• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.44-45
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• 2020

Korea has the fourth highest CO₂ emission among OECD countries in 2018, As of 2019, total greenhouse gas emissions per capita increased by about 98.2% in comparison to 1990. Korea has promised a 37% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 from the projected Paris Climate Change Accord. Currently, many countries use the emissions trading system(ETS) for international carbon management. In 2015, ETS has been implemented in Korea, and the importance of calculating CO₂ emissions from construction machinery has increased. So, we require an accurate calculation of the environmental charges through the allocated CERs. Using the CER price and related search keywords, this paper derive about prediction models of CER price and compare and focus on more accurate prediction about CER price. By this method, the budget needed to establish the initial construction process plan can be calculated based on more accurate predicted CER price.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.107-110
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• 2013

Recently, Korea parliament legislated the Low Carbon Green Growth Act (April, 2012) and approved a bill (May, 2012) to start carbon emission trading system in 2015. It means that for the first time, government would regulate the amounts of carbon emission in private entities, and private entities should attain predefined emission reduction goals by implementing clean development mechanism (CDM) project or buy the Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from the trading market to avoid penalty. Under these circumstances, it is not easy for them to determine when or how to implement the CDM project because the governmental energy policies about the level of governmental subsidies, periods for free emission allocation, etc. are still under discussion and the future price of the CERs is quite uncertain. Thus, this study presents a real-option based model to assess the financial viability of the CDM project which switches bunker-C oil to liquefied natural gas (LNG). The proposed model is expected to assist private entities in establishing the investment strategy for CDM project under uncertain government energy policies.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.419-428
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• 2023

This study estimates the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from energy sector of Changwon city from 2012 to 2020 and scenario analysis of GHGs reductions pathways in the context of the goal of 2030 NDC and 2050 carbon neutral scenario in Korea. As a result, the GHG emissions as a reference year of carbon neutral in 2018 were estimated as 8,872,641 tonCO_2eq accounting for 3,851,786 tonCO_2eq (43.6%) of direct source (scope 1) and 4,975,855 tonCO_2eq (56.4%) of indirect source (scope 2). Especially, among indirect sources as purchased electricity, manufacturing sector emitted the largest GHG accounting for 33.0%(2,915 thousands tonCO_2eq) of the total emissions from all energy sectors, scenario analysis of GHG reductions potential from the energy was analyzed 8,473,614 tonCO_2eq and the residual emissions were 354,027 tonCO_2eq. Purchased electricity and industry sector reducted the largest GHG accounting for 58.7%(4,976 thousands tonCO_2eq) and 42.1%(3,565 thousands tonCO_2eq) of the total emissions from all energy sectors, respectively.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.809-850
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• 2012

본 연구는 개별 국가 혹은 지역 단위 배출권 거래제도의 국제적 연계 가능성에 대비하기 위해 한 중 일 3국간의 배출권 거래제도 연계 시 예상되는 경제 환경적 영향을 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 연산가능 일반균형모형을 통해 3국간 배출권 거래제 도입의 경제 환경적 영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과 한 중 일 3국간 탄소시장의 연계는 국가별로 다양한 측면에서 복잡한 영향을 미치게 됨을 확인할 수 있다. 한 중 일 배출권 거래제 연계 시행은 3국 전체의 실질 GDP를 증가시키는 긍정적 효과가 있음에도 불구하고 연계로 인한 이익의 국가간 분배가 불균형적임은 물론 실질 소비나 고용 등의 측면에서는 탄소시장 연계가 3국 전체적으로도 오히려 부정적인 영향을 초래할 수 있다는 점에서 반드시 긍정적인 효과만을 담보하는 것은 아니다. 특히 배출권 매입국인 한국과 일본의 소득 소비 고용 감소 및 에너지 의존도 증가, 배출권 매출국인 중국의 생산 감소 및 해외 이전 가능성은 3국간 탄소시장의 연계의 장애요인으로 작용할 수 있다. 3국간 탄소시장 연계를 통한 긍정적 효과를 최대한 유지하면서 예상되는 부정적 효과를 최소화하기 위해서는 배출권 수입 관세나 수입배출권 할인과 같은 보완적 정책수단의 개발 적용이 필요하다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to calculate the annual carbon reduction of crops according to the carbon fixation method of agricultural land, therefore to analyze whether the economic inducement of farmers to switch from single cropping to double cropping if the amount of carbon reduction were traded on the Korea Exchange. The analysis targets were Gyeonggi Province, which was divided into four areas to compare the difference between agricultural income and carbon income by crop and cropping system. Agricultural profit was estimated by multiplying the prior data of 2012 by the change rate of the consumer price index, and carbon income was calculated through the carbon reduction for each crop and the average transaction price of KAU19 traded on the Korea Exchange. According to the analysis, the profit rate of double cropping in all areas is -110.4% to 23% compared to single cropping, when only agricultural profit is taken into account, with no economic inducement for farmers to change the cropping system. However, when carbon income is taken into account together, the profit rate of double cropping rises significantly from 122.5% to 238.9% over a single operation in all areas, resulting in an economic inducement to switch the cropping system. This research is meaningful in that farming households could raise their income by additional carbon income, and that carbon credits could be supplied at Korea Exchange to further boost the carbon emission exchange.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2020

