• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.319-325
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• 2004

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of processing conditions on the physical and sensory properties of pork cutlet produced from chilled pork loin (T1), the cured and massaged chilled pork loin (T2), the cured and massaged frozen pork loin (T3), frozen pork loin (T4), massaged frozen pork loin (T5). Water holding capacity (WHC) of pork cutlets were not significantly different among the treatments. In chilled pork loin, WHC of T2 were slightly higher than that of T1. T4 showed the lowest WHC among all treatment group. In meat color, CIE L$\^$*/, a$\^$*/. b$\^$*/ values in chilled pork loin were not significantly different between T1 and T2. L$\^$*/ values of T3 and T5 were higher than that of T4. a$\^$*/ values were not significantly different among the all treatments. T3 produced through the curing and massaging treatment showed the highest tenderness in shear force (p< 0.001), while force value (kg/㎤) of T4 were the highest among all treatments. Separation ratio of wheat dough from pork cutlet was highest (p.<0.001) in T4. In triangle test, T1 : T3 combination was higher than that of other pairs. No differences in acceptability of sensory evaluation were observed among T1, T2, T3, and T5 groups, while the frozen pork showed the lowest (p<0.001) acceptability. In conclusion, pork cutlets from T4 with the curing and/or massaging process showed similar acceptance than those from chilled pork loins, and this treatments may contribute to promote the consumption of frozen pork loins.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2007

Sawdust biofiltration is an emerging bio-technology for control of ammonia emissions including compost odors from composting of biological wastes. Although sawdust is widely used as a medium for bulking agent in composting system and for microbial attachment in biofiltration systems, the performance of agitated bed composting and sawdust biofiltration are not well established. A pilot-scale composting of hog manure amended with sawdust and sawdust biofiltration systems for practical operation were investigated using aerated and agitated rectangular reactor with compost turner and sawdust biofilter operated under controlled conditions, each with a working capacity of approximately $40m^3\;and\;4.5m^3$ respectively. These were used to investigate the effect of compost temperature, seed germination rate and the C/N ratio of the compost on ammonia emissions, compost maturity and sawdust biofiltration performance. Temperature profiles showed that the material in three runs had been reached to temperature of 55 to $65^{\circ}C$ and above. The ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas of the sawdust biofilter media was below the maximum average value as 45 ppm. Seed germination rate levels of final compost was maintained from 70 to 93% and EC values of the finished compost varied between 2.8 and 4.8 ds/m, providing adequate conditions for plant growth.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.158-170
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• 2001

Background : Although an oxidants and antioxidants imbalance has been considered in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is a paucity of reports focussing on the smoking-induced changes of oxidants and antioxidants in COPD. Method : The concentration of antioxidants (ascorbic acid, uric acid, retinol, and $\alpha$- & $\gamma$-tocopherol) was measured in the serum and induced sputum of 30 healthy controls and 34 stable COPD patients using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The inhibition of lipid peroxidation as an index of antioxidant capacity was measured in the serum by a TBA assay. Results : The serum concentration of ascorbic acid, $\alpha$-tocopherol, and retinol were significantly lower in the patients with COPD than in healthy controls ($484.8{\pm}473.3$ vs $1497.8{\pm}819.2\;pmol/L$, $48.38{\pm}17.34$ vs $73.96{\pm}26.29\;pmol/L$, p<0.001, and $9.51{\pm}8.33$ vs $15.01{\pm}5.88\;pmol/L$, p<0.05, respectively, mean$\pm$SD). However, there were little differences in the ascorbic acid and uric acid concentrations in the induced sputum between the COPD patients and the controls. The induced sputum to serum ratio of ascorbic acid was significantly higher in COPD patients compared with healthy control (0.375 vs 0.085, p<0.05). In the normal controls, the serum ascorbic acid concentration was lower in smokers than in nonsmokers ($1073{\pm}536$ vs $1757{\pm}845\;pmol/L$, p<0.05), but the level was still higher than that of the COPD patients (p<0.05). The serum retinol levels were correlated with $FEV_1$ in COPD patients (r=0.58, p<0.05). The products of lipid peroxidation were increased in normal smokers and COPD compared with norma1 nonsmokers ($115.56{\pm}19.93$ vs $120.02{\pm}24.56$ vs $91.87{\pm}20.71\;{\mu}mol/{\mu}mol$ Pi of liposome, p<0.05). Conclusion : Cigarette smoking may induce the dep1etion of serum antioxidants and this depletion of antioxidants is suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.415-425
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• 2001

