• Title/Summary/Keyword: Capillary Effect

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BOTANI: High-fidelity multiphysics model for boron chemistry in CRUD deposits

  • Seo, Seungjin;Park, Byunggi;Kim, Sung Joong;Shin, Ho Cheol;Lee, Seo Jeong;Lee, Minho;Choi, Sungyeol
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제53권5호
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    • pp.1676-1685
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    • 2021
  • We develop a new high-fidelity multiphysics model to simulate boron chemistry in the porous Chalk River Unidentified Deposit (CRUD) deposits. Heat transfer, capillary flow, solute transport, and chemical reactions are fully coupled. The evaporation of coolant in the deposits is included in governing equations modified by the volume-averaged assumption of wick boiling. The axial offset anomaly (AOA) of the Seabrook nuclear power plant is simulated. The new model reasonably predicts the distributions of temperature, pressure, velocity, volumetric boiling heat density, and chemical concentrations. In the thicker CRUD regions, 60% of the total heat is removed by evaporative heat transfer, causing boron species accumulation. The new model successfully shows the quantitative effect of coolant evaporation on the local distributions of boron. The total amount of boron in the CRUD layer increases by a factor of 1.21 when an evaporation-driven increase of soluble and precipitated boron concentrations is reflected. In addition, the concentrations of B(OH)3 and LiBO2 are estimated according to various conditions such as different CRUD thickness and porosity. At the end of the cycle in the AOA case, the total mass of boron incorporated in CRUD deposits of a reference single fuel rod is estimated to be about 0.5 mg.

코코넛 코이어와 피트모스 혼합 모래 토양의 물리·화학적 특성 (Physicochemical Properties of Root Zone Soil Based on Sand Blending with Coconut Coir and Peat Moss)

  • 김영선;배은지;최문진;김태웅;이긍주
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제41권2호
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    • pp.101-107
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    • 2022
  • BACKGROUND: Soil amendment was necessary applied for the sand that had been used to root zone of green ground in golf course because of its low water retention power and cation exchangeable capacity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the mixed ratio of peat moss and coconut coir as soil amendment materials on the soil physicochemical properties applied to rootzone based on sand. METHODS AND RESULTS: The soil amendments were blended at 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10% by soil volume. The pH in the peat moss treatment was lower than that of control (0% soil amendment), and pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in the coconut coir were higher. The blending ratio of peat moss was negatively correlated with pH of rootzone soil (p<0.01), and that of coconut coir positively with EC (p<0.01). As compared with control, capillary porosity, the physical factors such as air-filled porosity, total porosity, and hydraulic conductivity of rootzone soil were increased by applying peat moss and coconut coir. For correlation coefficients between percentage of soil amendments and soil physical factors, peat moss and coconut coir were positively correlated with porosity and hydraulic conductivity (p<0.01). CONCLUSION(S): These results indicated that the application of peat moss and coconut coir affected on the change of physicochemical properties of rootzone soil, and improved soil porosity and hydraulic conductivity.

Multi-response optimization of FA/GGBS-based geopolymer concrete containing waste rubber fiber using Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis

  • Arif Yilmazoglu;Salih T. Yildirim;Muhammed Genc
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.213-230
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    • 2024
  • The use of waste tires and industrial wastes such as fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in concrete is an important issue in terms of sustainability. In this study, the effect of parameters affecting the physical, mechanical and microstructural properties of FA/GGBS-based geopolymer concretes with waste rubber fiber was investigated. For this purpose, the effects of rubber fiber percentage (0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%), binder (75FA25GGBS, 50FA50GGBS, 25FA75GGBS) and curing temperature (75 ℃, 90 ℃ and 105 ℃) were investigated. The Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis (TGRA) method was used to obtain optimum parameter levels of rubber fiber geopolymer concrete (RFGC). The slump, fresh and hardened density, compressive strength, flexural strength, static and dynamic modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were performed on the produced concretes. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was used to statistically determine the effects of the parameters on the experimental results. A confirmation test was performed to test the accuracy of the optimum values found by the TGRA method. With the increase of GGBS percentage, the compressive strength of RFGC increased up to 196%. The increase in rubber fiber percentage and curing temperature adversely affected the mechanical properties of RFGC. As a result of TGRA, the optimum value was found to be A1B3C1. ANOVA results showed that the most effective parameter on the experimental results was the binder with 99% contribution percentage. It is understood from the SEM images that the optimum concrete had a denser microstructure and less capillary cracks and voids. For this study, the use of the TGRA method in multiple optimization has proven to provide very useful and reliable results. In cases where many factors are effective on its strength and durability, such as geopolymer concrete, using the TGRA method allows for finding the optimum value of the parameters by saving both time and cost.

