• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2018

Objective: The impact of forage feeding strategy on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility in post-weaning calves was investigated. Methods: Forty-five female Holstein calves (body weight [BW] = $79.79{\pm}0.38kg$) were enrolled in the 35-d study at one week after weaning and randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments. All diets were fed as total mixed ration containing 60% (dry matter [DM] basis) of basal starter feed and 40% (DM basis) of forage, but varied in composition of forage source including i) alfalfa (40% DM, AH); ii) alfalfa hay (26.7% DM)+oat hay (13.3% DM; OH); iii) alfalfa hay (26.7% DM)+corn silage (13.3% DM; WS). Results: Dry matter intake was not different among treatment groups (p>0.05). However, BW (p<0.05) and average daily gain (p<0.05) of calves fed AH and OH were greater than WS-fed calves, whereas heart girth was greater in OH-fed calves than those fed AH and WS (p<0.05). Ruminal fermentation parameters including proportion of butyric acid, acetated-to-propionate ratio, concentration of total volatile fatty acid, protozoal protein, bacterial protein, and microbial protein in rumen were the highest in OH (p<0.05) and the lowest in WS. Compared with the AH and WS, feeding oat hay to postweaning calves increased crude protein digestibility (p<0.05), and decreased duration of diarrhea (p<0.05) and fecal index (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggested that partially replacing alfalfa hay with oat hay improved ruminal fermentation, nitrogen utilization, and reduced incidence of diarrhea in post-weaning dairy calves.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시뮬레이션학회 2001년도 The Seoul International Simulation Conference
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• pp.269-273
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• 2001

Semiconductor wafer fabrication is a business of high capital investment and fast changing nature. To be competitive, the production in a fab needs to be effectively planned and scheduled starting from the ramping up phase, so that the business goals such as on-time delivery, high output volume and effective use of capital intensive equipment can be achieved. In this paper, we propose Stand Alone layout and In-Line layout are analyzed and compared while varying number of device variable changes. The comparison is performed through simulation using ProSys; a window 98 based discrete system simulation software, as a tool for comparing performance of two proposed layouts. The comparison demonstrates that when the number of device variable change is small, In-Line layout is more efficient in terms of production quantity. However, as the number of device variable change is more than 14 titles, Stand Alone layout prevails over In-Line layout.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-70
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• 2015

This paper examines the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on South Asian economies' output growth, utilizing recent panel cointegration testing and estimation techniques. Annual panel data on eight SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) member countries' macroeconomic variables over the period 1960- 2013 are employed in empirical analysis. Using various heterogeneous panel cointegration and panel causality tests, a bi-directional relationship between FDI and growth is found. We find evidence for both FDI-led growth and growth-induced FDI hypotheses for the South Asian economies over the sample period. Individual member countries exhibit heterogeneity in terms of the direction or existence of causality subject to their idiosyncratic economic conditions. Among various regressors, FDI, financial development, human capital, and government consumption show the most significant positive effects on output growth. As determinants of FDI, GDP, financial development, human capital, and government consumption are found significant in the region. The bi-directional causality between FDI and growth is found robust to the inclusion of other control variables and using different estimation techniques.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.643-651
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• 2007

The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis postulates an inverted-U shaped relationship between GDP per capita and various pollutants. Pollutants emission increases up to a certain level as income goes up; after that, it decreases. This paper investigates the relationship between industry pollutants taking industrial sulfur dioxide omission as example, and economic growth by using province-panel data set from 1989 to 2004 in 28 provinces of P. R. China. The result shows that the EKC hypothesis may be supported in the case of industrial sulfur dioxide, and the GDP per capital of turning point is about RMB 13,548 (at 1978 price). Except Shanghai, all the provinces GDP per capital in this study are less than RMB 13,548, indicating the amount of industrial sulfur dioxide emission will be increasing in the near future. To realize sustainable development and pollutants abatement, the central and local government should adopt an integrated strategy to protect environment.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.77-82
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• 2001

