• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.327-339
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• 2003

The objectives of this study were to conduct preliminary research to investigate full course meals in Korean style restaurants in order: i) to analyze the nutrient contents of full course meals per servings, and ii ) by analyzing the above, to examine the amount and the quality of the foods served in the full course meals by two different types of Korean style restaurants. A total of 27 restaurants participated in this study, 7 restaurants from the luxurious hotels in Seoul and 20 restaurants from the City of Changwon. A key finding was that restaurant patrons tended to overconsume nutrients as compared to the Korean Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA), and restaurants generated large amounts of food wastes due to the excess food served. Other findings were as follows: 1) Compared with 1/3 or the Korean RDA, all the nutrients were oversupplied. The average nutrient ratios were about 3.7 times higher than 113 of the Korean RDA in calories, about 9 times higher in proteins, 10 times higher in phosphorus, 7 times higher in Vitamin Bl, and 12 times higher in Vitamin E. 2) Seventy-five percent (n = 20) of the restaurants served within the range of thirty to forty dishes, whereas most of the hotel restaurants (70%) served twenty dishes or fewer. 3) The average carbohydrate: protein: fat (CPF) ratio of caloric nutrients was 40：26 : 34. This study concluded that: i) Korean style full course meals provide too much food, nutrients, and calories, resulting in an over- or unbalanced nutrient intake, and ii ) the Korean style full course meals consisted of a high-protein, high-fat and high-caloric intake, which is similar to a westernized caloric nutrient pattern. Such over -or unbalanced nutrient intake could cause chronic degenerative problems such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. These findings indicate that restaurants serving Korean style full course meals should carefully plan their menus in order to provide their customers with balanced meals. They should also be strongly encouraged to play an active role in improving their customers' nutritional status, as well as reducing the restaurants wastage of food. Lastly, further research should be conducted to improve the quality of the menus in Korean restaurants. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(3) : 327∼339, 2003)

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.12-23
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• 1984

재료(材料)는 충북대학교 구내에서 생육하는 물오리나무, 상수리나무, 아카시아나무, 은수원시시나무재(材)의 톱밥을 이용하고 촉매제(觸媒劑)는 무기염류(無機鹽類)인 연안(憐安), 유안(硫安), 염안(鹽安) 및 요소(尿素)를 농도별(濃度別)로 처리(處理)하여 건류(乾溜)함으로써 얻어지는 유출생성물(溜出生成物)과 건류탄(乾溜炭)의 생성량(生成量)과 건류탄(乾溜炭)의 품질(品質)에 미치는 발열량(發熱量)을 조사(調査)한 시험(試驗)이다. 1) Holocellulose와 pentosan 함유량이 가장 많은 수종은 은수원사시나무재(材)였으며 촉매제(觸媒劑)로 연안처리(憐安處理)를 한 것이 은수원자시나무 재(材)에서 건류(乾溜) 유출액생성량(溜出液生成量)도 많았다. 2) 촉매제(觸媒劑)의 농도(濃度)가 높을수록 건류(乾溜) 액상생성물량(液狀生成物量)은 감소하였으며 무처리재(無處理材)의 것이 가장 많은 유출액생성량(溜出液生成量)을 보여주고 있다. 3) 건류탄(乾溜炭) 생성량(生成量)은 촉매제(觸媒劑)의 농도(濃度)가 높을수록 증가(增加)하였으며 Lignin 함유량(含有量)이 많은 수종(樹種)일수록 건류탄생성량(乾溜炭生成量)도 많았다. 4) 촉매제(觸媒劑)의 종류(種類)에 의한 건류탄(乾溜炭)의 발열량(發熱量)에는 큰 차이(差異)가 없었으나 촉매제(觸媒劑)의 농도(農度)가 높은 것일수록 발열량(發熱量)은 감소되었다. 그러나 촉매제(觸媒劑)의 종류별(種類別)로 생성(生成)된 건류탄(乾類炭)의 발열량간(發熱量間)에는 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되지 않았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.31-35
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• 1982