심부전 모델에서 실험적 심근성형술의 단기 혈역학적 효과에 관한 연구 (Study on the Short-Term Hemodynamic Effects of Experimental Cardiomyoplasty in Heart Failure Model)

  • 정윤섭;염욱;이창하;김욱성;이영탁;김원곤
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.224-236
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    • 1999
  • 배경: 역동적 심근성형술에서 골격근 수축에 의한 단기 혈역학적 변화를 관찰하고 이에 미치는 인자를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 이를 위해 20-30kg 사이의 한국산 잡견 10마리를 두 그룹으로 나눠 심장 상태를 정상과 심부전 상태로 구분하였고 골격근 상태도 활성도 및 수축력의 차이가 나도록 구분하였다. 그룹 A에서는 5마리의 정상 심장상태의 실험견에 심근성형술을 시행한 뒤 8주후 혈역학 검사를 실시하였고, 그룹 B에서는 5마리의 실험견에 8주동안 매주 1 mg/kg의 doxorubicin을 주입하여 만성 심부전 상태를 만들면서 동시에 좌측 광배근의 사전 조건화를 위한 근육훈련을 한후 심근성형술을 시행하고 바로 혈역학 검사를 실시하였다. 결과: 그룹 A의 정상 심장 상태에서 광배근 수축으로 평균 우심방 압력을 제외한 나머지 좌심실 혈역학 지수에는 유의한 변화가 없었다. 그룹 B에서는 광배근 수축으로 심박출량(cardiac output; CO)은 16.7$\pm$7.2%, 좌심실 압력발생 속도(positive pressure development rate of left ventricle; dp/dt)는 9.3$\pm$3.2%, 일회 심박출량(stroke volume; SV)은 16.8$\pm$8.6%, 좌심실 박출작업량(left ventricular stroke work; SW)은 23.1$\pm$9.7% 증가하였고, 좌심실 이완기말압(left ventricular end-diastole pressure; LVEDP)은 32.1$\pm$4.6%, 평균 폐동맥쐐기압(mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; mPCWP)은 17.7$\pm$9.1% 감소하였다(p<0.05). 그러나 그룹 A에서 imipramine을 7.5 mg/kg/hour의 속도로 34$\pm$2.6분 투여하여 CO이 17.5$\pm$2.7%, 좌심실 수축기압(left ventricular systolic pressure)이 15.8$\pm$2.5% 감소하고 LVEDP가 54.3$\pm$15.2% 증가한 일시적 급성 심부전 상태를 유도한 뒤(p<0.05), 이 상태에서 광배근을 자극하였더니 CO은 4.5$\pm$1.8%, dp/dt는 3.1$\pm$1.1%, SV는 5.7$\pm$3.6%, SW는 6.9$\pm$4.4% 증가하였고, LVEDP는 11.7$\pm$4.7% 감소하였다(p<0.05). 그룹 A의 급성 심부전 상태와 그룹 B의 만성 심부전 상태에서 모두 광배근 수축으로 변화한 CO, dp/dt, SV, SW, LVEDP 같은 좌심실 혈역학 지표들의 변화의 폭을 비교하면 그룹 B에서 그룹 A에서보다 더 컸다(p<0.05). 그룹 A에서 유도된 급성 심부전 상태와 그룹 B의 만성 심부전 상태가 CO, dp/dt, SV, SW, LVEDP 같은 좌심실 혈역학 지표들 면에서 통계학적으로 차이가 없고(p>0.05), 육안적으로 광배근을 관찰하였을 때 그룹 A에서는 광배근의 유착 및 염증소견이 모두에서 있었고 그중 2마리에서는 광배근의 수축을 목격할 수 없었던 반면, 그룹 B에서는 5마리 모두에서 광배근이 활발하게 수축하였다는 점을 함께 고려하면 그룹 B에서의 더 큰 증폭 효과가 광배근의 활성도 및 수축력의 차이로부터 기인한다고 평가할 수 있다. 결론: 이상에서 역동적 심근성형술의 수축기 혈역학적 변화는 심부전 상태에서만 긍정적인 개선 효과를 나타내며, 그 효과의 극대화를 위해서는 근육의 수축력을 유지하는 것이 매우 중요함을 알 수 있다.

