• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1645-1649
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• 2012

Purpose: This study aimed to assess possible interactive effects of coping styles and psychological stress on depression and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women shortly after diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods: Four hundred and one patients with breast cancer were face-to-face interviewed by trained research staff according to a standardized questionnaire including information on socio-demographic characteristics, psychological stress, coping styles, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Interactive effects were assessed by hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Results: There were significant associations of the four domains of psychological stress with anxiety and depressive symptoms except for the relationship between "worrying about health being harmed" and depressive symptoms. "Abreaction coping behavior" and "escaping coping behavior" significantly increased the level of both anxiety and depressive symptoms; whereas an "active coping style" reswulted in significant decrease. The interaction of "active coping behavior" with "worrying about health being harmed" significantly increased the risk of the anxiety symptoms, while adopting "self-relaxing coping behavior" was associated with significant decrease. The interaction of "worry about daily life and social relationship being restricted" with "escaping coping behavior" significantly increased the risk of the depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that certain coping styles might moderate the association of psychological stress with anxiety and depressive symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3143-3149
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in Turkey and around the world. Treatment adversely affects women's physical, psychological, and social conditions. The purpose of this study was to identify the experiences of Turkish women with breast cancer and the facilitating coping factors when they receive chemotherapy. Methods: A phenomenological approach was used to explain the experiences and facilitating factors of breast cancer patients during the treatment period. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews. The sample comprised 11 women with breast cancer receiving treatment. Results: At the end of the interviews conducted with women with breast cancer, two main themes were identified: adjustment and facilitating coping factors. The adjustment main theme had two sub-themes: strains and coping. Women with breast cancer suffer physical and psychological strains as well as stress related to social and health systems. While coping with these situations, they receive social support, turn to spirituality and make new senses of their lives. The facilitating coping factors main theme had four sub-themes: social support, disease-related factors, treatment-related factors and relationships with nurses. It has been determined that women receiving good social support, having undergone preventive breast surgery and/or getting attention and affection from nurses can cope with breast cancer more easily. Conclusions: Women with breast cancer have difficulty in all areas of their lives in the course of the disease and during the treatment process. Therefore, nurses should provide holistic care, teaching patients how to cope with the new situation and supporting them spiritually. Since family support is very important in Turkish culture, patients' relatives should be informed and supported at every stage of the treatment.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

I. Purpose This study is performed to encourage cancer patients to identify, relieve and effectively overcome the stress caused by radiotherapy, by analyzing stress reactions and coping patterns of cancer patients who perceived stress due to radiotherapy. II. Materials & Methods The study group was composed of 85 cancer patients of the age 20 or higher who were undergoing radiotherapy in four hospitals located in Seoul and Kyonggi-do. The survey questionnaire was used, which had 161 questions inquiring respondents of general status, perceived stress, stress reactions and coping patterns. The surveyed data were analyzed by a SAS program, which employed descriptive statistics. Pearson Correlation Coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and Stepwised Multiple Regression. III. Results The stress perception and reaction rates were low in cancer patients comparing to patients of the other study. In the coping patterns. the problem-focused coping patterns were significantly higher than emotion-focused coping patterns. The statistically meaningful differences were observed in the stress perception and reactions depending on the time of diagnosis and perceived health level. As for the problem-focused coping patterns, significant differences were found depending on age, marital status, education, income and the number of family members as well as perceived health level of patients. The level of perceived stress and that of stress reactions was found to have positively significant correlation(r=.764, p<.001) while the perceived stress and the problem-focused coping patterns was correlated negatively (r=-.288, p<.01). The stress reactions and the problem-focused coping patterns was found to have negatively significant correlation(r=-.289, p<.01). IV. Conclusion The problem-focused coping behavior, which cooperated with doctors, technologists, nurses and families of cancer patients, is advisable for the cancer patients to overcome uncertainty and uneasiness by effectively release the stress.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify correlation of stress, coping patterns and physical symptoms in cancer patient's caregiver. The stress was measured by VAS(Visual Analogue Scale). The coping methods were measured using the modified Ways of Coping Questionnaire by Yang (1998) and the actual physical symptoms were investigated. The phases of patient illness consisted of 1st (initial) stage, and 2nd (recurred) stage and 3rd (terminal) stage based on literature (Lewandowski & Jones, 1988). The data were collected by a survey conducted from March to July, 2000 and which included 196 cancer patients' caregivers from two hospitals in Seoul. The data were analyzed using paired t-test, unpaired t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. The average of caregivers' stress scores was 62.5. Problem-focused coping methods were significantly used more than emotion-focused coping methods by the cancer patients' caregiver. The mean number of caregivers' physical symptom was 1.03. 2. There were significantly high level of stress in women, those who were more than 60 years old, those who had a low education level, those who had no job, those who are patients' wives' and those who are terminal patients' caregiver. There were significantly low levels of coping in women, those who were more than 60 years old, those who had low education levels, those who had no job and those who are patients' wives. There were significantly higher number of physical symptoms in women, and those who have no job. 3. Caregivers' stress was significantly correlated to problem-focused coping methods (r=-.21, p=.006), and physical symptom (r=-.28, p=.0001). In conclusion, attempts to develop nursing interventions for cancer patients' caregiver in women, those who are more than 60 years old, with a low education level, have no job, and are cancer patients' wives could have an improvement on positive coping methods and provide relaxation from stress in the patients' experience.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.66-75
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• 2006

