• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.1487-1494
• /
• 2015

Background: To investigate the clinical efficacy of expanded activated autologous lymphocytes (EAAL) in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Materials and Methods: A total of 32 SCLC patients were selected and randomly divided into EAAL treatment and control groups, 16 cases in each. EAAL were obtained by proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients followed by phenotype determination. Clinical data of all patients were recorded. Patients of both groups were followed up and the overall survival (OS) were compared retrospectively. Results: After culture and proliferation in vitro, the percentages of $CD3^+$, $CD3^+CD8^+$, $CD45RO^+$, $CD28^+$, $CD29^+$, $CD8^+CD28^+$ and $CD3^+CD16^+/CD56^+$ cells increased markedly (p<0.05). The OS of the EAAL treatment group was longer than that of control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.060, HR=0.487, 95%CI 0.228~1.037). 1- to 3-year survival rates in EAAL treatment group were longer than those in control group, but there was still no significant difference (p>0.05). COX multivariate regression analysis showed that the number of chemotherapy cycles and the application of EAAL immunotherapy were independent prognostic factors for SCLC patients. The OS in females and chemotherapy${\leq}6$ cycles were obviously prolonged after EAAL immunotherapy. Conclusions: In vitro induction and proliferation of EAAL is easy and biologically safe. Generally, EAAL adoptive immunotherapy can evidently prolong the OS of SCLC patients.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.206-211
• /
• 2010

Background: Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor vaccine is an attractive modality for the treatment of colon cancer because it has been recurred and produced few side effects in patients. Secretory glycoprotein 90K has been found at elevated level in various cancer tissues and sera. We investigated to establish a more effective DC vaccine for the treatment of colon cancer in which the levels of 90K are elevated. Methods: We obtained the concentrated 90K from 293T cells stably expressing 90K. DCs were cultured from peripheral blood monocytes, and a DC vaccine pulsed with tumor lysate was compared with a DC vaccine pulsed with 90K. We measured the functional activity for CTLs by using IFN-${\gamma}$-enzyme linked immunoabsorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay. Results: DCs pulsed with tumor lysate+90K exhibited the enhanced T cell stimulation, polarization of $\ddot{i}$ T cell toward Th1. The CTLs generated by DCs pulsed with 90K efficiently lysed HCT116 cells. The results indicate that 90K-speicifc-CTLs can recognize 90K proteins naturally presented by colon cancer cells. Conclusion: Our study suggests that 90K-specific CTLs generated by 90K-pulsed DCs could be useful effector cells for immunotherapy in colon cancer.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 2020

Changing trends in anticancer research have altered the treatment paradigm to the extent that it is difficult to investigate any anticancer drugs without mentioning immunotherapy. Thus, we are finally contemplating tumour regression using magic bullets known as immunotherapy drugs. This review explores the possible options and pitfalls in tumour regression by first elucidating the features of cancer and the importance of tumour microenvironments. Next, we evaluated the trends of anticancer therapeutics regulating tumour microenvironment. Finally, we introduced the concept of tumour regression and various targets of tumour microenvironment, which can be used in combination with current immunotherapy for tumour regression. In particular, we emphasize the importance of regulating the neurological manifestations of tumour microenvironment (N) in addition to inflammation (I) and hypoxia (H) in cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제87권1호
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2024

After the successful development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), these innovative treatment options are rapidly being applied in the adjuvant setting for early-stage NSCLC. Some adjuvants that have recently been approved include osimertinib for epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated tumors and atezolizumab and pembrolizumab for selected patients with resectable NSCLC. Numerous studies on various targeted therapies and immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy are currently ongoing in the adjuvant setting. However, several questions regarding optimal strategies for adjuvant treatment remain unanswered. The present review summarizes the available literature, focusing on recent advances and ongoing trials with targeted therapy and immunotherapy in the adjuvant treatment of early-stage NSCLC.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.11-15
• /
• 2018

Chemotherapy and surgical resection are the mainstay of cancer treatment. Particularly for chemotherapy, although it is effective method to care, sometimes cure various cancers, there are many different status of cancer not being controlled by chemotherapy such as recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy. In order to overcome those difficulties during cancer therapy, immunotherapy targeting immune cells and immune associated factors to enhance cancer immunity has been highlighted. Innate immunity plays important roles on initial stage of cancer immunity that are detecting, killing cancer cells and initiating adaptive immunity for cancer. So many basic and clinical studies to manage innate immunity for cancer therapy have been going on, and most of them were to stimulate innate immune cells including dendritic cell, macrophage, monocyte, and natural killer cell in various ways. They showed promising results but still there are many things to be resolved before clinical application. Herein, I review the role of innate immune cells and therapeutic trials for colorectal cancer.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.247-259
• /
• 2022