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Thoroughbred 경주마에서 Furosemide 투여에 따른 혈액 및 전해질의 변화 (The Changes of Blood Chemistry and Electrolytes on the Furosemide Administration in Thoroughbred Racing Horses)

  • 이영우;김병선;최귀철;이경갑;강태영;이주명;윤영민
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.597-602
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    • 2007
  • Furosemide is a potent diuretic used in the horse for the prophylaxis of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage(EIPH), and in a variety of clinical condition. The purpose of this study was to set up the effect of furosemide in Thoroughbred horses, and to examine the time of maximal effect of furosemide to prevent the EIPH. The animals of the experiment were 4 Thoroughbred racing horses(female, average 6 yrs, BW $507{\pm}80.2kg$) in Jeju stud farm and the experiment was cross-over design between furosemide(1 mg/kg IV) and normal saline(0.1 ml/kg, IV) administration. We investigated the changes of clinical signs(body weight, skin turgor, capillary refilling time, jugular distensibility), CBC(PCV RBC), serum chemistry(TP, AST, GGT, glucose, LDH, BUN and creatinine) and electrolytes ($Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^-,\;Ca^{2+}$) on 0, 30 mins, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hrs in furosemide and saline administration roup, respectively. The weight decreased significantly(P<0.05) in 4 hrs after furosemide treatment, but skin turgor, CRT, jugular distensibility remained unchanged throughout the experimental period. RBC and PCV decreased after furosemide administration but soon recovered. TP increased to the highest level in 30 mins after furosemide administration and recovered in 8 hrs. Furosemide administration resulted in increases in glucose, AST, GGT, LDH, BUN, creatinine(P<0.05) and decreases in $Ca^{2+},\;Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^-$ (P<0.05). All of values were within normal range throughout the experimental period. There was the alteration of blood and serum chemistry after furosemide administration, all of values were within normal range. And the best time of furosemide administration will be 30 minutes before the racing in order to preventing EIPH.

괴화(槐花)의 식품영양학적 접근 및 생리활성물질 함량분석 (Nutritional Characteristics and Bioactive Components Contents of Flos Sophora Japonica)

  • 박성진;정병희;최영수;김종대;박성혜
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.171-180
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Flos Sophora japonica as natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of general and antioxidative nutrients of Flos Sophora japonica a were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash are 67.76%, 19.87%, 4.61% and 7.76%. And the calories of Flos Sophora japonica Linne was 318.32 Kcal. Total dietary fiber was 25.35% of total carbohydrates. The percentages of water soluble dietary fiber to insoluble dietary fiber were 1.80 % and 23.56 %, respectively. The protein were contained total 18 different kinds of amino acids. The contents of non-essential and essential amino acids were 4,898.78mg and 5,953.51mg. The K was the largest mineral followed by Ca, P and Mg, which means Flos Sophora japonica Linne is alkali material. The contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 29.69%, 34.93% and 35.38%. Therefore, the amount of the total unsaturated fatty acid was higher than that of any other plant. The content of vitamin C in Flos Sophora japonica Linne was higher than that of any other plant, which suggest that it could increase blood elasticity. The content of rutin, which is responsible for capillary vessel permeability, was 22.60%. The contents of water soluble antioxidative materials in 1 mL of water-extracted Flos Sophora japonica Linne were 3.9 ${\mu}$g which is comparable to 1233.0 mmol of vitamin C in antioxidant effect. The general nutrients and other antioxidatant bioactive materials in Flos Sophora japonica Linne were also potential materials for good health food. It is expected that follow up study of Flos Sophora japonica Linne through developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information as a source of medicinal foods.

