• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.236-243
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• 2012

Pleurotus nebrodensis is an edible and commercially available mushroom in Korea. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the anticancer and immunopotentiating activities of crude polysaccharides, extracted in methanol, neutral saline, and hot water (hereafter referred to as Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW, respectively) from the fruiting bodies of P. nebrodensis. ${\beta}$-Glucan and protein contents in Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW extracts of P. nebrodensis ranged from 23.79~36.63 g/100 g and 4.45~6.12 g/100 g, respectively. Crude polysaccharides were not cytotoxic against sarcoma 180, HT-29, NIH3T3, and RAW 264.7 cell lines at a range of $10{\sim}2,000{\mu}g/mL$. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides resulted in a life prolongation effect of 11.76~27.06% in mice previously inoculated with sarcoma 180. Treatment with Fr. NaCl resulted in an increase in the numbers of spleen cells by 1.49 fold at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$, compared with control. Fr. HW improved the immuno-potentiating activity of B lymphocytes through an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity by 1.65 fold, compared with control at $200{\mu}g/mL$. Maximum production of nitric oxide ($14.3{\mu}M$) was recorded in the Fr. NaCl fraction at $200{\mu}g/mL$. Production of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly higher, compared to control, and IL-6 production was highest, in contrast to TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and positive control, concanavalin at the tested concentration of the various fractions. Results of the current study suggest that polysaccharides extracted from P. nebrodensis have a strong anticancer effect and may be useful as an ingredient of biopharmaceutical products for treatment of cancer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.777-781
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• 2008

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma is a rare disease that histologically shows features of a benign tumor; however it can metastasize to the lung or other organs. We report here on a case of a 53-year-old Woman with benign metastasizing leiomyoma, and she was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of coughing for 2 months; she showed multiple diffuse nodular opacities of both lungs on a chest radiograph. She had undergone hysterectomy for leiomyoma of the uterus 13 years previously. Thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed to rule out metastatic lung cancer. The pulmonary nodules appeared benign with a very low mitotic rate and they consisted of smooth muscle cells. The pathologic findings of the pulmonary nodules were consistent with benign metastasizing leiomyoma. The patient has been followed up closely without any specific therapy.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-138
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• 2010

To obtain basic data on the use of lotus as a raw material in functional food, antioxidant and anticancer activities of the leaf and root were investigated. Total flavonoid and total phenolic contents, at 12.84 mg/g and 24.33 mg/g respectively, were higher in white lotus leaf (WLL) than in any other part of the plant. The radical-scavenging activity of different tissues of lotus, measured in the DPPH radical-scavenging assay, increased with higher concentrations of solvent fractions. The butanol fraction of white lotus leaf showed the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity. The reducing power of fractions increased in a dose-dependent manner. The butanol fraction of WLL had the greatest reducing power, and showed strong antioxidant activity in the linoleic acid system, and high-level inhibition of tyrosinase. Fractions from lotus were also capable of scavenging nitrite, depending on the concentration of the fractions. Butanol fractions of the leaf of white and red lotus scavenged 95.61% and 92.15% of available nitrite, respectively, when used at 1 mg/mL concentrations. Butanol fractions from leaf of white and red lotus exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects on human lung and colon cancer cells.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.267-274
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• 2010

To obtain basic information on the potential use of Camellia japonica leaf as a raw material in functional food, leaf antioxidant and anticancer activities were investigated. The radical-scavenging activity of various solvent fractions from the leaf, as shown by the DPPH radical test, increased in a dose-dependent manner, with the water fraction showing the highest activity. The reducing power of various solvent fractions from the leaf was also dose-dependent, and, again, the water fraction showed the highest reducing power. The water fraction showed strong antioxidant activity in the linoleic acid test and was also capable of scavenging nitrite in a dose-dependent manner. Proportions of 92.15% and 95.61% of available nitrite were scavenged by the water and butanol fractions, respectively, at levels of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. Both butanol and water fractions exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the growth of human lung and colon cancer cells. The total phenolic contents of the butanol and water fractions were 216.26 mg/g and 220.68 mg/g, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that quercetin and epicatechin were the predominant phenolic compounds in the water fraction. The activities of this fraction are attributable to the presence of these phenolic compounds, particularly quercetin and epicatechin.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.292-297
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• 2007

This study was performed to compare in vitro immune enhancing effects of polysaccharides extracted from cultivated mycelia of Agaricus blazei Murill. Carbohydrate contents of semi-purified polysaccharides were 85.6% and 95.3%, while ${\beta}$-glucan conents were 67.9% and 88.1% for intracellular and extracellular polysaccharide, respectively. Samples were adjusted to the same in their carbohydrate contents before efficacy tests. Both intracellular and extracellular polysaccharide increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis of macrophage RAW 264.7 in dose dependent manner, and the maximum increase rate was 53.9 and 53.1% in intracellular and extraceltular polysaccharide, respectively. The polysaccharides also increased synthesis of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ in RAW 264.7. For all the 3 cytokines, the increase rate of synthesis was much higher in extracellular polysaccharide compared to intracellular polysaccharide, especially at low concentration. Both polysaccarides increased the proliferation of splenocytes in vitro, intracellular polysaccharide showed increase in dose dependent manner while extraceltular polysaccharide showed increase untill medium concentration ($250\;{\mu}g/ml$). They did not show direct cytotoxicity against cancer cells such as B16F0 melanoma. As results, it was regarded that the both intracellular and extracellular polysaccharide from A. blazei showed immune enhancing effects in vitro, but the activity is higher in extracellular polysaccharide compared to intracellular polysaccharide.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2006

