• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 1960

The present status of insecticide resistance of Korean mosquitoes is still unknown. The experiment cited below is a part of our series of resistance tests on Korean mosquitoes. The test was carried out during the summer of 1959 to ascertain the degree of resistance of Culex pipiens to insecticides currently used. Culex pipiens eggs were collected from ditches in Seoul City and reared in laboratory with media consisted of the following : Distrilled water 1.0 liter, Magnesium sulfate (MgSO$_4$.7$H_2O$) 1.0gram , Calcium sulfate (CasO$_4$.2$H_2O$) 0.5gram ; Sodium cholride 0.5 gram. A Sufficient amount of beer yeast was also used as a larvar food. Late third and early fourth instar larvae were selected for testing. The results are summarized in the following. THe LC-50 of Culex pipiens to insecticides were 0.061 ppm in p, p-DDT , 0.045 ppm in ${\gamma}$-BHC and0.029 ppm in malathion. Comparing these with LC-50 doses of Orlando laboratory strain, it can be pointed out that the present resistance of Seoul strain shows about a ten-fold increase in DDt, and a fourfold increase in ${\gamma}$-BHC . The resistance development of the Seoul strain has, however, not arisen so markedly as compared with data observed in other parts of Far Eastern areas received heavy insecticidal operations.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.199-203
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• 2016

An enzyme-free optical method is proposed for estimating high concentrations of glucose in a glucose-lactose mixture, based on a predictive equation that takes advantage of the reflective optical power observed at two discrete wavelengths. Compared to the conventional absorption spectroscopy method based on Beer's Law, which is mainly valid for concentrations below hundreds of mg/dL, the proposed scheme, which relies on reflection signals, can be applied to measure higher glucose concentrations, of even several g/dL in a glucose-lactose mixture. Two probe wavelengths of 1160 and 1300 nm were selected to provide a linear relationship between the reflective power and pure glucose/lactose concentration, where the relevant linear coefficients were derived to complete the predictive equation. Glucose concentrations from 2 to 7 g/dL in a glucose-lactose mixture were efficiently estimated, using the established predictive equation based on monitored reflective powers. The standard error of prediction was 1.17 g/dL.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.229-241
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• 2014

In 1997 the Asian Foreign Currency Crisis hit Korean shores. In its wake, Korean consumers demanded cost-saving solutions which will increase both the use-life and the fuel efficiency their vehicles. Bullsoneshot's effects include increases in gas mileage as well as cleaner cylinders, intakes and exhaust valves, the product was welcomed by an explosive demand from people driving older cars in an adverse economy. The history of Bullsone can be categorized as two major stages. The First stage is lunching era of "Bullone Shot" following competitor brand. The second stage is extension stage of brand and line based on Bullsone's positive brand equity. Mr. Hyun Woo Shin, formal CEO of OXY inc. and also formal vice president of OCI (Oriental Chemical Industries) take charge of New CEO of Bullsone. He energetically push the Bullsone's family brands and got a desirable results. He also setup ambitious goal : reach 100bn KRW in gross sales within 3 years. "Ripping itself free from 30~40 bn KRW sales range in which the company has stagnated in the last 10 years, Bullsone intends to be aggressive enough in marketing to reach 150 bn KRW in sales in 2013, and reach 700 bn KRW by 2018." This is the goal iterated by Bullsone's top executive team.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.19-30
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• 2019

