• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.8 s.86
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• pp.203-213
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• 2005

Recently, with the increase of the interest to global environmental problems, bicycle has been recognized as the most environmentally friendly transportation mode. To promote cycling, it is necessary to ensure road space that bicycle can keep running safely and smoothly. This paper aims to evaluate the district with rearranged road space and network, given priority to bicycle, comparing the traditional district which are given priority to car from viewpoints of environment, safety and accessibility. As evaluation indicators, the carbon dioxide emission on the environment. the number of collision between car and bicycle on safety and an accumulated frequency measure on accessibility were used. As the result, it was clarified that bicycle road measures to create bicycle road by reallocation of road space and form bicycle exclusive network were effective.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2016

In this paper, optimal designs of bicycle frame were studied for weight reduction of bicycle using carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP), glass-fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) and Kevlar-fiber-reinforced plastic (KFRP), respectively. Based on the anisotropic properties of FRP material, stacking angle and thickness optimization were performed under the safety reference of European committee for standardization (CEN) to ensure the stability of bicycle frame. Finally, performances of FRP bicycle frame was evaluated by digital logic method based on the optimized results of weight, strength properties and cost. Then, the optimized bicycle frame composed of each FRPs were evaluated and ranked by total performance values.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.201-205
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• 2024

Currently, the most important issue on the earth is global warming, which causes climate change and leads to disasters. For this reason, each country is focusing on renewable energy, carbon neutrality, environmentally friendly energy and transportation. Bicycles used as short-distance vehicles do not emit gases harmful to the human body that pollute the Earth's atmosphere. Also, the use of bicycles has the effect of improving the health of people, and each country is designing a short distance transportation network using bicycles. In this study, we propose a model of a bicycle power-train that can use a belt as a power transmission medium. The basic principles and methods for applying the proposed new type of power-train to bicycles are presented.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1135-1146
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• 2015

This thesis aims to improve the safety of bicycle traffic for activating the use of bicycle, main means of non-powered and non-carbon transportation in order to cope with worldwide crisis such as climate change and energy depletion and to implement sustainable traffic system. In this regard, I analyzed the problem of bicycle roads currently installed and operated, and developed the bicycle accident forecasting model. Following are the processes for this. First, this study presented the current status of bicycle road in Korea as well as accident data, collect the data on bicycle traffic accidents generated throughout the country for recent 3 years (2009~2011) and analyzed the features of bicycle traffic accidents based on the data. Second, this study selected the variable affecting the number of bicycle accidents through accident feature analysis of bicycle accidents at Jeollanam-do, and developed accident forecast model using the multiple regression analysis of 'SPSS Statistics 21'. At this time, the number of accidents due to extension per road types (crossing, crosswalk, other single road) was used. To verify the accident forecast model deduced, this study used the data on bicycle accident generated in Gwangju, 2011, and compared the prediction value with actual number of accidents. As a result, it was found out that reliability of accident forecast model was secured through reconciling with actual number of cases except certain data. Third, this study carried out field survey on the bicycle road as well as questionnaire on satisfaction of bicycle road and use of bicycle for analysis of bicycle road problems, and presented safety improvement measures for the problems deduced as well as bicycle activation plans. This study is considered to serve as the fundamental data for planning and reorganizing of bicycle road in the future, and expected to improve safety of bicycle users and to promote activation of bicycle use as the means of transportation.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.45-69
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• 2013

This study estimates baseline greenhouse gas emissions from transport sector when a new town is developed. It has adopted a general greenhouse gas estimation model developed by Schipper, celine, Roger(2000) for the estimation, and showed how various transport related statistics can be utilized in detail. Particularly, it has produced unit greenhouse gas emission factor per vehicle types, vehicle-km, and trip-km. To evaluate effects of greenhouse gas reduction policies, it has calculated how much emissions will be reduced from bicycle promotion. It has turned out that about 369 thousand tons of carbon dioxide will be emitted from transport sector once the 1st Geomdan New Town is developed in Incheon metropolitan city. If the policy of bicycle promotion can attract people to use bicycle as much as 5% of total trips, then it can reduce about 1,869 tons of carbon dioxide.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.265-270
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• 2013