Purpose: The present study was to identify the levels of stress and coping and their relationship in mothers of children with cancer. Methods: A total of 124 mothers were recruited from a university hospital from June 1, to August 31, 2004. Parental Stress Scale developed by Miles and Carter (1983), and the Coping Behavior Patterns developed by McCubbin (1979) were used. Data were analyzed using SAS PC+ 8.0 program. Results: The mean score for the stress level in the mothers of the children with cancer was 195.6 from the range of 0-250. The mean score for the level of coping stress by the mothers of children with cancer was 121.8 from the range of 0-165. The level of coping stress was particularly high when the relationship with their husband was good, and when they felt hope for the children's health status. Conclusions: The most stressful element to the mothers of the children with cancer was the 'treatment and the nursing process for the children.' The frequently used coping methods were 'communication with other parents in the same situation' and 'consultation with the expert.'

• 종양간호연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2012

Purpose: The study was to examine the relationships between stress, ways of coping and burnout among family caregivers of cancer patients. Methods: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 207 family caregivers of cancer patients at one university hospital and one general hospital in Busan, Korea. The instruments included a Stress Scale, a Ways of Coping Scale and a Burnout Scale. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients with the SPSS WIN 19.0 program. Results: Stress was found to have significant relationships with age, relation to the patient, education, monthly income, degree of care-giving, financial burden and activities of daily living of patient. In active coping, there were significant differences according to education and religion. Passive coping was significantly related to gender. In burnout, there were significant differences according to age, relation to the patient, education, occupational status, monthly income, degree of care-giving, financial burden and activities of daily living of patient. Stress and burnout showed a positive correlation, while there was a negative correlation between burnout and active coping. Conclusion: These results suggest that promoting active coping would better support family caregivers of cancer patients in managing burnout effectively.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.529-544
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• 1994

