• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.217-222
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• 1996

We studied about analyzing carbamate pesticides, organochlorine, organophosphorus pesticides simultaneously using by GC/MSD. For this, instead of HPLC which is generally used in analyzing carbamate pesticides, GC was used and all hydrogen of -NH group in carbamate pesticides were substituted for trifluoroacetyl group which is stable at heat And eight pesticide resdidues were not detected in nine samples circulated in the city.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 1990

The exposures to carbamate pesticides (BPMC specifically) of agricultural workers were estimated by collecting pesticide in air by personal sampler and by analyzing with gas chromatography. Data revealed that the highest BPMC concentration in the aspirated air was $7.7mg/m^3$. Concentrations were generally higher in the group whose spray conditions were controlled than the group uncontrolled. Actual concentations were relatively lower than the values predicted theoretically. These findings suggest that personal sampler be useful in the estimation of pesticide exposure.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2008

This research was conducted to develop a quick and sensitive method of detecting carbamate residues using the immobilization of antibody-antigen interactions with surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We have used commercialized surface plasmon resonance equipment (Biacore 3000). The antibody used for the immunoassay was specific for glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and the antigens included several carbamate pesticides (carbofuran, carbaryl, and benfuracarb). When antigens were applied to the protein GST, the detection limit was 2 ng/mL of carbamate pesticide. The fabricated protein GST maintained its activity for over 200 measurements. Thus we determined that the SPR biosensors could detect the specific reversible binding of a reactant in solution to a binding partner immobilized on the surface of the sensor and allow real-time detection and monitoring.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1325-1330
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• 2008

This study was carried out with the detection for multiresidue of the carbamate pesticide such as carbaryl and cabofuran by enzyme-inhibition method. The check time for determination of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity was selected at 60 sec. The AChE activity in chicken brain determined by the Ellman's method was $162{\mu}$mol/min/g protein. $I_{50}$ for AChE by carbamate pesticide with wet kit was 0.169mg/L of carbaryl and 0.089mg/L of cabofuran, respectively. The incubation time for enzyme kit with substrate kit was 30min for determination of AChE activity. Enzyme kit with substrate kit was stable at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. Limit detection concentration of carbaryl with dry kit for AChE was 0.05mg/L. The dry kit such as wet kit applied Enzyme-Inhibition(EI) method with AChE was confirmed the multi residue method to detect the carbamate pesticides.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.547-552
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• 2008

The detection of carbamate (carbofuran, carbaryl, benfracarb, thiodicarb, and methomil) and organophosphate (diazinon, cadusafos, ethoprofos, parathion-methyl, and chlorpyrifos) pesticide residues with very low detection limits was carried out using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based equipment. The capacity to develop a portable SPR biosensor for food safety was also investigated. The applied ligand for the immunoassays was polyclonal goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (IgG) peroxidase conjugate. Concentration tests using direct binding assays showed the possibility of quantitative analysis. For ligand fishing to find a proper antibody to respond to each pesticide, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were tested. The reproducibility and precision of SPR measurements were evaluated. With this approach, the limit of detection for pesticide residues was 1 ng/mL and analysis took less than 11 min. Thus, it was demonstrated that detecting multi-class pesticide residues using SPR and IgG antibodies provides enough sensitivity and speed for use in portable SPR biosensors.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2000

10 carbamate pesticides were surveyed in domestic and imported green peas, beans, red beans from March 1999 through December 1999. Samples were collected from Gwangju, Mokpo, Suncheon and Yosoo grain markets. This study was performed by post-column ο-phthalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol prior to HPCL fluorophore detection. Pesticides were found in 14 of 80 samples(17.5%). The kinds of pesticide detected in green peas were methomyl, MTMC, carbaryl, those in sesames were oxamyl, carbofuran, carbaryl, 1-naphthol, MIPC, those in beans were oxamyl, MTMC, carbaryl and those in red beans were MTMC, carbaryl. The range of residues detected in green peas, sesames, beans and red beans were 0.002∼0.025ppm, 0.001∼0.469ppm, 0.005∼0.356ppm and 0.017∼0.125ppm, respectively. The most frequently detected pesticides were MTMC(6 times) and carbaryl(5 times), while aldicarb, PHC and BPMC were no detected in all samples. Detection frequencies of carbamate pesticides in imported crops were higher than those in domestic ones except red beans. Only one result of oxamyl residues determined in imported bean was higher than the proposed maximum residue limits of Codex, which was 0.356ppm.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 1998

