• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2018

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is characterized by increased susceptibility to chronic and recurrent infections of the skin, mucous membranes, and nails by Candida species. It is a primary immunodeficiency disorder that is difficult to diagnose because of its heterogeneous clinical manifestations and genetic background. A 20-month-old boy who did not grow in height for 3 months was diagnosed as having hypothyroidism and he had hepatitis which was found at 5 years old. He presented with persistent oral thrush and vesicles on the body, the cause of which could not be identified from laboratory findings. No microorganism was detected in the throat culture; however, the oral thrush persisted. Immunological tests showed that immunoglobulin (Ig) subclass IgG and cluster of differentiation (CD)3, CD4, and CD8 levels were within normal limits. We prescribed oral levothyroxine and fluconazole mouth rinse. The patient was examined using diagnostic exome sequencing at the age of 6 years, and a c.1162A>G (p.K388E) STAT1 gene mutation was identified. A diagnosis of CMC based on the STAT1 gene mutation was, thus, made. At the age of 8 years, the boy developed a malar-like rash on his face. We conducted tests for detection of antinuclear antibodies and anti-dsDNA antibodies, which showed positive results; therefore, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was also suspected. Whole exome sequencing is important to diagnose rare diseases in children. A STAT1 gene mutation should be suspected in patients with chronic fungal infections with a thyroid disease and/or SLE.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2021

Objectives: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) treatment is advised for all women due to its symptoms and complications. In this study, the standard treatment, clotrimazole, was compared with chamomile extract cream in outpatient clinics. Methods: We recruited 73 women with VVC, who were randomly allocated into two groups, clotrimazole versus chamomile extract cream. After two weeks of treatment with the same criteria, cheese-like vaginal discharge, itching and burning sensations, strawberry cervix, and recovery percentage was evaluated. Results: Thirty patients in each group were analyzed. There was no significant difference in age and number of pregnancies between groups (p = 0.85 and 0.09, respectively). Comparing before and after treatment, cheese like discharge (p < 0.001), itching (p < 0.001), burning (p < 0.001) had significantly improved in both groups. Further, the recovery percentage was not significantly different between groups (88.9% vs 75% in the chamomile vs clotrimazole groups, respectively). Conclusion: Chamomile is as effective as clotrimazole in VVC treatment; a higher percentage of women who used this medication recovered, although this did not reach significance. In addition, no complications were reported in either group.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the clinical characteristics and distribution of the tongue-related diagnoses in patients with tongue symptoms. Methods: The subjects were patients who visited Chosun University Dental Hospital with tongue symptoms from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. We analyzed 491 patients (139 males and 352 females) with tongue-related diagnostic code names in the Korean Standard Classification of Disease (KCD) in the Electronic Medical Record (Dentopinformation Technology Co., Seoul, Korea). Results: On analyzing the diagnoses of tongue diseases using the KCD, glossopyrosis (44.8%) and painful tongue (15.2%) showed high rates. Of the 491 patients, 139 (28.3%) were males and 352 (71.7%) were females, and the average age was 58.1 years. As for systemic diseases, there were many patients with diseases of the circulatory system (27.0%) and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (13.7%). Tongue symptoms were discomfort in 58 patients, pain in 329 patients, paresthesia in 10 patients, burning sensations in 222 patients, dysgeusia in 25 patients, dryness in 110 patients, fissures in 57 patients, and other symptoms in 72 patients. Areas with tongue symptoms were the anterior area in 102 patients, the lateral area in 140 patients, the posterior area in 12 patients, the dorsal area in 140 patients, the ventral area in 42 patients, and which area in 126 patients overall. Patients with burning mouth syndrome and oral candidiasis had significantly more tongue symptoms. Conclusions: Patients with tongue symptoms exhibited a variety of tongue diseases. Tongue symptoms were more common in women over 50 years of age and were frequently seen in patients with burning mouth syndrome and oral candidiasis.

• 한국임상수의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국임상수의학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.191-191
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• 2006

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2004

In this study, an immunoactivity of panaxtriol ginsenosides Re and Rg1 against infection due to Candida albicans was investigated. The ginsenosides were extracted from Red Ginseng with 85% ethanol and heat-treatment and were analyzed by HPLC on water-acetonitrile as a mobile phase. The HPLC analysis revealed that the extract contained ginsenosides Re and Rg1, which were eluted as a combined peak. By agar diffusion susceptibility, the mixture of Re and Rg1 had no growth-inhibitory activity on C. albicans yeast cells. However, in animal tests BALB/c mice given the mixture of Re and Rg1 intraperitoneally (Lp.) before intravenous (Lv.) infection with live C. albicans yeast cells had longer mean survival times (MST) than MST of control mice groups that received only buffer solution instead of Re and Rg1. In experiments 60% of the ginsenosides-treated mice survived the entire duration of the 50-day observation. The Re and Rg1 mixture induced production of nitric oxide when interacted with RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. In addition, the mixture caused morphological change of the macrophages. These data indicate that immunostimulation by the Re and Rg1 may be responsible for the protection of mice against disseminated candidiasis.