Objective of this study was to develop an organic fertilizer utilizing domestic livestock horn meal and to investigate the application effect of rice and eggplant. The possibility of utilization of livestock horn meal as an organic resource to replace imported expeller cake fertilizer was examined. In order to select domestic organic resources with high nitrogen content, 8 kinds of organic matter such as chicken manure, fish meal, soybean meal, sesame meal, perilla meal, blood meal, livestock horn meal, and beer sludge were analyzed and organic resources with high nitrogen content were selected. In addition, the conditions for the production of organic fertilizers that can be used in organic agriculture were established by mixing of the rice husk biochar and the rice bran as the supplements with the raw materials for mixing ratios. The content of total nitrogen (T-N) in the livestock horn meal was 12.0 %, which was the next low in 13.5 % blood meal. The content of total nitrogen was 5.9 ~ 7.9 % in fish meal and oil cakes. Total nitrogen content of non-antibiotic chicken manure for organic farming was 3 % and nitrogen content in beer sludge was 3.5 %. Organic fertilizer was produced by using biochar, rice bran as a main ingredient of non-antibiotic chicken manure, livestock horn meal and beer sludge. Compared to nitrogen content (4.0 to 4.2 %) of imported expeller cake fertilizer (ECF), the nitrogen content of organic fertilizer utilizing domestic livestock horn meal is as high as 7.5 %. The developed organic fertilizer is met as Zn 400 mg/kg, Cu 120 mg/kg the quality of organic agricultural materials such as or less. To investigate the effect of fertilizer application on the crops, prototypes of developed organic fertilizer were used for the experiment under selected conditions. As a result of application the developed organic livestock horn meal fertilizer (LHMF) for cultivation of the rice and eggplant, the application quantity of the developed organic LHMF 100 % was decreased by 40 % compared to that of the mixed expeller cake fertilizer (MECF). The application of LHMF, which refers to the application rate corresponding to the nitrogen fertilization recommended by the soil test, was reduced by 40% compared to the application rate of MECF, but the same results were obtained in crop growth and yield. The selection of a new high concentration nitrogen source utilizing domestic organic resources and the development of organic fertilizer is the starting point of the research for substitution of imported ECF using domestic local resources at the present time that the spread of eco-friendly agriculture is becoming increasingly important. If it is expanded in the future, it is expected to contribute to the stable production of eco-friendly agricultural products.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.1
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• pp.161-166
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• 2003

Information lead time is defined as the time spent by processing orders from some buyers, whereas order lead time is defined as producing and supplying the products. The information lead time significantly serve to magnify the increase in variability due to demand forecasting. This paper models a decentralized supply chain composed of cascade type which has four type phases (or divisions) such as retailer, wholesaler, distributor, and factory. Each phases is managed by different centers individually with their own local inventory information. We investigate whether each phase's Information lead time affects companies networked a value chain. In particular, on several experiments performed with a programmed simulation (like a MIT beer game), we study the following question ; Can information lead times do better than material lead times in cost-benefit perspective\ulcorner Can more much Information lead times in downstream reasonably do worser than in upstream when playing the simulation\ulcorner In the conclusion, we show the importance of information lead time on a SC and, besides, guarantee that improvement of information lead time in upstream do more effective than one in downstream in cost-benefit perspective.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.545-554
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• 2020

Background and objective: Moth orchids in the vegetative stage are suitable for a multi-layer growing environment in a closed-type plant factory which can be a good alternative that can reduce production costs by reducing cultivation time and energy cost per plant. This study was conducted to find out the optimal rhizospheric environment for different irrigation methods without a potting medium and rhizospheric ventilation for the vegetative growth of young Phalaenopsis hybrid 'Blanc Rouge' (P. KV600 × P. Kang 1) and Phalaenopsis Queen Beer 'Mantefon' in a closed-type plant factory system. Methods: The one-month-old clonal micropropagules with bare roots rapped with a sponges were fixed on the holes of styrofoam plates above growth beds, and were watered using the ebb-and-flow (EBB) and aeroponic (AER) methods with Ichihashi solution (0.5 strength) once a day at 06:00 (P) or 18:00 (S), and both (PS). Rhizospheric ventilation (V) was also applied to change the temperature, relative humidity, and CO₂ concentration of the beds. Plants potted into sphagnum moss and watered once a week were used as the control group. Results: After 12 months of treatment, the growth characteristics of the EBB groups were the best among the treatment groups without a medium, but no effect of irrigation timing was observed. V reduced the temperature, relative humidity and CO₂ concentration of the beds. Whereas, EBB+V (ebb-and-flow with ventilation) improved plant growth and reduced the occurrence of disorders and withering. Especially, EBB+V showed a similar performance to the control group. Conclusion: The results indicated that the optimal irrigation method without a potting medium for producing middle-aged potted moth orchids was the EBB system with forced rhizospheric ventilation. Therefore, further studies on the optimal ventilation method and moisture control of the crown need to be carried out to develop the irrigation system without a potting medium for vertical farming in closed-type plant factories.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.258-263
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• 2004