Objectives : This study aimed to establish cosmeceutical activities of Perilla frutescens var. acuta. Methods : Folium Perillae, which had been extracted, concentrated, and freeze drying with water and ethanol, have been used for the experiment. The effects on electronic donating ability, SOD-like activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition, whitening effect have been investigated in the cosmeceutical activity measurement of function experiment. Results : Both water and ethanol extracts of Perilla frutescens var. acuta showed relatively high electron donating ability of more than 70% at over 500ppm. Also, SOD like activity increased in a dose dependent matter of more than 80% at 5,000ppm, while tyrosinase showed insufficient inhibitory rate. Xanthine oxidase showed a meaningful inhibitory effect of 72.4% in water extract and 55.3% at 1,000ppm in ethanol extract. The addition of $Fe^{2+}ion\;and\;Cu^{2+}ion$ showed relatively high oxidizing inhibitory effect of 57% and 41%, respectively, at 500ppm in water extract and, when $Fe^{2+}$ ion was added in ethanol extract, the effect of 64% at 1,000ppm was achieved. Also, higher oxidizing inhibitory effect was shown against $Fe^{2+}$ rather than $Cu^{2+}$ in both water and ethanol extracts. For human cancer cells, relatively high growth inhibition ability was shown against melanoma G361 in both water and ethanol extracts. Conclusion : From the above results, it was confirmed that Perilla frutescens var. acuta could be used in functional cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.964-969
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• 2000

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate(DEHA) has been used extensively as a plasticizer in the manufacture of plastic products such as PVC films. Though, phthalate esters plasticizers have been known to induce endocrine system-mediated responses, few studies have been conducted for the screening of estrogenic activity of DEHA, an adipate plasticizer. This study was initiated to evaluate the estrogenic activity of DEHA by in vitro E-screen assay and in vivo uterotrophic assay. MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were treated with $DEHA(5{\times}10^{-9}{\sim}5{\times}10^{-4}\;M)$, for 144 hr, and cell proliferation was determined by sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay. DEHA dissolved in corn oil was administered subcutaneously to ovariectomized(OVX) female Sprague-Dawley rats at dosage levels of 0, 2, 20 and 200 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days. Rats were sacrificed 24 hr after final treatment and vagina and uterus(wet and blotted) weights were obtained. E-screen assayed DEHA did not generate cell proliferation at treated concentrations$(5{\times}10^{-9}{\sim}5{\times}10^{-4}\;M)$, whereas 17 ${\beta}-estradiol$(E2), the positive control, induced cell proliferation at low concentrations$(5{\times}10^{-14}{\sim}5{\times}10^{-9}\;M)$. In the uterotrophic assay, DEHA did not change vagina and uterus(wet and blotted) weights at dosage levels up to 200 mg/kg/day treatment. These results demonstrated that DEHA did not exhibit the estrogenic activity as determined by in vitro E-screen assay and in vivo uterotrophic assay.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.1226-1234
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• 2012

3,4,3',5'-Tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene (piceatannol) is a derivative of resveratrol with a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-cancer activities. We assessed the mechanisms by which piceatannol inhibits inflammatory responses using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated Raw264.7 murine macrophages. Piceatannol (0~10 ${\mu}mol/L$) decreased LPS-induced release of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, and inhibited LPS-induced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-${\kappa}B$), activator protein (AP)-1, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are crucial steps during an inflammatory response. Piceatannol prevented LPS-induced degradation of inhibitor of ${\kappa}B$ ($I{\kappa}B$), translocation of p65 to the nucleus, and phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK). Additionally, piceatannol inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and IL-6-induced translocation of STAT3 to the nucleus. Furthermore, piceatannol increased the protein and mRNA levels of hemeoxygenase (HO)-1, the rate-limiting enzyme of heme catabolism that plays a critical role in mediating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Piceatannol further induced antioxidant response elements (ARE)-driven luciferase activity in Raw264.7 cells transfected with an ARE-luciferase reporter construct containing the enhancer 2 and minimal promoter region of HO-1. These results suggest that piceatannol exerts anti-inflammatory effects via the down-regulation of iNOS expression and up-regulation of HO-1 expression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Acer tegmentosum Maxim (ATM) is known as traditional medicine for treatment of hepatic disorders such as hepatitis, related-inflammatory disease, and hepatic cancer. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ATM extracted with $80^{\circ}C$ water or 95% ethanol. Antioxidant activities of ATM extracts were measured based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, total polyphenolic compound contents, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. The anti-inflammatory effects of ATM extract were assayed on release of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, and interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages. In these experiments, 95% ethanol extract of ATM showed stronger antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects than water extract. Therefore, we determined the effects of ATM ethanol extract on an animal model of sepsis. Seven days oral gavage of ATM ethanol extract followed by LPS stimulation reduced the protein levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ in serum as well as mRNA levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and interleukin-6 in intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, ATM ethanol extract reduced DNA damage in mouse lymphocytes. These results indicate that ATM extract has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in vitro and in vivo effects and may be developed as a potential food material for prevention of inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2016

Aster yomena is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. Seasoned wild vegetables are commonly used as functional ingredients because of their bioactive effects against oxidation, cancer, and inflammation. A recent report showed that ethanol extracts from Aster yomena effectively inhibited gene expression related to lipid accumulation within interstitial cells to prevent obesity, further raising awareness of its usefulness as a highly functional ingredient. Several studies have investigated Aster yomena, but none have investigated the effects of processing on its use. Therefore, this study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidative activity of breads in which refined salt was replaced with Aster yomena powder at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0%. Bread containing any amount of Aster yomena powder did not differ significantly from the control in terms of appearance, aroma, taste, texture, and overall preference. In addition, higher levels of added Aster yomena powder were associated with greater 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity indicating the potential for production of highly functional bread and noodle products using this material.