버드나무 껍질중의 배당체인 salicin으로부터 유래된 salicylic acid와 그 유사화합물인 3-hydroxy benzoic acid의 질산화된 중간체를 출발물질로 하여 몇몇의 알콜과 에스테르화반응을 거쳐 유기인계 및 카바메이트계 화합물의 전구체를 합성하였다. 합성된 전구체의 수산기에 diethylchlorophosphate와 methyl isocyanate를 반응시켜 유기인계 및 카바메이트계 화합물 11종을 합성하였다. 합성된 화합물은 살충, 살균활성실험을 실시하였다. 유기인계 화합물의 벼멸구에 대한 활성은 500 ppm의 농도에서 O-(2-carbomethoxy-4-nitro phenyl) O,O-diethylphosphate 화합물이 96%의 살충력을 보였다. 반면 carbamate 화합물의 경우는 500ppm농도에서 살충력이 전혀 나타나지 않았다. 살균효과는 유기인계 화합물인 경우 도열병에 대해서 ester에 관계없이 250 ppm농도에서 95% 이상의 방제가를 나타냈으며, 그 이외의 병원균에서는 낮은 방제가를 보였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.929-935
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to develop a rapid, simple, and qualitative acetylcholinesterase (AChE)- detection kit, based on a modification of the Ellman and ELISA methods, for the detection of organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) pesticide. The developed kits were used to screen a large number of agricultural samples (spiked and real) for OP and CB pesticide residues. AChE was extracted from the heads of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) using Triton X-100, and was purified through 3 steps: diethylaminoethylcellulose chromatography (DEAE), affinity chromatography and membrane filtering, and Mono-Q column chromatography. Epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B affinity chromatography was used for large-scale purification. The presence of OP and CB pesticide residues in agricultural samples was assayed on the basis of AchE inhibition value. The presence (6 bands) or absence of some colored bands on the test line indicated a negative or positive result, respectively. The limits of detection for measured organophosphorus (OP) and carbamates (CB) pesticide residues in standard pesticide solutions and fortified samples were ranged from 0.50 to 2.50 ppm and 0.50 to 4.75 ppm, respectively.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.266-271
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• 2006

본 연구는 2005년 1월부터 12월까지 경기도와 인천지역에 납품된 14종 농산물 356점 중 카바메이트계 농약 10종 (aldicarb, bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, methiocarb, mehtomyl, isoprocarb, propoxur)을 분석하였다. 대상 농산물 356점중 카바메이트계 농약이 12건 검출율(2.53%)이 검출되었으며, 그 중 2종류의 농약이 검출된 농산물은 1건으로 0.27% 이었다. 군납 농산물중 methomyl(0.84%)로 가장 많이 검출되었으며, carbofuran(0.56%), ethiofencarb(0.56%), carbaryl(0.28%) 순으로 나타났다. Aldicarb, bendiocarb, fenobucarb, methioarb, isoprocarb, propoxur 은 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 검출된 농약은 상추에서 ethiofencarb(0.29 ppm), 고추에서 carbofuran(0.24 ppm), 시금치에서 methomyl(0.23 ppm), carbaryl(0.01 ppm), 배추에서 carbofuran(0.20 ppm), 오이에서 methomyl(0.12 ppm), 쑥갓에서 ethiofencarb(0.01 ppm), 파에서 methomyl(0.01 ppm) 이었으나 모두 MRL 미만으로 안전하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2007

This study was conducted in cut rose cultivation field in Goyang to evaluate pesticide exposure of farmers and the relationship between the exposure and work environment/method for cut rose farmers. Dermal exposure was assessed with patch (thin chromatography layer paper), cotton glove by body parts during mixing and spraying works in which pyrethroid, organophosphate, carbamate pesticide were used in 4 cut rose greenhouses located in Goyang province, checking characteristics of environment/working method at the same time. Body parts assessed were as follows ; glove : hand, patch : head, neck(front/back), chest, back, shoulder(right/left), upperarm(right/left), forearm(right/left), thigh(right/left), shin(right/left). Pesticides were analyzed using gas chromatography(NPD/FID) after extracting with ethyl acetate. Exposure amount differed according to pesticide type. But after standardizing with total net weight of pesticide sprayed, there were no significant difference among pesticides. There were significant difference in exposure amount among body parts(especially exposure amount of thigh, shin were more than the others), which means exposure happen not by pesticide dispersion in air but by contact with cut rose(leaf, branch) indirectly. Walking forward during spraying made farmers more exposed than waling backward, these results means contacts with leaves/branches made exposure happen in cut rose greenhouse also. As a result, pesticide exposure in cut rose greenhouse was related with contact of leaf/branch which pesticide remained in, which made exposure pattern (especially exposure amount) differ by body parts