As electric power systems have been moving from vertically integrated utilities to a deregulated environment, the charging of reactive power management is a new challenging theme for market operators. This paper proposes a new methodology to compute the costs of providing reactive power management service in a competitive electrical power market. The proposed formulation, which is basically different from those shown in the literature, consists of two parts. One is to recover investment capital costs of reactive power supporting equipment based on a reactive power flow tracing algorithm. The other is to recover operational costs based on variable spot prices using the optimal power flow algorithm. The charging shapes resulted from the proposed approach exhibit a quite good meaning viewed from a practical sense. It turns out that reactive power charges are mostly due to recovery of capital costs and slightly due to recovery of operational costs. The method can be useful in providing additional insight into power system operation and can be used to determine tariffs of a reactive power management service.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.261-264
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• 2023

Pancreatic trauma occurs in 0.2% of patients with blunt trauma and 5% of severe abdominal injuries, which are associated with high mortality rates (up to 60%). Traumatic pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) has significant morbidity and appreciable mortality owing to complicating factors, associated injuries, and shock. The initial reconstruction in patients with severe pancreatic injuries aggravates their status by causing hypothermia, coagulopathy, and acidosis, which increase the risk for early mortality. A staging operation in which PD follows damage control surgery is a good option for hemodynamically unstable patients. We report the case of a patient who was treated by staging PD for an injured pancreatic head.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6139-6144
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• 2012

Aims: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is master regulator of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and plays an important role in NSCLCs. Here we characterized mRNA and protein expression levels of mTOR and its functional associated molecules including PTEN, IGF-1R and 4EBP1 in surgically resected NSCLCs. Methods: Fifty-four patients with NSCLCs who underwent pulmonary resection were included in current study. mRNA levels of mTOR, PTEN, IGF-1R, and 4EBP1 were evaluated by RT-PCR and protein expression of mTOR, PTEN, and IGF-1R by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Association of expression of the relevant molecules with clinical characteristics, as well as correlations between mTOR and PTEN, 4EBP1 and IGF-1R were also assessed. Results: The results of RT-PCR showed that in NSCLCs, the expression level of mTOR increased, while PTEN, 4EBP1 and IGF-1R decreased. Statistical analysis indicated high IGF-1R expression was correlated with advanced clinical stage (stage III) and PTEN expression was reversely associated with tumor size (P=0.16). The results of IHC showed mTOR positive staining in 51.8% of cases, while IGF-1R positive staining was found in 83.3% and loss of PTEN in 46.3%. Protein expression of mTOR was correlated with its regulators, PTEN and IGF-1R, to some extent. Conclusions: Abnormal activation of mTOR signaling, high expression of IGF-1R, and loss of PTEN were observed in resected NSCLC specimens. The poor expression agreement of mTOR with its regulators, PTEN, and IGF-1R, implied that combination strategy of mTOR inhibitors with other targets hold significant potential for NSCLC treatment.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.234-249
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• 2020