Background : The correlation between the high resolution computed tomography(HRCT) emphysema score and the physiologic parameters including resting and exercise pulmonary function test was investigated in 14 patients($60.6{\pm}10.3$ years) with pulmonary emphysema. Methods : The patients underwent a HRCT, a resting pulmonary function test, and incremental exercise testing(cycle ergometer, 10 W/min). Computed tomography scans were obtained on a GE highlight at 10 mm intervals using 10 mm collimation, from the apex to the base after a full inspiration. The emphysema scores were determined by a CT program 'Density mask' outlining the areas with attenuation values less than -900 HU, indicating the emphysema areas, and providing an overall percentage of lung involvement by emphysema. Results : Among the resting PFT parameters, only the diffusing capacity(r=-0.75) and $PaO_2$ (r=-0.66) correlated with the emphysema score(p<0.05). Among the exercise test parameters, the emphysema score correlated significantly with the maximum power(r=-0.74), maximum oxygen consumption(r=-0.68), anaerobic threshold(V-slope method: r=-0.69), maximal $O_2$-pulse(r=-0.73), and the physiologic dead space ratio at the maximum workload(r=-0.80)(p<0.01). Conclusion: We could find that exercise testing parameters showed a much better correlation with the HRCT emphysema score, which is known to have a good correlation with the pathologic severity than the resting PIT parameters. Therefore it is suggested that exercise testing is superior to resting PIT for estimating in the estimation of the physiologic disturbance in emphysema patients.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2009

As a preliminary study in order to develop new varieties of Hericium species, this study was carried out to investigate the optimal temperature for mycelial growth, to figure out the applicability to sawdust cultivation on Quercus mongolica substrate, and to analyze the antioxidant capacity of ergothioneine and polyphenols in Hericium strains preserved in Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI). In the results of optimal temperature for mycelial growth of eight Hericium erinaceus, it was $20^{\circ}C$ in a strain (KFRI 842), $25^{\circ}C$ in five strains (KFRI 507, 508, 509, 843, 845), and $30^{\circ}C$ in two strains (KFRI 582, 844). Optimal temperature for mycelial growth of H. coralloides (KFRI 713) was $25^{\circ}C$. Four strains (KFRI 508, 843, 844, 713) out of the total nine Hericium strains showed full mycelium growth within 20 days at the optimal temperature on PDA medium in petri-dish (85 mm in diameter). The other strains have need of more time for full mycelium growth. Mushroom production of H. erinaceus ranged from 215 to 384 g of fresh weight and its dry weight was 7 to 9% of it, whereas that of H. coralloides was 299 g of fresh weight and its dry weight was 10% of it. The contents of ergothioneine and polyphenols of H. erinaceus strains were different by strains and those were in the range of $1.6{\sim}3.7$ mg/g dw. and $5.9{\sim}7.8$ mg/g dw., respectively. On the other hand, those of H. coraloides were in the range of 1.7 mg/g dw. and 3.9 mg/g dw., respectively. From the results of correlation ($R^2$ = 0.1) between ergothioneine and polyphenols in the strains, it was found that the total contents of them differ by strains but the ratio of the two compounds was not very different in the strains.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.159-167
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• 2020

