• Title/Summary/Keyword: Carbofuran

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Effects of Side-furrow-treated Carbofuran (3G) on the Control of Onion Maggots (Hylemyia antiqua Meigen; Anthomyiidae) and on the Growth Response of Garlics (Carbofuran (3G) 조춘토중처리에 의한 고자리파리의 방제 및 마늘의 생육촉진반응)

  • Choi S.Y.;Lee S.W.;Chung B.K.
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.22 no.4 s.57
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    • pp.271-276
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    • 1983
  • In field studies, the insecticides carbofuran(Furadan 3G) and diazion(3G) at the rate of 1,8 kg a.i./ha as a single side-furrowing treatment from March 13 to April 10(7 to 10 days intervals) were evaluated in terms of the control effects to the onion maggots(Hylemyia antique Meigen) and some phytotonic effects to the garlic plants. The treatments with carbofuran were significantly more effective in onion maggot control than the treatment with diazinon and untreated, and the earlier treatments the better control effects were obtained. Phytotonic effects only with carbofuran on garlic plants were of served as increases ranged $16.5\~23.2\%$ in plant heights, $22.0\~32.0\%$ in stem diameters and $15.5\~22.8\%$ in bulb diameters compared to the untreated. The greatest yield of garlics was resulted in the plots of Match-13 treatments with carbofuran, ca. 10,700kg/ha in the carbofuran treatment, ca. 5637kg/ha in the diazinon treatment and ca. 4728kg/ha in the untreated plots. The magnitude of yield increase of garlics in the plots treated with carbofuran was attributable to positively stimulate the growth response of garlic plants as well as the control effects to onion maggots.

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Effect of Carbofuran on Rice Growth (식물생장조절제(植物生長調節劑) Carbofuran이 벼 생육(生育)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Kim, Soon-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.98-106
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    • 1987
  • The effect of carbofuran (2, 3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-benzofuran-7-ylmethyl carbamate) on rice growth was evaluated as a direct growth stimulant of rice. For this, several laboratory and field trials conducted from 1981 to 1986 at the Yeongnam Crop Experiment Station. Carbofuran solution affected the germination of rice seed. The growth of seminal roots was adversely affected by the increase of carbofuran concentrations while the length of single root became longer with the concentration increment up to 50 ppm. Carbofuran application (0.18g ai/$m^2$) at the rice nurserybed significantly enhanced the rice growth and recovered from the Low temperature damage. The enhancement effect was more pronounced at the plot that applied carbofuran before rice seeding as soil incorporation than top-dressing. The effect of growth enhancement further extended to transplanted lowland rice. This effect was greater at double cropping area (late of June transplanting) compared to single cropping area (May transplanting). Among important agronomic traits, the increment of panicle number was the most important direct effect for increasing rice grain yield by carbofuran application. Carbofuran application also exhibited the reducing effect against low temperature damage at reductive division stage and at rice heading stage and against submergence damage at booting stage through enhancement of fertile grain ratio, ripening ratio or photosynthetic activity.

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Uptake of the Fresh and Aged Residues of Carbofuran by Rice Plants from Soil (침투성(浸透性) 살충제(殺蟲劑) Carbofuran 토양(土壤) 잔류물(殘留物)의 벼에 의(依)한 흡수(吸收))

  • Lee, Jae-Koo;Kyung, Kee-Sung;Wheeler, W.B.
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.103-118
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    • 1989
  • In order to investigate the uptake of the systemic insecticide, carbofuran, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl-N-methyl(arbamate) residues, fresh and aged, by rice plants, they were grown for 42 days in soils containing freshly treated (T-1), 3-month-aged (T-2), and 6-month-aged residues (T-3). The amounts of $^{14}CO_2$ evolved from $^{14}C-carbofuran$ during the 3-and 6-month aging in soil (temp. $22{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ ; moisture, 50% of the maximum water-holding capacity) were 8.9 and 26.7% of the original radioactivity applied, respectively. Mineralization of $^{14}C-carbofuran$ in soil to $^{14}CO_2$ during 42 days of rice growing was 4.4% (T-1), 11.0% (T-2), and 15.7 (T-3). The methanol extract of the 3-and 6-month-aged soils revealed that 3-keto carbofuran phenol (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-7-benzofuranol) was the major metabolite, where as 3-hydroxy carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-7-benzofuranyl-N-methylcarbamate) turned out to be the major metabolite in the shoots by the enzymatic cleavage of the possible conjugate present in the methanol extract. Volatilization of $^{14}C-carbofuran$ in soil during 3-and 6-month-aging, and 42 days of rice growing was 0.026, 0.05, and 0.012-0.018% of the applied radioactivity, respectively. The $^{14}C-radioactivity$ which was absorbed from the soils by rice plants during 42 days of the growing period and persisted in rice plant tissues was 26.8, 21.4, and 10.3% in T-1, T-2, and T-3, respectively. The non-extractable bound residues were 8.3, 37.9, and 54.6% of the originally applied carbofuran in T-1. T-2, and T-3, respectively. The small translocation of $^{14}C-radioactivity$ in T-3 upwards suggests that major metabolite 3-keto carbofuran phenol is conjugated in roots and the low recovery in T-1 indicates the loss of carbofuran from the shoots.

