• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 1998

The effects of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides were examined inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase activity in the chicken brain with enzyme-inhibition methods. The acetylcholinesterase activity in chicken brain determined by the Ellman method was 167 mmol/min/g protein. The optimum pH of acetycholinesterase was 8.2. $pl_{50}$ of acetycholinesterase by some organophosphorus were 3.80M of phosphorodlthioate, 4.04M of phosphorothioate, 6.33M of phosphate, and 6.60M of phosphrothiolate. pluto of acetycholinesterase by some carbamates were 5.1 OM of XMC, 5. 90M of carbofuran, 6.16M of isoprocarb, 6.30M of carbaryl, 6.47M of BPMC, and 6.77M of propoxur. pluto of carbamates selected was similar to that of phosphorothioate and phosphate organophosphates.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.266-271
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• 2006

본 연구는 2005년 1월부터 12월까지 경기도와 인천지역에 납품된 14종 농산물 356점 중 카바메이트계 농약 10종 (aldicarb, bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, methiocarb, mehtomyl, isoprocarb, propoxur)을 분석하였다. 대상 농산물 356점중 카바메이트계 농약이 12건 검출율(2.53%)이 검출되었으며, 그 중 2종류의 농약이 검출된 농산물은 1건으로 0.27% 이었다. 군납 농산물중 methomyl(0.84%)로 가장 많이 검출되었으며, carbofuran(0.56%), ethiofencarb(0.56%), carbaryl(0.28%) 순으로 나타났다. Aldicarb, bendiocarb, fenobucarb, methioarb, isoprocarb, propoxur 은 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 검출된 농약은 상추에서 ethiofencarb(0.29 ppm), 고추에서 carbofuran(0.24 ppm), 시금치에서 methomyl(0.23 ppm), carbaryl(0.01 ppm), 배추에서 carbofuran(0.20 ppm), 오이에서 methomyl(0.12 ppm), 쑥갓에서 ethiofencarb(0.01 ppm), 파에서 methomyl(0.01 ppm) 이었으나 모두 MRL 미만으로 안전하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2008

Pesticides are extensively used for the control of crop pests in agriculture and forestry. Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate pesticides are especially effective for the control of a variety of harmful insects. However, these cholinesterase inhibitors are also dangerous to non-target organisms (wildlife and other animals) because of their high acute toxicity. Most poisonings by pesticides occur as a result of misuse or accidental exposure, but intentional killing of unwanted animals also occurs. At the request of a local autonomous entity, we investigated wild bird poisonings by pesticides from 2003 to 2007. The 207 suspicious samples of pesticide poisoning based on the necropsy were analyzed by GC/NPD, GC/FPD, or GC/MSD. We looked for trends in the identification of pesticides in wild birds thought to have died from poisoning. Pesticides were determined in 59% of the total samples analyzed. Phosphamidon and monochrotophos were the most common pesticides identified, which amounted to 77% of the subtotal. Other OP and carbamate pesticides were also found in various concentrations from dead wild birds. The determined rates of pesticides were as high as 86% and 76% in 2003 and 2006, respectively, during an outbreak of avian influenza in Korea.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2008

This research was conducted to develop a quick and sensitive method of detecting carbamate residues using the immobilization of antibody-antigen interactions with surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We have used commercialized surface plasmon resonance equipment (Biacore 3000). The antibody used for the immunoassay was specific for glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and the antigens included several carbamate pesticides (carbofuran, carbaryl, and benfuracarb). When antigens were applied to the protein GST, the detection limit was 2 ng/mL of carbamate pesticide. The fabricated protein GST maintained its activity for over 200 measurements. Thus we determined that the SPR biosensors could detect the specific reversible binding of a reactant in solution to a binding partner immobilized on the surface of the sensor and allow real-time detection and monitoring.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 1990

The exposures to carbamate pesticides (BPMC specifically) of agricultural workers were estimated by collecting pesticide in air by personal sampler and by analyzing with gas chromatography. Data revealed that the highest BPMC concentration in the aspirated air was $7.7mg/m^3$. Concentrations were generally higher in the group whose spray conditions were controlled than the group uncontrolled. Actual concentations were relatively lower than the values predicted theoretically. These findings suggest that personal sampler be useful in the estimation of pesticide exposure.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-12
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• 2003

