• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the impact of fatigue, pain, anxiety and depression on the quality of life (QOL) among breast cancer patients. Methods: This study was conducted from July 12th to July 20th, 2010. One hundred and fifty breast cancer patients were recruited from D city in Korea. The instruments used in this study were the fatigue, pain, anxiety, depression and the quality of life scales for patients with breast cancer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: The quality of life for cancer patients showed a significant relationship with fatigue, pain, anxiety and depression. The significant factors influencing quality of life were fatigue, pain, anxiety and depression that explained 65.6% of the variance. Conclusion: Patients with breast cancer experienced fatigue, pain, anxiety and depression which led to a negative effect on quality of life. The results suggest that intervention programs to reduce fatigue, pain, anxiety and depression could improve the quality of life for breast cancer patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.221-225
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• 2009

Background: Pain is one of the most troublesome problems caused by malignancy. We evaluated the change in pain status according to observance of NCCN guidelines in lung cancer patients. Methods: Lung cancer patients complaining of pain at admission were examined. The pain was assessed with visual analogue scale (VAS) for 20 days and moderate-to-severe pain was defined as more than VAS level 3. The guideline observance was classified as high (more than 80%), medium (50~79%) and low (less than 50%). Results: Among the total 91 lung cancer patients with pain, 34 patients (37%) had moderate-to-severe pain. Their average VAS score at admission was 5.6. It decreased to 2.9 after a 20-day period of pain management. The time to reach a VAS less than 3 was 3 days in a high guideline observance group, while it took 6 days in a low observance group. In addition, the pain in the high observance group was controlled to less than 3 VAS level in 86% of patients, whereas only 25% of patients in the low observance group succeeded. Conclusion: Pain was more effectively controlled when the dose of drugs was modified according to NCCN guidelines in lung cancer patients indicating the importance of guideline observance in pain management.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.458-467
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• 2014

Pain is one of the most common and painful symptoms that cancer patients suffer from. Pain seriously affects 30-50% of the patients at the early cancer diagnosis stage or who receive active anticancer treatments, 60-70% of the patients with progressive cancer, and 80-90% of the patients at the late stage of cancer. However, there is no systematic and easy pain control program for the cancer patients. In this study, an algorithm is proposed to provide quick pain relief service upon the occurrence of sudden pain, for the purpose of controlling the sudden pain that cancer operation survivors experience. In developing the algorithm, questionnaires, evaluation forms and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline were considered, and a trial service was provided to a group of 20 cancer patients for a month to evaluate the designed algorithm. The results of the trial service were examined by expert medical workers to evaluate the proposed algorithm, and a 90% compatibility decision was derived, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. In the case of incompatibility decision, the management of the pain diary did not have compatible results. Therefore, the further study will additionally address the customized pain diary algorithm.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4_2
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• pp.995-1006
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• 2003

Objective: The purpose of this study is to see whether pain in cancer patients is decreased by Eriobotryae Folium Fomentation. Methods: We examined the change in pain among six cancer patients, prescribing Eriobotryae Folium Fomentation. As for evaluating methods, we used the case history of pain, the direct evaluation of pain, the indirect evaluation of pain. The direct evaluation of pain is subdivided by the language expression, the non-language expression, and Visual analog scale(VAS). The indirect evaluation of pain is subdivided by the condition of walking, mood and the condition of sleep. Results: After two weeks, any remarkable pain decrease is not observed in both of the direct evaluation and indirect evaluation.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.335-337
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• 1998

This is a case report of a 69 years old non-smoking male patient with a lung cancer who presented with postherpetic neuralgia on the left T2, 3 and 4 dermatomes. This pain was aggravated in supine position. The patient did not have any other symtoms or signs to suggest the possibility of a lung cancer. Patient's baseline laboratory findings were essentially normal. Routine chest X-ray revealed hazy densities in the left apex. Further evaluation with chest CT confirmed the presence of a lung cancer corresponding to the densities seen on the chest X-ray.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.96-100
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• 2006

