Browse > Article

Immune Enhancing Effects of Intracellular and Extracellular Polysaccharides Extracted from Mycelial Cultivate of Agaricus blazei Murill  

Kim, Moo-Sung (R&D Center, Macrocare Tech., Ltd)
Cho, Hong-Bum (Department of Biotechnology, Seokyeong University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Microbiology / v.43, no.4, 2007 , pp. 292-297 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was performed to compare in vitro immune enhancing effects of polysaccharides extracted from cultivated mycelia of Agaricus blazei Murill. Carbohydrate contents of semi-purified polysaccharides were 85.6% and 95.3%, while ${\beta}$-glucan conents were 67.9% and 88.1% for intracellular and extracellular polysaccharide, respectively. Samples were adjusted to the same in their carbohydrate contents before efficacy tests. Both intracellular and extracellular polysaccharide increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis of macrophage RAW 264.7 in dose dependent manner, and the maximum increase rate was 53.9 and 53.1% in intracellular and extraceltular polysaccharide, respectively. The polysaccharides also increased synthesis of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ in RAW 264.7. For all the 3 cytokines, the increase rate of synthesis was much higher in extracellular polysaccharide compared to intracellular polysaccharide, especially at low concentration. Both polysaccarides increased the proliferation of splenocytes in vitro, intracellular polysaccharide showed increase in dose dependent manner while extraceltular polysaccharide showed increase untill medium concentration ($250\;{\mu}g/ml$). They did not show direct cytotoxicity against cancer cells such as B16F0 melanoma. As results, it was regarded that the both intracellular and extracellular polysaccharide from A. blazei showed immune enhancing effects in vitro, but the activity is higher in extracellular polysaccharide compared to intracellular polysaccharide.
Keywords
Agaricus blazei Murill; immune enhancing; intracellular and extracellular polysarcharide; mycelial culture;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Fitzpatrick, F.W. and J.F. DiCarlo. 1964. Zymosan, pp. 233-262. In Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 118
2 Gregory, F.J., E.M. Healy, H.P.K. Agerborg, Jr., and G.H. Warren. 1966. Studies on antitumor substances produced by Basidiomycetes. Mycologia 58, 80-90   DOI
3 Lowry, O.H., N.J. Rosebrough, A.L. Farr, and R.J. Randall. 1954. Protein measurement with the Folin-phenol reagents. J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265-275
4 Ohno, N., Y. Emori, T. Yadomae, K. Saito, A. Masuda, and S. Oikawa. 1990. Reactivity of Limulus amoebocyte lysate towards (1$\rightarrow$3)-beta-D-glucans. Carbohydr. Res. 25, 311-318
5 Lorsbach, R.B., W.J. Murphy, C.J. Lowenstein, S.H. Snyder, and S.W. Russel. 1993. Expression of the nitric oxide synthase gene in mouse macrophages activated for tumor cell killing. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 1908-1913   PUBMED
6 Megazyme International Ireland Ltd. 2002(10). Mushroom and yeast $\beta$-glucan: Assay procedure
7 Lowenstein, C.J. and S.H. Snyder. 1992. Nitric oxide, novel biological messenger, Cell 70, 705-707   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Mano-Hirano, Y., N. Sato, Y. Sawasaki, K. Haranaka, N. Satomi, H. Nariuchi, and T. Goto. 1987. Inhibition of tumor-induced migration of bovine capillary endothelial cells by mouse and rabbit tumor necrosis factor. J. Natl. Cancer. Inst. 78, 115-120   DOI   PUBMED
9 Won, S.Y. and E.H. Park. 2005. Anti-inflammatory and related pharmacological activities of cultured mycelia and fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris. J. Ethnopharm. 555-561
10 Marcinkiewicz, J. and B.M. Chain. 1993. Different regulation of cytokine production by nitric oxide. Immunol. 80, 146-150
11 Kroncke, K.D., V. Kolb-Bachofen, B. Berschick, V. Burkart, and H. Kolb. 1991. Activated macrophages kill pancreatic syngeneic isolet cells via arginine-dependent nitric oxide generation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175, 752-758   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Bohn, J.A. and J.N. BeMiller. 1995. (13)-$\beta$-D-Glucans as biological response modifiers: a review of structure-functional activity relationships. Carbohydr. Polymers 28, 3-14   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Dubois, M., K.A. Gilles, J.K. Hamilton, P.A. Rebers, and F. Smith. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal. Chem. 28, 350-356   DOI
14 Lovett, D., B. Kozan, M. Hadam, M. Resch, and D. Gemsa. 1986. Macrophage cytotoxicity: Interleukin 1 as a mediator of tumor cytostasis. J. Immunol. 136, 340-347   PUBMED
15 Shalaby, M.R., M.A. Palladino, Jr., S.E. Hirabayashi, T.E. Eessalu, G.D. Lewis, H.M. Shepard, and B.B. Aggarwal. 1987. Receptor binding and activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J. Leukoc. Biol. 41, 196-204   DOI   PUBMED
16 Roland, J.F., Z.F. Chmielewicz, B.A. Weiner, A.M. Gross, O.P. Boening, J.V. Luck, T.J. Bardos, H. Christine Reilly, K. Sugiura, C. Chester Stock, E.H. Lucas, R.U. Byerrum, and J.A. Stevens. 1960. Calvacin, a new antitumor agent. Science 132, 1897   DOI   PUBMED
17 Peng, Y., L. Zhang, F. Zeng, and Y. Xu. 2003. Structure and antitumor activity of extracellular polysaccharides from mycelium. Carbohydr. Polymers 54, 297-303   DOI   ScienceOn