• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.3215-3218
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• 2011

A new anion receptor utilizing carbamate functionality as hydrogen bonding site has been designed and synthesized. This new receptor 2 has two amide hydrogens and two carbamate hydrogens anchored at 1,8-position of anthracene. These four hydrogens form a concave structure for the anions and the receptor 2 was found to be a selective receptor for acetate among the anions investigated.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2008

This research was conducted to develop a quick and sensitive method of detecting carbamate residues using the immobilization of antibody-antigen interactions with surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We have used commercialized surface plasmon resonance equipment (Biacore 3000). The antibody used for the immunoassay was specific for glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and the antigens included several carbamate pesticides (carbofuran, carbaryl, and benfuracarb). When antigens were applied to the protein GST, the detection limit was 2 ng/mL of carbamate pesticide. The fabricated protein GST maintained its activity for over 200 measurements. Thus we determined that the SPR biosensors could detect the specific reversible binding of a reactant in solution to a binding partner immobilized on the surface of the sensor and allow real-time detection and monitoring.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1325-1330
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• 2008

This study was carried out with the detection for multiresidue of the carbamate pesticide such as carbaryl and cabofuran by enzyme-inhibition method. The check time for determination of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity was selected at 60 sec. The AChE activity in chicken brain determined by the Ellman's method was $162{\mu}$mol/min/g protein. $I_{50}$ for AChE by carbamate pesticide with wet kit was 0.169mg/L of carbaryl and 0.089mg/L of cabofuran, respectively. The incubation time for enzyme kit with substrate kit was 30min for determination of AChE activity. Enzyme kit with substrate kit was stable at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. Limit detection concentration of carbaryl with dry kit for AChE was 0.05mg/L. The dry kit such as wet kit applied Enzyme-Inhibition(EI) method with AChE was confirmed the multi residue method to detect the carbamate pesticides.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1987

ABSTRACT-Agricultural products collected from the suburbs of Chuncheon in 1984 were analyzed for carbamate pesticides by GLC-NPD. O-tert-butyl phenyl methyl carbamate(BPMC) was detected in most samples and their residue levels in strawberry, tomato, cucumber, grape, apple and chinese cabbage were in the range of non-detectable to 0.2356 ppm(Av. 0.0539 ppm). 1- naphthyl methyl carbamate(N AC) were detected in cucumber, grape and chinese cabbage and their residue levels were in the range of non-detectable to 0.0265 ppm. O-cumeryl methyl carbamate(MIPC) was detected in only chinese cabbage and its residue levels were in the range of non-detectable to 0.0059 ppm. Detection frequencies of BPMC, MIPC and NAC in the chinese cabbage were higher than those the others.others.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2000

Ginseng (the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Araliaceae) has been used for traditional medicine in China, Korea, Japan and other Asian countries. It is most often used as a general tonic, and it involves a wide range of pharmacological actions, such as antiaging, adaptogen-like effect to foreign deleterious infringement, immunoenhancement, antistress, antitumor, and antioxidant actions. Red ginseng showed anticarcinogenic activity against various chemical carcinogens in mouse and cancer-preventive effect of human being as on mice in experimental and epidemiological studies. In the present study, we have found the protective properties of red ginseng against vinyl carbamate (VC) which is the proximate carcinogen of ethyl carbamate and its ultimate carcinogenic epoxides. Red ginseng exhibited dose-dependent inhibition on the mutagenci activities of boty VC in the presence of S9 mix and vinyl carbamate epoxide (VCO) without metabolic activation in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. Formation of DNA adducts from VCO was also attenuated in the presence of red ginseng. Oral administration of red ginseng prior to the topical application of each of the above carcinogens and TPA treatment resulted in significant reduction in both incidence and multiplicity of skin tumors in mice. These results indicate that red ginseng possesses a strong chemopreventive effect against mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by VC or VCO.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.112-116
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• 2006

Levels of ethyl carbamate, by-product produced naturally during fermentation, in Korean alcoholic beverages were determined by Gas Chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected ion mode (GC/MS/SIM), and their daily intake by Korean adult group was estimated. In GC/MS/SIM analysis 0.8-10.1, 0.5-0.8, 0.4-0.9, 3.5-689.9, 8.4-30.3, 13.9-30.0, and 1.7-11.7 ppb of ethyl carbamate were detected in soju, beer, takju, fruit wine, cheongju, whiskey, and grape wine, respectively. Maximum daily exposure of ethyl carbamate through alcoholic beverage consumption was 7.41 ng/kg body weight/day for average Korean male, with one soju brand and two fruit wine brands showing high ethyl carbamate level.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2007