정릉(신덕왕후릉)의 축조와 이장에 얽힌 논란은 조선 초기, 신구(新舊) 지배 이데올로기 사이의 충돌이 잘 드러난 사례이다. 태조의 경처였던 신덕왕후 강씨의 무덤은 도성 안에 조성되지만 태조 사후, 태종에 의해 도성 밖으로 이장되고 그곳에 남아 있던 석물들은 청계천의 광통교를 보수하는데 쓰인다. 야사에서는 태종이 강씨를 저주하기 위해 도성 밖으로 능을 옮기고 남은 석물들로 광통교를 만들어 사람들이 밟고 다니게 했다고 전한다. 태조 말년, 강씨와 태종은 대립하던 관계였으나 태조가 왕으로 옹립되기 전까지는 오히려 정치적 동반자에 가까웠다. 정릉이나 광통교와 관련된 실록의 기록은 더 담백하다. 정릉의 천장은 능묘가 도성 안에 있는 것이 적합하지 않다는 의정부의 상언을 따른 것이다. 광통교 개수를 위해 정릉을 격하하고 이장시켰다는 주장에는 사실 관계가 반영되어 있지 않다. 논자는 광통교 개수에 정릉의 석물이 재사용된 것에 대해 당시 도성 안팎에서 건축자재소요량이 급증하여 효율적인 조달 필요성이 대두되었을 가능성을 상정하였다. 정릉이 도성 안에 조성되었다가 다시 도성 바깥으로 이장된 원인은 태조와 태종이 가졌던 사상적 배경의 이질성에서 찾았다. 태조는 유교국가의 통치자였으나 죽은 왕비를 위해 도성 내에 원찰과 무덤을 조성한다. 여기에는 불교의 힘을 빌려 죽은 신덕왕후의 권위를 위의하고 지지세력을 규합하고자 한 노림수가 있었다. 원의 다루가치 집안에서 태어나 지방군벌로 성장한 이성계는 높은 유학적 소양을 가지지는 못했던 것으로 생각된다. 오히려 호불적 성향을 띄는 구체제의 인물이었다. 반면 태종 이방원은 고려 말 과거시험에 급제했던 엘리트 유생이었으며 주자학에 대해서도 깊이 이해하고 있었다. 다시 말해 유교국가에서 도성이 가지는 상징성에 대한 이해가 더 깊었을 것이라고 말할 수 있다. 삼국시대 이후, 율령에 의해 통치되는 국가 시스템이 정립된 이래로 도성 바깥에 무덤을 만드는 경외매장의 원칙은 거의 예외 없이 지켜져 왔다. 정릉은 태조 개인의 강한 의지로 도성 내부에 조성되지만 왕 이전에 유학자였던 태종에게 이러한 모습은 바람직하게 보이지 않았을 것이다. 태종은 즉위 후, 주도적으로 도성 재정비를 추진하는데 이는 '예치'를 강조하는 유교 이데올로기를 한양도성의 경관에 명확하게 구현하고자 한 의지의 발현으로 보여진다. 정릉의 이장도 이러한 역사적 배경 아래 진행되었던 일로 이해하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.17-33
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• 1996

Automatic transfer defined as an integrated system with a number of workstations, interstation storage buffers, automatic device and a control system, play a major role in ass production systems. Due to high capital investment needed for an automatic transferline, greater care should be taken in its design so as to maximize the system performance. One may to control the system performance is to control buffer storage. To control the interstation work-in-process inventory, we propose dual limit switches which control the buffer storage with two parameters, R and r. Under the policy, proceding station is forced down when the inventory level in the buffer reaches R until the level falls to r. For the model developed, we analyze the system characteristics and find the optimal control parameters with a serach procedure.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2020

본 연구는 베이비부머의 재취업 의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 것이다. 이를 위해 확장된 목표지향 행동모델(extended MGB)을 연구 모형으로 설정하였다. 본 연구에 활용된 확장된 목표지향 행동모델은 독립변수로 태도, 사회적 규범, 긍정적 기대정서, 인지된 행동통제 변인에 경제적 준비도와 사회적 자본을 추가하였다. 매개 변수로 열망을 그리고 최종 종속변수로 재취업의도를 설정하였다. 설정된 연구모형에 대해 베이비부머 201명을 대상으로 설문 조사한 결과를 바탕으로 구조방정식을 활용하여 실증적으로 분석을 하였다. 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 경제적 준비도는 베이비부머의 재취업의도에 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤다. 사회적 자본은 재취업의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 사회적 자본 보다는 경제적 준비도 여부가 베이비 부버의 재취업 의도에 더 강한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 태도, 사회적 규범, 긍정적 기대정서, 인지된 행동통제 변인은 재취업의도에 유의한 직접적인 영향관계는 검정 되지 않았다. 이들은 열망이라는 매개 변수를 통해 재취업의도에 유의한 영향관계를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실증분석 결과를 토대로 학술적인 시사점과 실무적인 시사점을 제시하였다.