• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.127-131
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• 2011

Even if there are no causing factors such as car crash and road works, traffic congestion come from traffic growth on the road. In this case, estimation of traffic flow helps find the solution of traffic congestion problem. In this paper, we present a optimization model which used on traffic equilibrium problem and studied the problem of inverting shortest path sets for complex traffic system. And we also develop pivotal decomposition algorithm for reliability function of complex traffic system. Several examples are illustrated.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.8
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• pp.253-257
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• 2018

Purpose: Child safety seats (CSS) are critical for the protection of children, in case of motor vehicle accidents. Although the national legislation mandates that all newborns must be placed in an appropriately installed CSS during transportation, people often do not perceive the importance of CSS and do not use it as recommended. The purpose of this survey was to understand the use of CSS for the safe transport of newborns from hospital to home. Methods: We interviewed parents of newborn infants, using a structured questionnaire, at the time of their discharge from Cheil General Hospital & Women's Health Care Center, between May 2014 and July 2014. Results: A total of 403 participants were interviewed. The rate of CSS use was only 14.9%. Overall, 76.4% of the families interviewed were not aware about the recommendations on CSS use for newborns when travelling in a car. The provision of education on using CSS significantly influenced their rate of use. Parents who were educated about mounting the CSS in a car used it more as compared with others (25.7% vs. 12.2%) (P=0.002). Furthermore, if parents had heard about the importance or necessity of CSS, they used it more than others did (19.5% vs. 10.6%, P=0.032). Conclusion: Despite the legal regulation, most parents transport their newborn infants without a CSS while traveling from hospital to their home. The rate of CSS use was influenced by parental education and their knowledge about its necessity. Education programs for parents must be reinforced to increase the CSS use.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.895-899
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• 2009

A new approach for the determination of acrylamide (AM) in foods by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography (SPME-GC) was established. AM was bromized and transformed to 2-bromoacrylamide (2-BAM). 2-BAM was then extracted by a commercial SPME fiber, $75-{\mu}m$ Car/PDMS fiber, for GC detection. The influence of extraction and desorption parameters such as extraction temperature and time, stirring rate, desorption temperature, and time were studied and optimized. The mass concentration was proportional to the peak area of 2-BPA from 1.0 to 8,000 ${\mu}g/L$. The detection limit of the SPME-GC for 2-BAM was found to be 0.1 ${\mu}g/L$, and the recoveries and relative standard deviations for different food samples were 74.5 to 102.0%, and 4.2 to 9.1%, respectively. The presented method was applied to the determination of AM in fried foods.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2010

This study is to find out why drivers used to put pseudo-petroleum in their cars and to fundamentally remove any accidents from the misuse. Questionnaire survey has been made in Gimpo area where many drivers can use it comparatively easily outside of Seoul. And they are analyzed statistically using SPSS 12.0 package program. Correlation factor is shown with 0.683, very high relationship between using frequency and use period of cars. It is shown that important factor to give impact to consumer attitude has been produced as car-using period, education level. The longer the cars have been used, the more pseudo petroleum has been used, it is found.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1891-1896
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• 2010

This study aims at illuminating the state of car seat use and relevant factors and providing basic data to enhance the consciousness of children's safety with the target group of parents who have 5~6 year old kindergarten pupils in a specific city. The target group to study is 189 fathers and mothers who have 5~6 year old kindergarten pupils in five different kindergartens in a city. Structured questionnaires are used and the major research results are the followings: The use rate of children's car seat is the higher in the lower age (p=0.128), boys (p=0.474), mothers below the age of 30s(p=0.294). The use of children's car seat is significant in the mothers who graduated high school or lower (p=0.009), and fathers(p=0.010) who are working in offices or service occupations. The study on the recognition rate of the free lease of children's car seat conducted by Korea Children Safety Foundation shows parents who earned 3 million won or lower per month(p=0.009) significantly, and the major significant factors affecting the use of children's car seat are existence or nonexistence of car seat education and kinds of parent's occupation.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2022