• 약학회지
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2015

In vaccine development, the major points may be induction of effective and increased levels of antibody production. This is especially the case when the antigenic sources are carbohydrates. For many years, thus, we have researched various types of formulations such as liposomal and conjugate vaccines. However, the fastidious formulation process and high costs are a problem. For this reason, there is currently a focus on utilizing immunoadjuvants. In this present study, we tested if platycodin D (PLD) from Platycodon Radix have immunoadjuvant activity against the cell wall of Candida albicans (CACW). The resulting data showed that in the murine model of antibody production, CACW combined with PLD [CACW/PLD/IFA] increased the production of antibodies specific to C. albicans when compared to the antibody production by [CACW/IFA]-induction, which was used as a negative control (P<0.05). In the case of [CACW/PLD/IFA], the antibody production was 1.4 times as that of the CFA. In addition, formulations containing either had a prolonged antibody inducing activity maintaining the initial titers of antibody as compared to the CFA formula. Cytokine profiling with the antisera displayed that the PLD produced both Th1 and Th2 immunoresponses, but Th1 dominant was much greater (P<0.05). Furthermore, [CACW/PLD/IFA] formula enhanced resistance of mice against disseminated candidiasis, whereas the CFA had no such effect. In conclusion, PLD has an immunologic activity, which is protective against the disease. Thus, PLD can be a goof candidate for a new immunoadjuvant in development of the fungal vaccine.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.234-239
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• 2011

Glycycoumarin, a 3-arylcoumarine isolated from Glycyrrhizae radix (a family of Leguminosae), is reported to have anti-bacterial activity. However, its antifungal activity is still unknown. In this present study, the antifungal activity of glycycoumarin (GLM) against Candida albicans, a polymorphic fungus was investigated. Possible mechanism such as blocking of the hyphal induction was also analyzed. By the in-vitro susceptibility analysis, GLM showed anticandidal activity, resulting in an almost complete inhibition of the fungal growth at a concentration of 320 ${\mu}g/ml$, which was equivalent to the efficacy of fluconazole at the same dose. In the murine model of disseminated candidiasis GLM enhanced resistance of mice against the disseminated disease (P<0.05), resulting in 60% protection of GLM-treated mice group during a period of 21-day observation. As for its mechanism of the antifungal activity, GLM blocked hyphal production, one of the important of virulence factors by the fungus, from the yeast form of C. albicans (P<0.01). These data indicate that GLM may contribute to the perspectives that focus on the development of a novel agent with antifungal activity specific for C. albicans infection.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.494-499
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• 2008

The role of antibody in the fungal infections is controversial. However, our previous reports showed a certain epitope in Candida albicans cell wall (CACW) induces protective antibody. A major problem is that the epitope isolation requires tremendous time with high cost. This aspect led us to investigate a simple way inducing protective antibodies against C. albicans. In the present study, we determined if $18{\beta}$-glycyrrhetinic acid ($18{\beta}$-GA) from Glabrae Radix (a family of Leguminosae) has immunoadjuvant activity. Data displayed that the $18{\beta}$-GA suppressed proliferations of both T- and Blymphocytes at high concentrations, whereas below 20 ${\mu}M$ concentration the compound supported the proliferations. These observations indicate that $18{\beta}$-GA has immunoregulatory activity. Based on this observation, an immunoadjuvant effect was examined at the low concentration. Results from animal experiments showed that CACW combined with or without $18{\beta}$-GA produced the anti-C. albicans antiserum in mice. Nevertheless, the CACW combined with $18{\beta}$-GA formula only protected mice against disseminated candidiasis (P<0.05). These data implicate that $18{\beta}$-GA has immunoadjuvant activity, which may provoke the CACW antigen to induce protective antibody. Currently, we are investigating possible mechanism of how the $18{\beta}$-GA provokes such protective immunity against the disseminated disease.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.197-200
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• 1996

6-[(N-2,3-Dichlorophenyl)aminol-7-chloro-5,8-quinolinedione (RCK1 1) was tested for in vivo antifungal activities in the treatment of systemic infection with Canclicla albicans in normal mice compared with ketoconazole. The therapeutic potential of RCK11 had been assessed by evaluating their activities (survival rates) against systemic infections in normal mice. $ED_{50}$ of intraperitoneally administered RCK11 was $0.10\pm0.01 mg/kg$ but that of ketoconazole had $8.00\pm0.73 mg/kg$ respectively. When RCK11 was administered intravenously at the $ED_{50}$(0.10 mg/kg), the colony counts of Canoliola albicans in the liver after 7 days and 14 days were reduced as likely as ketoconazole at the $ED_{50}$ (8.00 mg/kg), and the better survival rates than ketoconazole were achieved after 14 days. The results suggest that RCK11 may be a potent antifungal agent.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the effects of pilocarpine mouth care on the condition and discomfort of the oral cavity in patients with terminal cancer. Method: A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group, pre- and post-test was used. The participants were 30 patients admitted to the hospice care unit of C university hospital. Fourteen patients received pilocarpine mouth care for 5 days. The other sixteen received general mouth care. Results: Improvement in the condition of the oral cavity was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. Decrease in oral discomfort scores was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. The incidence of oral candidiasis was significantly higher in the control group compared to the experimental group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that pilocarpine mouth care could be an effective intervention for relieving oral discomfort, improving the condition of the oral cavity, and decreasing the incidence of oral candidiasis in patients with terminal cancer.