기니피그 위점막이 카테콜아민 유발 위운동에 미치는 영향 (Influences of Gastric Mucosa upon the Catecholamine Induced Gastric Motility in Guinea-pig)

  • 이풍렬;김기환;이상진
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.277-289
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    • 1989
  • The effects of noradrenaline on the contractile and electrical activities were investigated using the circular muscle strips with intact mucosa prepared from the antrum and fundus of guinea-pig stomach. Electrical responses of circular muscle cells were recorded using glass capillary microelectrodes filled with 3 M KCI. All experiments were performed in tris-buffered Tyrode solution which was aerated with 100% $O_2\;and\;kept\;at\;35^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The spontaneous contractions recorded from the antral and fundic circular muscle strips with intact mucosa were suppressed dose-dependently by the application of noradrenaline, whereas those recorded from the mucosa-free strips were potentiated in a dose-dependent manner. 2) The inhibitory influences on the contractile activities in the normal intact strips were developed via both ${\alpha}-adrenoceptors\;and\;{\beta}-adrenoceptors$, while the excitatory influences in the mucosa-free strips resulted from the strong excitatory effect via ${\alpha}-adrenoceptors$ and the weak inhibitory effect via ${\beta}-adrenoceptors$. 3) Noradrenaline produced hyperpolarization of membrane potential, and increased the amplitude and the maximum rate of rise of slow waves in the mucosa-free strips of antral and fundic circular muscle. 4) Apamin blocked the appearance of the component of initial suppression of spontaneous phasic contractions observed in the mucosa-free strips of antral circular muscle after the application of noradrenaline. 5) The inhibitory influences on the contractile activities in the normal strips with intact mucosa remained unaffected even in the strip with separate mucosa, in which mucosa and muscle layer were mechanically disconnected . From the above results, following conclusions could be made. (1) There are no regional differences between the effects of noradrenaline on the antral circular muscle and those on the fundic circular muscle. (2) Excitatory responses to noradrenaline observed in the mucosa-free strip result from the dominant ${\alpha}-excitatory$ and tile weak ${\beta}-inhibitory$ action of noradrenaline. (3) Inhibitory responses to noradrenaline in the normal strips with intact mucosa develop via both ${\alpha}-inhibitory\;and\;{\beta}-inhibitory$ actions.

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복합 운동 훈련이 인간 골격근의 형태학적 변화와 유산소 대사관련 효소 활성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of combined endurance and weight training on muscle morphology and oxidative enzyme activities in human skeletal muscle)

  • 이길우;이종삼;이장규
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.367-376
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    • 2014
  • 이 연구의 목적은 건강한 남자 14명을 대상자로 단기간의 지구성 훈련과 지구성 운동에 웨이트 운동을 병행한 복합훈련이 골격근 섬유의 형태 및 골격근 내 산화적 효소의 활성도에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 하였다. 지구성 트레이닝 집단은 최대심박수의 70~80% 에서 40분간 자유형으로 수영을 6주간 실시하였으며 복합 트레이닝 집단은 동일한 수영을 실시한 후 웨이트 트레이닝을 추가로 실시하였다. 근섬유 횡단면적에 있어 복합훈련 집단과 지구성 훈련 집단 간에 차이가 나타나지 않았으며 훈련기간에 따라 복합훈련 집단에서 지구성 훈련 집단보다 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 모세혈관 수에 있어서도 집단 간 차이는 나타나지 않았으며 훈련기간에 따라 복합훈련 집단에서 지구성 훈련 집단보다 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 유산소성 대사 효소 중 CS, ${\beta}$-HAD 그리고 CPT의 활성도는 훈련형태에 따른 차이는 통계적으로 나타나지 않았으나 복합훈련 집단에서 지구성 훈련 집단에서 보다 더 큰 증가의 폭을 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합해 볼 때 유산소성 훈련만을 실시할 때 보다 유 무산소 운동이 복합적으로 구성되어 있는 훈련의 수행이 근섬유의 에너지 대사 관련 효소들의 활성도 증가와 근 세포 모세혈관의 발달에 보다 효과적이라는 결론을 도출할 수 있었다.

