• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.305-308
• /
• 2006

For controlling micro-flows inside a LOC (lab-on-a-chip) a syringe pump or an electronic device for EOF(electro-osmotic flow) have been used in general. However, these devices are so large and heavy that they are burdensome in the development of a portable micro-TAS (total analysis system). In this study, a new flow control system employing pressure chambers, digital switches and speed controllers was developed. This system could effectively control the micro-scale flows inside a LOC without any mechanical actuators or electronic devices We also checked the feasibility of this new control system by applying it to a LOC of micro-mixer type. Performance tests show that the developed control system has very good performance. Because the flow rate in LOC is controlled easily by throttling the speed controller, the flows in complicate microchannels network can be also controlled precisely.

• 물과 미래
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 1991

포화-비포화 영역에서 transient흐름 해석을 위해 유체의 연속방정식과 Darcy 법칙으로부터 다공질 매체에서의 흐름 지배방정식을 유도하였다. 수치해는 가중잔차원리에 입각한 Galerkin 유한요소법으로 구하며, 시간도함수항에는 유한차분법을 적용하였다. 해석에서는 실제 자연상태에서 발생되는 부정호우자료를 이용하고 이때의 지표하 흐름 해석에 필요한 강우 주상도는 제 손실성분을 고려한 초과우량 추정모형으로부터 얻었다. 비포화 토양에서의 흐름을 고려하기 위해 투수계수, 압력수두 및 체적함수비의 상호 함수관계를 이용하였다. 모형은 대칭인 2차원으로서 비등방성, 이질 토층으로 구성하였다.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
• /
• 제2권
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 1991

The governing partial differential equation of flow in porous media is developed on the bases of the continuity equation of fluid for transient flow through a saturated-unsaturated zone, and substitution of Dercy's law. The numerical solution is obtained by the Galerkin finite element method based on the principle of weighted residuals. The analysis is carried out by using the unsteady storm data observed and the functional relationships between the hydraulic conductivities, capillary pressure heads, and volumetric water contents under saturated-unsaturated conditions. As the results the hydraulic conductivities, rates of change of storage and initial moisture conditions are significantly influened on the responses of subsurface flow on a hillslope.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.39-43
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 언더필 공정에서 플립칩과 기판사이의 모세관 작용에 의한 언더필 유동 경향에 대해 살펴보고, 언더필의 점도와 토출 위치에 따른 언더필 유동특성에 대해 살펴보았다. 플립칩의 사이즈는 $5mm{\times}5mm{\times}0.65^tmm$이며, 솔더 범프의 직경은 100 ${\mu}m$, 피치(pitch)간격은 150 ${\mu}m$, 총 1024 I/O(Input/Output)단자의 Full Grid 형태의 플립칩을 사용하였다. 기판으로 투명한 글래스 기판을 사용하였으며 플립칩 패키징의 접합 높이는 50 ${\mu}m$으로 제작하였다. 언더필의 점도 및 토출 위치가 유동특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해, 세 종류의 점도 특성($2000{\sim}3700$cps)을 가지는 언더필과 토출 위치를 모서리와 중앙부위로 설정하였다. 언더필의 유동특성 및 충진 시간(filling time)은 CCD카메라를 사용하여 관찰하였다. 실험 결과, 언더필은 솔더 범프에 의한 유동 저항으로 인하여 가장자리 효과(edge effect)가 나타나 칩의 양쪽 측면 유동이 더 빠르게 진전되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 중앙 부위에서 토출한 경우에 비해 모서리에서 토출한 경우가, 가장자리 효과가 크고 이로 인해 칩의 양쪽 측면 유동이 더 빠르게 진전되어 충진 시간이 더 빠르다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 점도가 낮을수록, 언더필 유동이 빠르고 가장자리 효과가 크게 나타나며 전체 충진 시간이 감소됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.254-261
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the heparin effect for a viability of random - pattern dorsal flap in hairless mouse. Methods: A caudally - based random dorsal flap, measuring $1.5{\times}5cm$, was designed and heparin was applied topically after microneeding. Twenty five male hairless mice were randomly divided into control (Group1, n=5); received only microneedling (Group 2, n=5), only heparin(Group3, n=5), microneedling with saline(Group 4, n=5), and microneedling with heparin group(group5,n=5) to the flap during 7 days. The number of the capillaries were compared between the experimental groups and control group with respect to neovascularization after heparin application using imaging analysis program under hematoxylin - eosin stain. The capillary blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. After seven days each animal was evaluated for the percentage area of the flap survival. Mann - Whitnety U test and Kruskal - Wallis statistical analysis of survival relationships was performed. Results: It can be observed increased number of the blood vessels in the experimental groups however it was not statistically significant. Blood flow of the haparin with microneedling group maintained higher than other experimental groups. Treated microneeding and heparin mice were significantly better flap viability than in controls (flap survival 67% and $54.4mm^2$ respectively; p<.01). Positive correlation was shown between flap survival rate and laser Doppler flux value only at first day after surgery. Conclusion: Heparin has a beneficial effect on capillary flow and improve peripheral circulatory disturbances in random pattern flaps.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.8-20
• /
• 2019