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.96.2-97
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• 2003

Carbofuran(CF) is one the most widely used carbamate pesticides in the world applied for insect and nematode control. Due to its widespred use in agriculture and households, contamination of food, water, and air has become serious, and consequently adverse health effects are inevitable in humans, animals, wildlife and fish, it has reported that CF alone or in combination with other carbamate insecticides influences the level of reproductive and metabolic hormones such as thyroxine and corticosterone, and results in impairment of endocrine. (omitted)

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 시판되고 있는 혈청 내 AChE가 acetylthiocholine과 반응하여 GNP에 aggregation 일으키는 원리를 이용하여 신선채소 농산물 중에 저농도 농약을 신속하고 간편하게 분석할 수 있는 비색-신속 농약 검출법을 개발하는 연구를 수행하였다. 먼저 비색-신속 농약 검출법의 최적화를 위해 GNP 입자의 크기에 따른 응집정도를 확인하여 15~20 nm 직경의 GNP를 선정하였고, 혈청의 희석배수와 acetylthiocholine의 농도를 확인하여 GNP 응집 차이가 가장 큰 혈청 1000배 희석과 acetylthiocholine 1 mM을 최적화 조건으로 선정하였다. 비색-신속 농약 검출법의 평가를 위해 최적화된 비색농약분석법을 이용하여 유기인계 농약은 dimethyl amine으로 카바메이트계 농약은 carbofuran으로 민감도를 분석한 결과 모두 7.5 ng/mL까지 검출이 가능한 것으로 확인되었으며 이는 기존의 비색-신속 농약 검출법과 비교했을 때 높은 민감도와 특이성을 나타내었다. 농약 이외에 화학물질인 곰팡이독소 등에 대한 반응성은 확인되지 않아 높은 특이성을 나타내었다. 또한 상추, 깻잎, 양상추에 대한 시료 전처리법을 확립하고 임의로 오염시킨 3종(상추, 깻잎, 양상추)의 농산물에 대해서 회수율을 확인한 결과유기인계와 카바메이트계 농약을 83.85~133.16% 정도의 회수율이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과 볼 때 본 연구에서 개발한 비색-신속 농약 검출법을 이용한다면 시판 농산물의 잔류농약을 신속하고 민감도 높게 검출할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1999

The degree of pesticides accumulation in tap water in Taejon from June 1995 to Apr 1996 was measured by Ellman's coupled enzyme assay. Since organic phosphate and carbamate pesticides specifically inhibit the neurotransmitter modulating enzyme acetylcholinesterase(AChE), the enzyme activity can be used as a diagnosis for the pesticides accumulation in water and various samples. During the period of this study, the enzyme activity was changed almost every week. The lowest enzyme activity was 64 % of that of the control reaction and there are several days showing about 100 % enzyme activity. In general, the enzyme activity is higher in summer than other seasons especially early spring times. The pH value of tap water was very close to neutral(pH 7.0) and it seems that the enzyme activity was not affected by the small pH changes. Either boiling of tap water or addition of NaOH solution decomposed the pesticide components. These results show that AChE assay is a convenient, sensitive, and reliable method for detection of pesticides in water samples.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.154-163
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• 1999

A multiresidue method(MRM) for pesticides must be rapid and must test a wide variety of pesticides at relevant toxicological concentrations. In this study, three kinds of major analytical methods such as Korean Food Code Method, CDFA MRM, and Holstege's method are tested to compare the average recoveries, solvent consumption, and required time for the analysis of 18 organochlorines, 18 organophosphates, and 6 carbamates in spinach samples. Samples for pesticides analysis were extracted and cleaned up according to the respective methods and detected by gas chromatography with selective detectors, ECD and NPD, HPLC with postcolumn reaction system(PCRS). Average recovery of 42 pesticides by Korean Food Code method, CDFA method, and Holstege's method were 91.3%, 88.1%, 89.0%, respectively. Amount of solvent consumption and required time for the analysis of Korean Food Code method were from two and a half times to three times as much as those of another two methods. For the development and legal application of more rapid and effective MRMs, prolonged study is necessary.