Strength design for a lightweight bicycle frame made of carbon/epoxy composite laminates was studied using Tsai-Wu's failure criterion. For the design of bicycle frames, reducing the weight of the frame is of great importance. Furthermore, the frame should satisfy the required strength under specific loading cases. In accordance with the European EN 14764 standard for bicycle frames, three loading cases-pedaling, vertical, and level loadings-were investigated in this study. Because of the anisotropic characteristics of composite materials, it is important to decide the appropriate stacking sequence and the number of layers to be used in the composite bicycle frame. From finite element analysis results, the most suitable stacking sequence of the fiber orientation and the number of layers were determined. The stacking sequences of $[0]_{8n}$, $[90]_{8n}$, $[0/90]_{2ns}$, $[{\pm}45]_{2ns}$, $[0/{\pm}45/90]_{ns}$ (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) were used in the analysis. The results indicated that the $[0/{\pm}45/90]_{3s}$ lay-up model was suitable for a composite bicycle frame. Furthermore, the weakest point and layer were investigated.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2022

Public bicycles are a representative eco-friendly transportation means that can reduce carbon emissions and play an important role in first/last mile mobility and that can be linked to public transportation in the future MaaS era. In 2008, Changwon City started operating donor bicycles for the first time in Korea. However, as the infrastructure of public bicycles has expanded without a theoretical basis for over 10 years, operating costs are increasing due to a decrease in operational efficiency, which makes it difficult to quantitatively expand the service. In this study, a method for calculating the number of stands suitable for the use of public bicycles was presented, and an efficiency index was developed to evaluate the efficiency of public bicycle infrastructure. The method presented in this study was found by examining the relationship between numbers of rentals and returns of public bicycles and the number of bicycle holders. It is expected that the results can be used by other local governments.

• Clean Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2008

The radioactive wastes generated from the nuclear industry can be divided into the forms of solid, liquid, or gas. Radioactive methyl iodide, a gaseous radioactive waste, is absorbed by activated carbon with 5 wt% of Trietylenediamine (1,4-diazania-bicycle[2.2.2]octane, TEDA) impregnated on the surface. Methyl Iodide ($CH_3I$) is combined chemically with TEDA (the final product : I-TEDA). To recycle radioactive activated carbon, removal of I-TEDA from activated carbon is needed. A wet method for recycling impregnated active carbon was developed to remove radioactive I-TEDA using an acetonitrile solution, which produces lots of secondary wastes. We suggest the removal of I-TEDA by supercritical carbon dioxide with co-solvents. In this experiment, we used a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for measuring the removal rate of the I-TEDA. From the experimental results, methanol was found to be the optimum co-solvent, and the optimum conditions such as temperature, pressure, and co-solvent flow rate were obtained. Possibility of using supercritical fluid in the removal of I-TEDA from radioactive activated carbon was also discussed.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2012

The goal of this study, as an effort to reduce national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is to calculate the carbon footprint of students based on the commute pattern of high school students in big (Seoul), middle (Suwon) and small (Icheon) size city. By conducting a survey, the commute pattern and method of students as well as students' carbon footprint were evaluated. As a result, the carbon footprint of the high school student in Icheon ($1.698kgCO_2$) had 2~3 times higher than student's carbon footprint in Seoul ($0.623kgCO_2$) and Suwon ($0.699kgCO_2$). One of the reasons for the different carbon footprint result between big and small city was whether the public pedestrian facilities and a bicycle path or not. Based on our research results, we pointed out the problems and suggested some ways to reduce carbon footprint of students.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.5-17
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• 2015

Purpose: The goal of this research is to identify the planning techniques of Smart Green City with Ubiquitous method and carbon-neutral city planning techniques and to induce the main planning techniques through the analysis of relative importance and practical adaptation. Method: First of all, eighteen planning techniques were derived and categorized into three organization systems and six sectors through literature review and FGI analysis considering the applicability of Ubiquitous service for carbon-neutral city planning techniques. Secondly, based on expert surveys and AHP analysis, the importance of Smart Green City planning techniques was evaluated. Thirdly, using case study, six cases related to Smart Green City were analyzed for the current status of application of planning techniques. Lastly, considering the importance of planning techniques and practical aspects, the characteristics of Smart Green City and its implication were estimated. Result: Energy, Resource and Waste and Transportation sector were identified as important sectors for Smart Green City. In addition, 'Construction of Smart Grid', 'System for Utilization of New & Renewable Energy', 'Smart Resource Circulation Management System', 'Establishment of Public Transportation Information System basis', 'Construction of Pedestrian / Bicycle oriented Road Environment' are essential planning techniques to create Smart Green City.