Immunotherapy, which uses an immune mechanism in the body, has received considerable attention for cancer treatment. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), also known as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), is used as a cancer treatment to induce active immunity by increasing the expression of T cell-induced chemokines. However, this SAHA treatment has the disadvantage of causing PD-L1 overexpression in tumor cells. In this study, we prevented PD-L1 overexpression by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway using PD-L1 siRNA. We designed two types of liposomes, the neutral lipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholin (POPC) for SAHA, and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammoniumpropane (DOTAP) for siRNA. To effectively target PD-L1 in cancer cells, we conjugated PD-L1 antibody with liposomes containing SAHA or PD-L1 siRNA. These immunoliposomes were also evaluated for cytotoxicity, gene silencing, and T-cell-induced chemokine expression in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. It was confirmed that the combination of the two immunoliposomes increased the cancer cell suppression efficacy through Jurkat T cell induction more than twice compared to SAHA alone treatment. In conclusion, this combination of immunoliposomes containing a drug and nucleic acid has promising therapeutic potential for non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

• Journal of Breast Cancer
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.343-353
• /
• 2018

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. In developed as well as developing countries, breast cancer is the most common cancer found among women. Currently, treatment of breast cancer consists mainly of surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiotherapy. In recent years, because of increased understanding of the therapeutic potential of immunotherapy in cancer prevention, cancer vaccines have gained importance. Here, we review various immunotherapeutic breast cancer vaccines including peptide-based vaccines, whole tumor cell vaccines, gene-based vaccines, and dendritic cell vaccines. We also discuss novel nanotechnology-based approaches to improving breast cancer vaccine efficiency.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제57권2호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2024

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin tumors, and conventional treatment modalities are not effective in treating advanced melanoma. Although immunotherapy is an effective treatment for melanoma, it has disadvantages, such as a poor response rate and serious systemic immune-related toxic side effects. The main solution to this problem is the use of biological materials such as hydrogels to reduce these side effects and amplify the immune killing effect against tumor cells. Hydrogels have great advantages as local slow-release drug carriers, including the ability to deliver antitumor drugs directly to the tumor site, enhance the local drug concentration in tumor tissue, reduce systemic drug distribution and exhibit good degradability. Despite these advantages, there has been limited research on the application of hydrogels in melanoma treatment. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive review of the potential application of hydrogels in melanoma immunotherapy. Hydrogels can serve as carriers for sustained drug delivery, enabling the targeted and localized delivery of drugs with minimal systemic side effects. This approach has the potential to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for melanoma. Thus, the use of hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles for melanoma immunotherapy has great potential and warrants further exploration.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.2027-2030
• /
• 2016

Objective: To investigate the effect of peripheral blood CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cell on postoperative immunotherapy in patients with renal carcinoma. Methods: 38 patients with renal cell carcinoma were recruited, and 20 patients from the operation group purely underwent the radical nephrectomy therapy, 18 patients from the combined group successively underwent the radical nephrectomy therapy and IFN-${\alpha}$ adjuvant immunotherapy. Additionally, 12 healthy subjects were recruited in the same period of time and regarded as the control group. Flow cytometry was used to detect CD4 +, CD8 +, CD4 + CD25+ T lymphocyte subset content and the ratio of all parts in the pre-operative period, in the first post-operative week and in the third post-operative month, compare and analyze its variation trend. Results: The CD4+CD25+ T lymphocyte subset content of individual renal carcinoma patients was significantly higher than that of the control group, also increases with the progression in the tumor stage (P<0.05). The post-operative CD4 + CD25+T lymphocytes of individual operation group and combined group patients showed different degrees of increment, but the increment of the combined group was significantly lower than that of the operation group (P<0.05). For the combined group patients with less pre-operative CD4 + CD25+T lymphocytes, their levels would increase after the immunotherapy, while the pre-operative patients with more CD4 + CD25+ T lymphocytes were the opposite situation. Conclusion: The detection of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ regulatory T lymphocyte subset can reflect the anti-tumor immune status of renal cell carcinoma patient body. It can contribute to predict the prognosis of immunotherapy and provide reference for the choice of renal carcinoma post-operative adjuvant immunotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권13호
• /
• pp.5149-5152
• /
• 2015

Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are a group of tumor-associated antigens with more than 140 members whose expression has been shown to be limited to gametogenic tissues and placenta among normal tissues. However, malignant tissues of different origins have shown aberrant and elevated expression of these antigens. Such a pattern of expression endows beneficial properties for use as cancer biomarkers as well as immunotherapeutic targets as a result of the immune-privileged status of the testes. CTAs have been shown to be expressed in pediatric brain tumors, different types of sarcomas, leukemias, and lymphomas as well as neuroblastomas. Although data regarding their expression pattern in childhood tumors are not as comprehensive as for adult tumors, it is supposed that CTA-based immunotherapeutic approaches can also be used for pediatric cancers. However, there are limited data about the objective clinical responses following immunotherapy in such patients. Here we try to review the available information.