When the rolling stocks run on the curve, the external rail has to be lifted to a certain level to balance the centrifugal force acting on the train body. Under such a situation, passengers may feel uncomfortable, and the slanted vehicle has the potential overturning risks at high speed. This paper conducted a wind tunnel test in an annular wind tunnel with φ=3.2 m based on a 1/20^th scaled high-speed train (HST) model. The sensitivity of Reynolds effects ranging from Re = 0.37×10⁶ to Re = 1.45×106 was tested based on the incoming wind from U=30 m/s to U=113 m/s. The wind speed covers the range from incompressible to compressible. The impact of roll angle ranging from γ=0° to γ=4° on train aerodynamics was tested. In addition, the boundary layer development was also analyzed under different wind speeds. The results indicate that drag and lift aerodynamic coefficients gradually stabilized and converged over U=70 m/s, which could be regeared as the self-similarity region. Similarly, the thickness of the boundary layer on the floor gradually decreased with the wind speed increase, and little changed over U=80 m/s. The rolling moment of the head and tail cars increased with the roll angle from γ=0° to γ=4°. However, the potential overturning risks of the head car are higher than the tail car with the increase of the roll angle. This study is significant in providing a reference for the overturning assessment of HST.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.861-865
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• 2009

Technical development in car has utilized electronic controls (ECU, Electronic Control Unit) recently if was achieved machine such as engine performance in priority and electronic side technical development that improve safety, convenience, expense etc. is proceeded vigorously. Also, preference of consumers for car is various model's number according to change at the fast speed and complexity of software required from vanguard service development was increased greatly. Software development expense dominated considerable weight in car manufacture expense by such change and automakers established OSEK/VDX that is standard of automobile embeded system to reuse application software by module to respond this and transplant easily to other control device. Do when search about all item that is necessary in real-time OS structure that examines OSEK/VDX standard that is presented as the alternative to respond environment that change rapidly that refer in dignified mien after it is original, and uses actuality OSEK/VDX.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.837-839
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• 2012

When the for occurred, the driver does not get the vision is has difficult on driving. In this case, the probability of occurrence of accidents are very high level. To reduce accidents, this system provide drivers with the safety of ensure to measures that a service inform current situation. in this paper, the crash occur in fog to prevent accident using vehicle safety system to give a alarm and control. The proposed system is installed on the outside of the vehicle, humidity, and ambient light sensors inside the car from the information collected by the system controller for the detection of fog conditions using video equipment and then finally the fog occurs if you do not get the driver's field of events is causing the system.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2010

This study aimed to compare fear and prevention behaviors on accidents between mothers and teachers in family childcare centers. The participants were 117 mothers whose children were 0~2 year-olds and 121 teachers. Based on Hendrickson(2008) and Reichert & Henricks(1996), the scale was developed by the researcher, and it was composed of fear and prevention behaviors on accident. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and $x^2$ analysis. Results showed that mothers feared fall accidents and step-on-accidents while teachers feared suffocation accidents and liability for injury medical fee. Also, mothers did more prevention behaviors on use of car seats than teachers, whereas teachers did more behaviors on walk safety, custody of drugs and dangerous articles, and food safety.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2004

Coil spring of automobile suspension system is very important to safety and dynamics of passenger car and requires a highly advanced quality control during manufacturing processes. Surface cracks on the coil spring rod produced by mechanical machining and heat treatment may cause a severe accident and large cost to the manufacturer. In order to detect surface cracks of the rod, guided wave technique is applied for a fast total volumetric inspection. Pochhammer equation is studied to investigate the dispersion characteristics of the guided wave in the spring rod and optimal wave modes sensitive to the surface crack are selected experimentally to design the experimental arrangement for the generation of guided wave. Rod samples with different size of artificial axial EDM notch on the surface ranging from 50${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 1 mm are examined by guided wave and inspection results discussed.