근류균의 화학주성이 근류형성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Chemotaxis on Nodulation in Bradyrhizobium-Soybean Symbiosis)

  • 강상재;박우철
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.136-146
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    • 1994
  • 대두 근류균 공생에서 뿌리분비물에 대한 근류균의 화학주성이 근류형성에 미치는 영향을 조사 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 2mM proline에 대한 표준균주와 변이주의 화학주성비는 KCTC 2422는 3.1, LPN-100은 1.3, LCR-101은 1.0이었으며 전형적인 Slow growing Rhizobia였다. 팔달 및 백운의 뿌리분비물 추출액에 대한 근류균의 화학주성비는 KCTC 2422는 3.5/3.2 이고 LPN-100은 1.3/1.4이며 LCR-101은 1.4/1.4정도였다. Dowex 칼럼으로부터 용출시킨 Fraction I, II, III에 대한 화학주성비는 Fraction I>II>III순이었고 중성분획인 Glucose와 Ribose, 양성분획인 Aspartic acid와 Glutamine, 음성분획인 Citric acid, Succinic acid에 대한 화학주성비는 공히 $10^{-3}M$일때 가장높은 화학주성비를 나타내었다. 근류형성의 정도는 KCTC 2422는 접종후 7일경부터 Nitrogenase 활성이 나타나기 시작하며 LCR-101은 15일 이후에 Nitrogenase 활성이 나타났으며 LPN-100은 전혀 근류를 형성하지 않아 근류균의 화학주성이 숙주인식의 초기과정에 영향을 미쳤음을 확인할 수 있었다.

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함침계 표면보호제에 의한 콘크리트 표면의 세공구조 변화 및 내구성 향상 (Improvement of Durability and Change of Pore Structure for Concrete Surface by the Penetrative Surface Protection Agent)

  • 강석표;김정환
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 2006
  • 최근 들어 툭별한 물리적 방법을 사용하지 않고 내구성능이 저하된 콘크리트의 성능을 회복시키는 방법의 일환으로서 콘크리트 표면보호재에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 표면보호는 직접적인 의미로서는 콘크리트 구조물의 표면을 보호하는 것뿐만아니라 다양한 열화요인의 침투를 억제함으로서 내부의 콘크리트 및 철근의 열화를 억제하여 콘크리트 구조물을 보호하게 된다. 이와 같은 표면보호재 중 함침계 표면보호재는 콘크리트 표면층의 공극에 충전 혹은 생성물을 석출시켜 치밀한 층으로 하느 충전계와 콘크리트 표면층의 외부 및 내부표면의 성질을 개선하는 표면계로 분류하는 것이 가능하다. 따라서 본 연구는 규플르오르화염을 주성분으로 하는 표면형 함침계 표면보호제 도포에 의한 콘크리트 표면의 세공구조의 변화 및 중성화, 염해, 화학적 침식 등의 내구성 향상을 실험실증적으로 검토함으로서 콘크리트 구조물의 내구성향상 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 그 결과, 표면보호제를 도포함으로서 모든 물시멘트비에서 도포전과 비교하여 전세공용적이 감소하고 있으며, 특히 50nm이상의 비교적 큰 세공경인 모세관공극의 용적이 감소함으로서 물흡수성, 중성화 저항성, 내황산성, 염소이온침투 저항성 등의 내구성 향상에 기여하는 것으로 나타났으며, 그 효과는 물시멘트비가 클수록 높게 나타났다.