This study investigated the effect of different light sources in the poultry house on performance, meat quality, and blood composition of finishing broilers. Two hundred and forty male broilers (1-day-old, 42.2±0.1 g) were divided into three groups and subjected to different light source treatments (incandescent, LED, and fluorescent lamps) from 3 weeks of age (four replications/treatment, 20 birds/replication). After breeding for 6 weeks, the carcass yield and meat quality of broilers with similar body weight (BW; 3.4±0.07 kg) were investigated, and blood components were analyzed. Corn-soybean meal-based feed was provided as starter (CP 22.5%, ME 3,020 kcal/kg), early (CP 18.5%, ME 3,050 kcal/kg), and finishing (CP 18%, ME 3,100 kcal/kg). Performance, carcass yield, meat quality, and blood components were evaluated. BW, BW gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio did not show any significant differences among treatments. There was no significant difference on live weight and carcass yield among treatments. There was no significant difference on meat color, shear force, and water holding capacity; however, cooking loss at 17.2% was the highest in the LED treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on blood components except for glucose (blood biochemistry component) among treatments. Glucose was 234.5 mg/dL, 256.9 mg/dL, and 250.1 mg/dL in the three treatments, respectively, with a significant difference between incandescent and LED treatments (P<0.05). These results are used useful as basic data for investigating the effect of lighting in broilers production.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.164-170
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• 2011

Amanita hemibapha is a kind of mycorrhizal mushroom which has a relation with host plants and environmental factors. For the purpose of studying the relationship between environmental factors and mushrooms, in this study we conducted to investigate the soil physicochemical properties, the distribution of plants and the diversity of mushrooms in Gwangyang, Chungdo and Daegu. Soil texture in habitate of Amanita hemibapha was Sandy Loam and Sandy Clay Loam which contains a high rate of sand. Soil pH was approximately 5.0 in all study sites. Total nitrogen contents, C/N ratio and available phosphate($P_2O_5$) were the highest at the Chungdo. However, Gwangyang and Chungdo represent similar Cation Exchange Capacity(C.E.C) and Daegu has much less than other areas. Exchangeable cations, $Ca^{2+}$ content was higher at Gwangyang and Chungdo than Daegu and $Na^+$ content was the highest at Chungdo among three sites. Daegu has much $Mg^{2+}$ contents followed by Chungdo and Gwangyang. Interestingly, $K^+$ content listed in reverse order of $Mg^{2+}$ at Gwangyang, Chungdo and Daegu. The main woody plants in study sites are confirmed as Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus mongolica, Q. serrata and Pinus densiflora. Quercus species are found as a common species in three study sites. Lastly, 8 family and 12 species of mushrooms are emerged in Gwangyang, also 8 family and 12 species and 5 family and 10 species are found in Chungdo and Daegu, respectively. Amanita pantherina, Boletus edulis, Tylopilus felleus and Marasmius maximus, which found in study sites, are also kind of mycorrhizal mushroom same as A. hemibaph. By using correspondence analysis, Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, Q. variabilis and C. laxiflora are expected to as a host plant of A. hemibapha.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.276-285
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop a new fermented product (named as Cheonggeumjang) using Sigumjang, Cheonggukjang and Oak mushroom. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Sigumjang, Cheonggukjang, and Cheonggeumjang, which were mixed in a different ratio as A (Sigumjang: Cheonggukjang = 1:2), B (Sigumjang: Cheonggukjang = 1:1) and C (Sigumjang: Cheonggukjang = 2 : 1). Then, the functions and physicochemical properties of products were investigated. We found that the crude protein content in Cheonggeumjang was higher than in Sigumjang whereas fat and calories content was less than that of Cheonggukjang. Free sugar content in Cheonggeumjang C 5.8681 g/100g was the highest. Moroever, Cheonggeumjang C and Sigumjang has an antioxidant activities. The electron donating capacity, SOD like activity and the inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase of these two were significantly high than other group. Fat rancidity is promoted in the presence of metal ion, Cheonggeumjang group has higher inhibitory effect on $Fe^{2+}$ion than on $Cu^{2+}$ ion. The rancidity of fat is also increased by reactive oxygens species, Cheonggeumjang group inhibited $H_2O_2$ in higher extent than $KO_2$. Also, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity of Cheonggeumjang C in all of the concentrations (300 ppm, 500 ppm and 700 ppm) is higher than other groups. In sensory evaluation, Cheonggeumjang C groups is ranked significantly higher than the other groups while considering color, flavor, taste and the overall acceptability. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that Cheonggeumjang is best ingredient for increasing the consumer acceptability and functionality.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.746-753
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• 1998