Levels of ethyl carbamate, a potential carcinogen produced naturally during fermentation, in major Korean fermented foods and some selected alcoholic beverages were determined by GC/MS/SIM, and their average daily intake and excess cancer risk of Korean people were estimated. In GC/MS/SIM analysis average 1.41, 19.44, 3.00 and 170.88 ${\mu}$g/kg of ethyl carbamates were detected in Baechu kimchi, Japanese soy sauces, Soju and fruit brandy, respectively. The average and maximum daily exposures to ethyl carbamate through major Korean fermented foods and alcoholic beverage consumption were 9.42 and 35.75 ng/kg bw/day for Korean female aged 20-64 years, and 12.73 and 48.87 ng/kg bw/day for Korean male respectively, which were mainly contributed by Baechu kimchi, Japanese soy sauces, Soju and fruit brandy. The average and maximum excess cancer risks were $4.7{\times}10^{-7}$ and $1.8{\times}10^{-6}$ for Korean female, and $6.4{\times}10^{-7}$ and $2.4{\times}10^{-6}$ for Korean male. Therefore, the industries related to fermented foods and alcoholic beverages need to make an effort to reduce the amount of ethyl carbamate in their products.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2014

Purpose: Carbamate insecticides are potent cholinesterase inhibitors capable of causing severe cholinergic toxicity. Use of carbamate rather than organophosphate insecticides has been increasing. Compared with organophosphate poisoning, relatively few studies have investigated carbamate-associated acute pancreatitis. We investigated general characteristics and pancreatitis of carbamate poisoning and the predictors, among those readily assessed in the emergency department. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients, aged over 18 years, who were admitted between January 2008 and April 2012 to an emergency department (ED) of an academic tertiary care center for treatment of carbamate poisoning. Patients who exhibited poisoning by any other material, except alcohol, were excluded. After application of exclusion criteria, patients were divided according to carbamate-induced pancreatitis and non-pancreatitis groups. Results: A total of 41 patients were included in this study. Among these 41 patients, the prevalence of acute pancreatitis was 36.6% (15 patients). Initial blood chemistry tests showed a statistically higher glucose level in the pancreatitis group, compared with the non-pancreatitis group (222, IQR 189-284 vs. 137, IQR 122-175 mg/dL, P<0.05). Regarding clinical courses and outcomes, a significantly higher proportion of patients developed pneumonia [10 (66.7%) vs. 6 (23.1%), P<0.05] and had a longer hospital stay (7 days, IQR 6-12 vs. 5 days, IQR 2-11, P<0.05), but no difference in mortality, in the pancreatitis group vs. the non-pancreatitis group. In multivariate analysis, the initial glucose was showing significant association with the presentation of carbamate-induced acute pancreatitis (odds ratio 1.018, 95% confidence interval 1.001-1.035, P<0.05). Conclusion: Carbamate-induced acute pancreatitis is common, but not fatal. Initial serum glucose level is associated with acute pancreatitis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1961-1967
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• 2006

Levels of ethyl carbamate, a potential carcinogen produced naturally during fermentation, in major Korean fermented foods and alcoholic beverages were determined by GC/MS/SIM, and their average daily intake and excess cancer risk in Korean people were estimated. In GC/MS/SIM analysis n.d.-4.26, 1.40-58.90, n.d.-3.76, n.d.-1.87, and 0.40-10.07 $\mu$g/kg of ethyl carbamate were detected in kimchi, soy sauces, fermented pastes, fermented dairy products, and alcoholic beverages, respectively. The average daily intake of ethyl carbamate and excess cancer risk through major Korean fermented foods and alcoholic beverage consumption were 6.0 ng/kg bw/day and $3.0\times10^{-7}$, respectively for the average Korean person aged 3-64 years, and were mainly contributed by Chinese cabbage kimchi, soy sauces, and Soju.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2003

To explore the most sensitive and useful method for simultaneous determination of 8 carbamate pesticides in livestock productions, the mixture of 8 carbonates was determined by HPLC with scanning fluorescence detector. For mobile phase water, acetonitrile and methanol program gradient showed more applicable sensitivity than water and acetonitrile program gradient used ExW 339 nm and EmW 445 nm for fluorescence detector. On using carbamate columns, the retention time was within 4 to 20 minutes. And this made it possible to separate and detect simultaneously. therefore we could analyze it exactly and efficiently and reduce time. The preparation process of MSPD method showed that the high recovery rate was more than 88.5% in most of the carbamate pesticides. Therefore we could say that it was an efficient and fast method analyzing out of lots of samples.