This study was conducted to analyze the pore structure of Yellow poplar. Cross-sectional surfaces of heartwood and sapwood of Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) were observed by SEM, and the true density of the heartwood, intermediate wood and sapwood were measured by gas pycnometery, while gas permeability and pore size of heartwood, intermediate wood and sapwood were measured by capillary flow porometery. The pores were classified as through pore, blind pore and closed pore. It was determined that the permeability was increased due to the content and size of through pore being increased although the total porosity of specimen showed slight difference from pith to bark. The content of through pore porosity was 33.754 % of heartwood and 47.810 % of sapwood, showed an increasing trend from pith to bark, however, those for the blind pore porosity and closed pore porosity were 27.890 % and 19.492 % for heartwood and 19.447 % and 4.660 % for sapwood, showed a decreasing trend from pith to bark. The max pore size of specimens was increased by about 5 times from $5.927{\mu}m$ to $31.334{\mu}m$, and mean flow pore size was increased by about 315 times from $0.397{\mu}m$ to $12.437{\mu}m$ from pith to bark.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.657-665
• /
• 2003

Several interesting results were obtained from the flow visualization experiment in the accompanying paper, Part I. in the present study, Part II, a numerical study has been carried out to explain the detailed flow phenomena in micro-channel filling process. Hele-Shaw flow approximation was applied to the micro-channel geometry based on the small characteristic length. And surface tension effect has been introduced on the flow front as the boundary condition with the help of a dynamic contact angle concept between the melt front and the wall. A dimensional analysis for numerical results was carried out and a strong relationship between dimensionless pressure and Capillary number is obtained. The numerical analysis results are compared with the flow visualization experimental observations. And the numerical system developed in the present study seems to be able to predict the interesting micro-channel filling flow characteristics observed from experiments.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.425-428
• /
• 2006

Natural gas hydrate has been a major problem for its plugging nature in the pipeline. With the demand of deep-water production, the importance of flow assurance technology, preventing hydrate, asphaltene and wax in the pipeline becomes bigger Kinetic models combined with the flow simulator are being developed to explain the nature of hydrate plug formation in the pipeline. To simulate the hydrate plug formation, each stage including the nucleation, growth and agglomeration should be considered. The hydrate nucleation is known to be stochastic and is believed hard to be predicted. Recent publications showed hydrate growth and agglomeration can be observed rigorously using a particle size analyzer. However properties of the hydrate should be investigated to model the growth and agglomeration. The attractive force between hydrate particles, supposed to be the capillary force, was revealed to be stochastic. Alternative way to model the hydrate agglomeration is to simulate by the discrete element method. Those parameters, particle size distribution, attractive force, and growth rate are embedded into the kinetic model which is combined Into the flow simulator. When compared with the flowloop experimental data, hydrate kinetic model combined into a flow simulator showed good results. With the early results, the hydrate kinetic model is promising but needs more efforts to improve it.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.649-654
• /
• 2005

This paper presents fabrication and drive test of a peristaltic PDMS micropump actuated by the thermopneumatic force. The micropump consists of the three peristaltic-type actuator chambers with microheaters on the glass substrate and a microchannel connecting the chambers and the inlet/outlet port. The micropump is fabricated by the spin-coating process, the two-step curing process, the JSR (negative PR) molding process, and etc. The diameter and the thickness of the actuator diaphragm are 2.5 mm and $30{\mu}m$, respectively. The meniscus motion in the capillary tube is observed with a video camera and the flow rate of the micro pump is calculated through the frame analysis of the recorded video data. The maximum flow rate of the micropump is about $0.36\;{\mu}L/sec$ at 2 Hz for the zero hydraulic pressure difference when the 3-phase input voltage is 20 V.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2008

Micro machining can manufacture complex shapes with high accuracy. Especially, this enables wide application of micro technology in various fields. For example, micro channels allow fluid transfer, which is a widely used technology. Therefore, liquidity research of flow in micro channels and micro channel manufacturing with use of various materials and cutting conditions has very important meaning. In this study, to find out correlation between fluid velocity in micro channels and surface roughness, we manufactured micro channels using micro end-mill and dropped ethanol into micro channels. We compared several surface roughness and fluid velocity in micro channels that were created by various processing conditions. Finally, we found out relationship between fluid velocity and surface roughness in micro channels of different materials.