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Effects of Pesticides(Benomyl, Carbofuran, Thiobencarb) on the Asian Toad(Bufo Gargarizans) Embryo Development (농약류(Benomyl, Carbofuran, Thiobencarb)가 두꺼비(Bufo Gargarizans) 배아발달에 미치는 영향)

  • Ko, Sun-Kun
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.207-215
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    • 2020
  • In this experiment, investigated toxicity evaluation of chemicals using Asian toad embryos, along FETAX(Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) protocol. Asian toad, Bufo gargarizans embryo incubated and investigation of Benomyl(Germicide), Carbofuran(Insecticide) and Thiobencarb(Herbicide) effect by probit analysis. As a result, depends on the concentrations of Benomyl, Carbofuran and Thiobencarb, along mortality and malformation rates were increases and larval body length were decreased. The teratogenic concentration(EC50) of Benomyl, Carbofuran and Thiobencarb were 1.03, 8.74, 4.98mg/ℓ, respectively. And when exposed to Benomyl, larvae responded most sensitively to malformations. Embryo lethal concentration (LC50) Benomyl, Carbofuran and Thiobencarb were 7.26, 560.72, 16.87mg/ℓ, respectively. And Benomyl were at the lowest concentration of lethal the embryos. The teratogenic index(TI) were 7.05 in Benomyl, 64.16 in Carbofuran and 3.39 in Thiobencarb, thus TI values were above 1.5, which is the criterion of teratogenicity. Three of the pesticides used in this study were considered to be a teratogenic substances and Carbofuran was the most potent teratogen. And more specific researches are needed to investigate the effects of pesticides on the embryo development of toads and amphibians and their mechanism.

Determination of short-term bioconcentration Factor on BPMC, Carbaryl and Carbofuran in Brachydanio rerio and Xiphophorus hellieri (Brachydanio rerio와 Xiphophorus hellieri를 이용한 BPMC, Carbaryl 및 Carbofuran의 단기간 생물농축계수의 측정)

  • 민경진;전봉식;차춘근;김근배;조영주;송진욱
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.213-220
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    • 1998
  • Bioconcentration factors of some carbamates BPMC, carbaryl and carbofuran were determined. The tested fishes were zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) and red sword tail (Xiphophorus hellieri). The fishes were exposed to 0.05 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0.50 ppm, one- hundredth concentration of 96-hrs $LC_{50}$ and one-thousandth concentration of 96-hrs LCso and test periods were 3, 5 and 8 days. Obtained results are summerized as follows: In the case of BPMC and carbaryl, BPMC and carbaryl concentration in zebrafish extract and BCF s of BPMC, carbaryl were lower than those of red sword tail, and increased as increasing test concentration. In the case of same experimental concentrations, BPMC concentration in zebrafish extract and $BCF_s$ of BPMC were decreased as prolonging test periods. In the case of same experimental periods, carbaryl concentration in zebrafish extract and BCF s of carbaryl were decreased as increasing test concentration, especially dropped at 0.50 ppm. Carbofuran did not bioaccumulate in zebrafish for test periods, in the case of red sword tail, it was impossible to calculate on $BCF_s$ data because test concentration of one-hundredth and one-thousandth of 96hrs $LC_{50}$ was under the detecting limit on GC. Test concentration of 0.05 and 0.10 ppm were the same tendency with BPMC and carbaryl. Determined depuration rate conatant were highest on carbofuran, and followed by carbaryl, and BPMC. It is suggested that low BCF of carbofuran is due to its relatively high water solubility and depuration rate, compared to BPMC and carbaryl. Therefore, carbofuran had no little bioconcentration effect on the aquatic ecosystem.

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Aqueous Photolysis of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Carbofuran (살충제 Carbofuran의 수중광분해)

  • Kim, Kyun;Kim, Yong-Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.172-177
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    • 2002
  • Photodegadation rates of carbofuran in aqueous solution were measured under various test conditions mainly following the guidelines of U.S. EPA and OECD. Half-lives of carbofuran in distilled water were 9.7 days. 3.3 days, and 1 hr under natural sunlight, SUNTEST with UV filter, and SUNTEST without UV filter, respectively. Waters from a paddy field accelerated the decomposition by factor of 6. It was confirmed that the use of SUNTEST could shorten the test period of photodegradation.