Pain control is very important in managing terminal cancer patients and there are several modalities to alleviate their pain. A high dosage of epidural morphine is effective to control terminal cancer pain. Furthermore, to decrease the amount of morphine, adding an alternative adjuvant like ketamine to the morphine regimen is considered helpful for controlling the pain of a terminal cancer patient. A 45 year old male patient with terminal lung cancer had neck pain that was caused by multiple bone metastases. Continuous epidural block was started with 2 mg/day of morphine and the dosage was gradually increased to 90 mg/day in 86 days. 30 mg/day of ketamine was then added to it. Overall, the morphine and ketamine dosages were increased to 564 mg/day and 140 mg/day, respectively, in 11 months until the patient expired. In this case, the high dosage of epidural morphine, 580 mg/day, was administered to control cancer pain without any severe adverse effects.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2018

The Epidural blood patch is considered the gold standard for managing postdural puncture headache when supportive measures fail. However, it is a procedure which can lead to another inadvertent dural puncture. Other potential adverse events that could occur during a blood patch are meningitis, neurological deficits, and unconsciousness. The bilateral greater occipital nerve block has been used for treating chronic headaches in patients with PDPH with a single injection. This minimally invasive, simple procedure can be considered for patients early, along with other supportive treatment, and an epidural blood patch can be avoided.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.172-176
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• 1990

In Incheon Severance Hospital, a secondary delivery hospital, anesthesiologists have treated cancer pain in the operation room when referred from other department. Intrathecal neurolytic block is a valuable means of producing high quality pain relief in any hospital. It is simple to carry out, requires brief hospitalization, can be used in elderly or severely ill patients, can be repeated with the block wears off and its duration is sufficient for the terminal cancer patients. We reviewed the clinical charateristics of the intrathecal alcohol and phenol-glycerine used in two cases of cancer with pain.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2008

Purpose: To investigate the degree of pain, and to identify barriers to and satisfaction with pain management, in an effort to provide baseline data for effective pain management interventions. Methods: The study design was descriptive and correlational. A total of 100 cancer patients who were cared for at home participated in this study. Questions regarding self-rated pain, as well as barriers to and satisfaction with pain management were included in the study instruments. The data were collected by nurses using a face-to-face interview method in May of 2008. Results: Thirty six percent of the participants were in their 70's and 18.0% suffered from cancer of the large intestine. The usual degree of pain was reported as 3.43 out of 10 points, and the study patients were generally moderately satisfied with their pain management (M=$3.15{\pm}0.78$; range, 1-5). The mean barrier score was $3.24{\pm}0.52$ (range, 1-5) and concerns regarding the progress of cancer was the most highly evaluated barrier. There was a negative relationship between the degree of pain and satisfaction with pain management, and between barriers to and satisfaction with pain management. Conclusion: The precise evaluation of pains is crucial to the proper management of pain, and the education and promotion of proper pain management practices may help to overcome barriers to pain management for cancer patients.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1992

This study was objected to evaluate clinical progressions about both the degree of pain relief and the occurrence of morphine tolerance while the epidural analgesia with low dose of morphine, bupivacaine and antidepressant continued repeatedly at every 5 day intervals of the constant-rate infusion(0.5 ml/hr, 60 ml capacity). The subjects were divided to 56 cancer and 36 non-cancer patients who failed to respond to palliative treatments. Before the relief of pain, the pain severity was moderate(10%) and severe(90%). The dose escalation of morphine noted to 11(20%)patients in cancer pain and to one(5%) case only in non-cancer. During the epidural analgesia, the effect of pain relief was moderate(11%) and good(89%). It suggest that the morphine tolerance may be reduced to some degree such as an initial minimum dose of epidural morphine with local anesthetic and antidepressant should be adjusted on an individual basis using the constant-rate infusor, even though rapid dose escalation occurrs in some patients who the diseases progress over a short period of time.