Background : Cigarette smoking is closely related to both lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The incidence of lung cancer is higher in patients with obstructive ventilatory impairment than in patients without obstructive ventilatory impairment regardless of smoking. So, obstructive ventilatory impairment is suspected as an independent risk factor of lung cancer. Methods: For the evaluation of the role of obstructive ventilatory impairment as a risk factor of lung cancer, a total of 73 cases comprising 47 cases of malignant and 26 benign solitary pulmonary nodule were analyzed retrospectively. A comparative study of analysis of forced expiratory volume curves and frequencies of obstructive ventilatory impairment were made between cases with malignant and benign nodules. Results: In comparison of vital capacity and parameters derived from forced expiratory volume curve between two groups. VC, FVC and $FEV_1$ were not significantly different. whereas $FEV_1/FVC%$ and FEF 25-75% showed a significant decrease in the cases with malignant nodule. The frequency of obstructive ventilatory impairment determined by pulmonary function test was significantly higher in the cases with malignant nodule(23.4%) than in benign nodule(3.8%). When the risk for lung cancer was examined by the presence or absence of obstructive ventilatory impairment using the logistic regression analysis, the unadjusted relative risk for the lung cancer of obstructive ventilatory impairment was 17.17. When the effect of smoking and age were considered, the relative risk was to 8.13. Conclusion: These findings suggest that an obstructive ventilatory impairment is a risk factor of lung cancer.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.994-1001
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• 2008

Freundlich isothermal adsorption parameters, applicable to such biofilter-model as process-lumping model(Lim's model), for sterilized granular activated carbon(GAC), sterilized compost and sterilized equal volume mixture of GAC and compost were obtained and were compared each other, assuming that adsorbents are enclosed by water layer, in order to construct robust process-lumping biofilter model effective for wide-range of hydrophilic volatile organic compounds(VOC). In this investigation 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.0ml of ethanol were added to three kinds of adsorbent-media and were placed at $30^{\circ}{\cdots}$ under the wet condition of the media, which was the same as biofilter operating condition, until the adsorption reached the condition of equilibrium before each adsorbed amount of ethanol was obtained. Then adsorption capacity parameters(K) and adsorption exponents of Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation, which simulates the adsorbed amount of ethanol equilibrated with the ethanol concentration of the condensed water in the pore of the media, were constructed for sterilized granular activated carbon(GAC), sterilized compost and sterilized equal volume mixture of GAC and compost as (0.7566 and $5.070{\times}10^{-7}mg-ethanol/mgmedia/(mg-ethanol/m^3)^{0.7566}$), (0.8827 and $1.000{\times}10^{-8}mg-ethanol/mgmedia/(mg-ethanol/m^3)^{0.8827}$) and (0.5688 and $5.243{\times}10^{-6}mg-ethanol/mgmedia/(mg-ethanol/m^3)^{0.5688}$), respectively. These Freundlich isothermal adsorption parameters were applicable to the adsorption characteristics of biofilter media enclosed with bio-layer. The order of magnitude of the ratio of ethanol-air/water partition coefficient and toluene-air/water partition coefficient was almost consistent to that of ethanol-adsorbed amounts in this experiment with compost and in the investigation of Delhomenie et al. on toluene-adsorption to wet compost.