Root-zone Placement of Carbofuran for Control of Rice Insect Pests (Carbofuran 수도근계처리의 해충방제효과)

  • Ryu J. K.;Choi S. Y.;Lee H. R.;Song Y. H.
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.16 no.4 s.33
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    • pp.217-220
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    • 1977
  • During 1976 the effects of carbofuran placement in the root zone of the rice plants, the varieties Palkweng and Yushin, were evaluated for control of common rice pests in the paddy field at the Honam Crops Experiment Station. The methods of insecticide placement included the use of capsule formulation and liquid injection by the root-zone liquid insecticide injector designed at the International Rice Research Institute. The single ro~t-zone application of carbofuran at 2 days after transplanting was compared with two and fcur broadcast applications of carbofuran and diazinon. Capsules were the most. effective in controlling the striped rice borer (Chilo suppressalis), small brown plant-hopper (Laodelphax striatellus), green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps) and stripe virus disease which is transmitted by the small brown planthopper. However, one injector application of carbofuran was equal or better the broadcast applications. Their control effectiveness were more significant on Palkweng susceptible to common rice pests than on Yushin resistant to the stripe virus disease.

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In Vivo Metabolic studies on Carbofuran Degradation in carp(Cyprinus carpio L.) (Carbofuran 의 잉어(Cyprinus carpio)체내 대사)

  • Lee, Yang-Kee;Kim, In-Seon;Im, Keon-Jae;Suh, Yong-Tack
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.25-30
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    • 1997
  • Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of $^{14}C-carbofuran$(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamte) were studied in carp(Cyprinus carpio L.) after the treatment of carbofuran at the dose level of 43 parts per billion. Maximum radioactivities in tissues(liver, kidney, gut, gall bladder) and blood of carp were shown 12hrs after the treatment of $^{14}C-carbofuran$. Carbofuran was metabolized to 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran in liver and kindney of carp, and the major metabolite was 3-hydroxycarbofuran. Most radioactivity absorbed into the carp tissues was eliminated 3hrs after transfer of the carp to fresh water. The excretory metabolites were 3-ketocarbofuran(32.3%), 3-hydroxycarbofuran(52.8%) and an unknown metabolite(2.6%) during the period of 3hrs of the excretory experiment.

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Placement of Insecticides in the Root Zone of the Plants for Rice Insect Control (살충제 수도근부주변처리의 해충 방제효과)

  • Choi S. Y.;Lee H. R.;Ryu J. K.
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.16 no.3 s.32
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    • pp.155-161
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    • 1977
  • During 1976 the effects of insecticide placement in the root zone of the rice plants were evaluated for control of rice insect pests in the screenhouse and in the paddy field at Suweon. The methods of insecticide placement included the use of encapsuled formulation and injection of liquid formulation. In screen house experiments, the root' zone placement of carbofuran was highly effective up to 30 days after treatment against the striped rice borers (Chilo sujppressalis) and up to 17 days after treatment against the small brown planthopper(Laodelphax xtriatellus) and the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), while the root-zone placement of omethoate and disyston were ineffective. In field experiments, the injection in every other row by the liquid applicator designed at IRRI was less effective for control of the striped "'rice borers and the small brown planthoppers than the caupsule placement. The single root·zone placement of liquid carbofuran, however, seemed to be equal in 'effectiveness to two broadcast applications of carbofuran and diazinon. In the plots treated at 5 days after transplanting, incidence of the dead hearts by the striped rice borers was much lower than in the plots treated at the 18 days after transplanting.

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A Systematic Application of Insecticides to manage Early Season Insect Pests and Migratory Planthoppers on Rice (본논초기 해충군과 비래성 멸구류의 밀도억제를 위한 살충제의 체계적 처리에 관한 연구)

  • 배윤환;이준호;현재선
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.270-280
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    • 1994
  • This study was conducted to establish a nce insect pest control system, ~ es.ys tematic application of insecticides using carbohran and buproiezin, in Korea. The effects oi various dates of application and rates of buprofezin (25% WP) after carbofuran (3G) soil incorpombon in late May on the pop~~lation densities of the brown planthoppa (BPH) immigrating in July were investigated Appropriate application tune of buprofezin for the BPH that had evaded insecticidal effect of 5011 incorporated carbofuran was late July-early August. Application rate of buprofezln at 7.0g a.i/lOa was enough to suppress the BPH density. Buprofezin treatment after carbofumn soil incorporation could also suppress the whlte backed planthopper population but did not affect the densities oi the paddy rice spiders. Considering the charactenstics of occurring patterns of the nce insect pests in Korea. buprofezin treatment m late July or early August after carbofuran soil incorporation in late May can be a useful application system of ir~sectic~deins controlling early season Insect pests and migmtoly planthoppers on rice.

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