For most parents their child's illness and hospitalization is strssful. Internal stress and over anxiousness leads to uncertainty. Parents have a variety of ways of coping when faced with such stress factors, especialy when the child has cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between uncertainty in illness and mastery and coping styles in parents of pediatric cancer patients, and further to identify differences between three groups of subjects. A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used in this study to investigate the relationship among the three groups. The sample was composed of 59 parents of children with cancer in pediatric wards in three hospitals in Seoul : 21 in Group 4 with a child newly diagnosed with cancer : 25 in Group B, with a child under treatment and rehospitalized with a relapse : and 13 in Group C, with a child with a terminal cancer, A formalized questionnaire which included demegrapic information and consisted of 75 items was used in this study ; The Parent Perception of Uncertainty Scale(PPUS) adapted form Mishel’s Uncertainty in Illness Scale, Pearlin & Schooler's Mastery Scale(MS) and Folkman & Lazarus’s Ways of Coping Checklist(WCC) were used to measure the variables : uncertainty in illness, mastery, and coping styles. A pretest was conducted on the questionnaire items for reliability. The results gathered were analyzed using SPSS /PC/sup +/. Data analysis included descriptive correltional statistics such as ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, amd chi square test. The conclusions of this analysis are summarized as follows : 1. A higher level of uncertainty was seen among parents of children with terminal cancer. 2. The first hypothesis that uncertainty in illness would differ among the three groups was supported(F=4.182, P=.020). The second and third hypotheses that mastery and coping styles would differ among the three groups were not supported. There was a correlation between uncertainty, mastery, and coping styles which was positive, also there was a positive correlation between mastery and coping style(r=.3744, P<.001) but a negative correlation between uncertainty md mastery(r=-.4749, P<.01). From the above results, it can be concluded that prediciting and controlling uncertainty in illness by considering coping styles and mastery are necessary for improved, efficient nursing interventions.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore effects of a Cancer-overcome BeHaS exercise program that consists of exercise, education, and cognitive supports to improve shoulder external rotation, cancer coping, group cohesion in mastectomy patients. Methods: A one group pre-post test design was used. Thirty mastectomy patients from C Hospital participated in the supervised exercise program once a week for 8 weeks. Data were collected from May to July 2011 using self-administered questionnaires and physical measurement. SPSS/WIN 19.0 was used for the data analysis. Results: The mean age of participants was 53.7 and the mean postoperative period after the surgery was 12.93 months. There were significant differences in the shoulder external rotation, cancer coping, group cohesion between pre and post program. Conclusion: The results showed that cancer-overcome BeHaS exercise program was an effective nursing intervention for improving breast cancer patient's shoulder external rotation, cancer coping and group cohesion.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.970-979
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• 1998

Cancer has been considered a life-threatening disease and coping patterns could have a strong impact the physical and psychological health of patients and their family. The purpose of this study was to identify the change of coping patterns according to the phases of illness in the patients with cancer and their family caregivers and to compare the coping patterns of patients with those of their caregivers. The phases of illness consisted of 1st(initial) stage, 2nd(metastatic or recurred) stage and 3rd (terminal) stage based on literature. The coping methods were measured using the modified Ways of Coping Questionnaire by Lazarus & Folkman(1984). Seventy-nine patients(35 in stage 1, 31 in stage 2, and 13 in stage 3) and ninety-two caregivers (38 in stage 1, 30 in stage 2 and 24) agreed to participate from two general hospitals in Seoul and Choongnam. No significant changes were found in the coping patterns according to the phases of illness in both groups. Patients in stage 2 and caregivers in stages 2 and 3 problem-focused coping methods were significantly used more than emotion-focused coping methods. Patients in stage 1 significantly used two coping strategies that were cognitive reconstruction and emotion expression more than caregivers. Patients in stage 2 significantly used emotion-focused coping methods including minimizing threat, blame, and emotion expression excepting wishful thinking more than caregivers. We need more research to identify the relationship between the coping methods and their efficiencies through longterm observation and attempt to develope the nursing interventions that could have an improvement on positive coping methods and provide guidance on the problems the patients experience.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.98-108
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the posttraumatic growth (PTG) in patients with lung cancer and to provide basic data for nursing intervention development to improve PTG and adaptation. Methods: The study included 126 non-small cell lung cancer patients initially diagnosed at the Lung Cancer Center, C University Hospital in S city, Gyeonggi-do. Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, disease characteristics, posttraumatic growth, cancer coping, social support, and resilience. Data were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean score for PTG in lung cancer patients was 56.39, cancer coping was 61.31, social support was 61.09, and resilience was 92.77. Significant positive correlations were found for PTG and cancer coping (r=.75, p<.001), social support (r=.52, p<.001) and resilience (r=.63, p<.001). Factors contributing to PTG of lung cancer patients were cancer coping (β=.53 p<.001), perceived health status(β=.20, p=.002), resilience (β=.21, p=.010) and importance of religion (β=.15, p=.013). This model explained about 64.0% of variances of PTG (F=29.58, p<.001). Conclusion: It is necessary to develop new nursing intervention programs to improve PTG for patients with lung cancer based on strategies to enhance coping and resilience to recovery. Longitudinal studies examining temporal changes in PTG among patients with lung cancer are suggested for future studies in this regard.