF and MCF cables with 3,000 strands, 16 spindles, and braid density of 90% or over were adopted. The tape-type MCF specimens were spread into a tape(width: 15mm) using a hot melt to make a cable. The shield effectiveness was measured up to the 1GHz range in accordance with IEC 62153-4-6; braid shielded cables featured a superior shielding effect at 63dB than tape-type shielded cables. That was because the tape-type shielded cable has relatively more gaps and holes between carbon fibers than the braid type, resulting in a more inflow or emission of electromagnetic waves. In the case of braid cables, the characteristics of their electromagnetic waves were enhanced, with higher spindles and higher conductivity of carbon fibers. The shield effectiveness of the MCF shielded cable, however, was lower than that of tin-coated one.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2011

철근콘크리트 구조물의 보강에 자주 사용하는 탄소 섬유나 유리 섬유 대신에 이 두 가지 섬유를 동시에 사용하여 하이브리드 효과를 얻기 위한 연구를 시도하였다. 하이브리드 효과를 얻기 위해서는 탄소 섬유와 유리 섬유를 적절한 비율로 조합해야 되며, 이러한 비율로 제작된 실험체를 이용하여 하이브리드 FRP 직접 인장 실험을 수행할 수 있다. 하이브리드 FRP 실험체는 직조된 섬유 시트를 이용하는 현장과 다르게, 섬유를 직접 조합해야 하는 이유로 작업이 쉽지 않다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 고강도 탄소 섬유와 E형 유리 섬유의 조합에 따른 1축 직접 인장 실험체의 제작 방법을 제안하여 실험을 통하여 하이브리드 효과를 분석하였다. 하이브리드 FRP로 가장 적합한 섬유 조합은 연성 지수, 탄성계수 및 응력-변형률 곡선을 비교한 결과 연성 K형 에폭시를 사용한 유리 섬유 : 탄소 섬유 = 9 : 1(체적비)가 가장 적합한 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2016

In order to use coal tar pitch (CTP) as a raw material for carbon fibers, it should have suitable properties such as a narrow range of softening point, suitable viscosity and uniform optical properties. In this study, raw CTP was modified by heat treatment with three types of polymer additives (PS, PET, and PVC) to make a spinnable pitch for carbon fibers. The yield, softening point, C/H ratio, insoluble yield, and meso-phase content of various modified CTPs with polymer additives were analyzed by changing the type of polymer additive and the heat treatment temperature. The purpose of this study was to compare the properties of CTPs modified by polymer addition with those of a commercial CTP. After the pitch spinning, the obtained green fibers were stabilized and carbonized. The properties of the respective fibers were analyzed to compare their uniformity, diameter change, and mechanical properties. Among three polymer additives, PS220 and PET261 pitches were found to be spinnable, but the carbon fibers from PET261 showed mechanical properties comparable with those of a commercial CTP produced by an air-blowing method (OCI284). The CTPs modified with polymer additive had higher ${\beta}$-resin fractions than the CTP with only thermal treatment indicating a beneficial effect of carbon fiber application.