In this study, we carried out a basic study for the development of optical transcutaneous $pCO_{2}$ gas sensor and analyzer using non-invasive method. The basic principle of $pCO_{2}$ measurement is adapted Beer lambert's law and embodied the system using NDIR method. This measuring system was composed of a IR lamp, a optical filter, a optical reaction chamber, pyroelectric sensor and a signal process. We measured $EtCO_{2}'s$ concentration in basis step instead of $pCO_{2}$ gas that can collect by inflicting heat in outer skin. We minimize the size of optical reaction chamber which takes up the largest volume, to make the portable sensor. We made optical reaction chamber in Si wafer using MEMS technology and the optical reaction chamber was shortened to 2 mm and we carried out an experiment. When we injected the $EtCO_{2}$ to the inside of the optical reaction chamber, we could confirm change of 4.6 mV. The system response time was within 2 second that is fairly fast.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.414-421
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• 1999

The influenced of light intensity, cell density, and light pathlength on photosynthetic activity of Chlorella vulgaris were investigated. Since the light respon curve varied according to reaction conditions, the parameters estimated from nonlinear regression were proved to be apparent and could not be applied to various situations. The light response model incorporating the light penetration through the microalgal suspension was developed based upon the spatial distribution of the photosynthetic activity. This model showed a good agreement with experimental data at different cell densities and light intensities. Using the model the effects of cell density and light pathlenth were simulated and some dicussions about optimization of operation conditions of photobioreactors were carried out. Concludingly, the developed model can be useful for predicting microalgal photosynthesis and for determining the optimal operating conditions.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2016

In order to realize In-line and convenient measurement for solid-gas two phase flows, Light Transmission Fluctuation (LTF) based on the random variation of transmitted light intensity, light scattering theory and cross-correlation method was presented for online measurement of particle size, concentration and velocity. The statistical relationship among transmitted light intensity, particle size and particle number in measurement zone was described by Beer-Lambert Law. Accordingly, the particle size and concentration were determined from the fluctuation signal of transmitted light intensity. Simultaneously, the particle velocity was calculated by cross-correlation analysis of two neighboring light beams. By considering the influence of concentration variation in industrial applications, the improved algorithm based on spectral analysis of transmitted light intensity was proposed to improve measurement accuracy and stability. Therefore, the online measurement system based on LTF was developed and applied to measure pulverized coal in power station and raw material in cement plant. The particle size, concentration and velocity of powder were monitored in real-time. It can provide important references for optimal control, energy saving and emission reduction of energy-intensive industries.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2023

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) occurs when abdominal pressure increases, such as sneezing, exercising, and laughing. Surgical and non-surgical treatments are the common methods of SUI treatment; however, the conventional treatments still require continuous and invasive treatment. Laser have been used to treat SUI, but excessive temperature increase often causes thermal burn on urethra tissue. Therefore, the optimal conditions must be considered to minimize the thermal damage for the laser treatment. The current study investigated the feasibility of the laser irradiation condition for SUI treatment using non-ablative 980 nm laser from a safety perspective through numerical simulations. COMSOL Multiphysics was used to analyze the numerical simulation model. The Pennes bioheat equation with the Beer's law was used to confirm spatio-temporal temperature distributions, and Arrhenius equation defined the thermal damage caused by the laser-induced heat. Ex vivo porcine urethral tissue was tested to validate the extent of both temperature distribution and thermal damage. The temperature distribution was symmetrical and uniformly observed in the urethra tissue. A muscle layer had a higher temperature (28.3 ℃) than mucosal (23.4 ℃) and submucosal layers (25.5 ℃). MT staining revealed no heat-induced collagen and muscle damage. Both control and treated groups showed the equivalent thickness and area of the urethral mucosal layer. Therefore, the proposed numerical simulation can predict the appropriate irradiation condition (20 W for 15 s) for the SUI treatment with minimal temperature-induced tissue.