The construction field must always explore sustainable ways of using its raw materials. Studying the environmental impact generated by reinforced concrete raw materials during their production and transportation can contribute to reducing this impact. This paper initially presents the carbon dioxide emissions from reinforced concrete raw materials, quantified per kilo of raw material and per cubic meter of concrete with different characteristic strengths, for southern Brazil. Subsequently, reinforced concrete elements were optimized to minimize their environmental impact and cost. It was observed that lower values of carbon dioxide emissions and cost savings are generated for less resistant concrete when the structural element is a beam, and that reductions in the cross section dimensions of the beams, sized based on the use of higher strength concrete, may not compensate for the increased environmental impact and costs. For the columns, the behavior differed, presenting lower values of carbon dioxide emissions and costs for higher concrete strengths. The proposed methodology, as well as the results obtained, can be used to support structural projects that have less impact on the environment.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.729-737
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• 2020

This study estimates the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction resulting from photovoltaic and wind power technologies using a bottom-up approach for an indirect emission source (scope 2) in South Korea. To estimate GHG reductions from photovoltaic and wind power activities under standard operating conditions, methodologies are derived from the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national GHG inventories and the guidelines for local government greenhouse inventories of Korea published in 2016. Indirect emission factors for electricity are obtained from the 2011 Korea Power Exchange. The total annual GHG reduction from photovoltaic power (23,000 tons CO_2eq) and wind power (30,000 tons CO_2eq) was estimated to be 53,000 tons CO_2eq. The estimation of individual GHGs showed that the largest component is carbon dioxide, accounting for up to 99% of the total GHG. The results of estimation from photovoltaic and wind power were 63.60% and 80.22% of installed capacity, respectively. The annual average GHG reductions from photovoltaic and wind power per year per unit installed capacity (MW) were estimated as 549 tons CO_2eq/yr·MW and 647 tons CO_2eq/yr·MW, respectively. Finally, the results showed that the level of GHG reduction per year per installed capacity of photovoltaic and wind power is 62% and 42% compared to the CDM project, respectively.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.167-198
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• 2011

최근 우리나라는 2020년 Business-As-Usual(BAU) 대비 30%를 감축하는 탄소배출 감축안을 목표로 설정하였다. 탄소배출 감축목표 달성의 한 방편으로 탄소배출권 거래제가 논의되고 있는 상황이지만, 탄소배출권 거래제를 실시하기 위해서는 가장 먼저 초기 탄소배출권의 배분문제가 해결되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 탄소배출권 초기배분방식 결정이 우리 경제에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 수 있는가를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 협조적 게임이론인 bankruptcy problem에서의 배분방법을 적용해 배출권을 각 산업별로 배분하였다. 산업별 이산화탄소 배출량은 에너지 통계와 산업연관표를 결합한 하이브리드 산업연관표를 이용해 추계하였다. 세 가지 분배방법에 따른 경제적 파급효과 분석에는 녹색성장회계(green growth accounting) 방식이 적용되었다. 분석결과, 2005년~2007년 기간 동안 우리나라의 연평균 경제성장률은 약 4.36%로 추계되는데, Proportional rule에 의한 배분에 의하면 4.03%, Constrained Equal Awards rule에 의한 배분에서는 4.23%, 마지막으로 Constrained Equal Losses rule에 의한 배분으로는 3.67%로 추산되었다. 따라서 경제성장률 측면에서 보면 Constrained Equal Awards rule에 의한 초기 탄소배출권 배분이 가장 바람직한 것으로 분석된다. 이처럼 초기 배출권의 산업별 배분방식이 어떻게 결정되느냐에 따라 경제에 미치는 파급효과가 매우 상이하게 나타나기 때문에 탄소배출권 도입 및 시행을 위해서는 산업 수준의 연구결과를 반영해야 하며, 각 산업의 특성을 고려해야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2021

It is widely accepted that the prevention of global warming requires significant reductions in greenhouse gases, particularly CO₂ emissions. Although fossil fuel-based power plants account for the majority of CO₂ emissions, it is urgent to reduce CO₂ emissions in industries that emit large amounts of CO₂ such as steel, petrochemical, and oil refining. This paper examines the current status of CO₂ emission in the domestic oil refining industry and CO₂ emission sources in each unit process in the oil refining industry. Focusing on the previously developed CO₂ capture process, cases and applicability of greenhouse gas reduction in FCC and hydrogen manufacturing processes, which are major processes constituting the oil refining industry, are reviewed.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.51-67
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• 2008

In this study, we devoted to kinetic measurement of the catalytic oxidation of iron-containing flame soot particles and better understanding the role of catalytic particles on carbon oxidation in particular at low temperature, targeting on autothermal regeneration of diesel particulate filter by diesel exhaust gas. Carbon-based Fe-containing particles generated by spraying ferrocene-doped diesel fuel in an oxy-hydrogen flame are tested and compared with a commercial carbon black powder for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Induced coupled plasma-Atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). As a result, we found that a small amount of the ferrocene addition led to significant reductions in a on-set temperature and an activation energy of the carbon oxidation as well. An oxygenated surface complex forming at the particle surface could be thought as active species that would be readily consumed in particular at low temperature.