(1) 열량(熱量)및 모든 영양소(營養素)를 1일(日) 섭취량(攝取量)과 권장량(勸奬量)를 비교(比較)할때 열량(熱量)에서 남(男)68.7%, 여(女)70.0% ca에서 여(女) 78.3%로 섭취율(攝取率)이 낮았고 다른 영양소(營養素)는 권장량(勸奬量)보다 높은 비율(比率)로 섭취(攝取)하고 있었다. (2) 탄수화물(炭水化物), 지방(脂肪), 단백질(蛋白質)의 비율(比率)은 남(男)64 : 11 : 24, 여(女)66 : 11 : 23이었다. (3) 식품섭취(食品攝取)는 동물성(動物性)보다 식물성섭취(植物性攝取)가 높았고 곡류(穀類)및 서류(薯類)의 섭취(攝取)가 32.8%로 가장 높았다. (4) 어머니의 영양지식(營養知識)과 영양소섭취량(營養素攝取量)과의 관계(關係)는 남(男)의 경우 열량(熱量), 단백질(蛋白質), Ca와 여아(女兒)의 경우 열량섭취(熱量攝取)에서 유의적인 차이(差異)를 보여주어 영양지식(營養知識)이 높을수록 높은 함량(熱量)을 섭취(攝取)하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.335-344
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• 2019

Obesity causes inflammation and impairs thermogenic functions in brown adipose tissue (BAT). The adipokine lipocalin 2 (LCN2) has been implicated in inflammation and obesity. Herein, we investigated the protective effects of caloric restriction (CR) on LCN2-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress in the BAT of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Mice were fed a HFD for 20 weeks and then either continued on the HFD or subjected to CR for the next 12 weeks. CR led to the browning of the white fat-like phenotype in HFD-fed mice. Increased expressions of LCN2 and its receptor in the BAT of HFD-fed mice were significantly attenuated by CR. Additionally, HFD+CR-fed mice had fewer neutrophils and macrophages expressing LCN2 and iron-positive cells than HFD-fed mice. Further, oxidative stress and mitochondrial fission induced by a HFD were also significantly attenuated by CR. Our findings indicate that the protective effects of CR on inflammation and oxidative stress in the BAT of obese mice may be associated with regulation of LCN2.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2002년도 동계연구발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.120-120
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• 2002

In past years, theoretical controversy involving a realistic and physical mechanism that leads to large magnetic entropy change as a large magneto-caloric effect in colossal magneto-resistance (CMR) materials had been left as an open question. Thus it is desirable to clarify this problem. (omitted)

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2010

최근 들어 유럽 및 미국을 중심으로 각광받고 있는 가스화 열병합 설비는 석탄이나 바이오매스, 폐기물로부터 지역의 전기 및 냉난방 에너지를 공급하는 중소형 규모의 에너지 시스템으로서 시장적 측면이나 기술적 측면에서 그 활용 가능성이 매우 밝은 것으로 예견되고 있다. 가스화로부터 얻어지는 합성가스는 일반적으로 가스엔진, 스털링 엔진, 마이크로 가스터빈 및 중소형 가스터빈 등이 원동기 연료로 사용될 수 있다. 그러나 가스화를 통한 합성가스는 일반적으로 LPG, CNG와 같은 고발열량 가스연료에 비해 발열량이 낮고, 반응성 및 화염속도도 매우 큰 차이를 보인다. 본 연구는 저발열량의 합성가스연료를 이용한 고효율 전소엔진 개발의 전 단계로서 60kW급 디젤혼소엔진을 개발하였다. 저발열량의 합성가스를 모사하기 위해 CNG에 질소를 희석한 연료를 사용하였으며, 디젤 연료 분사를 제어하기 위한 인젝터 드라이버 및 ECU를 적용하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2006

The main purpose of this study is to develop the greenhouse gas emission factor for power plant using bituminous coal. The power plant is a major source of greenhouse gases among the sectors of fossil fuel combustion, thus information of its emission factors is very essential to the establishment of control strategies for the greenhouse gas emissions. These emission factors derived in this study were compared with those of U. S. EPA, AGO and CCL. The $CO_{2}$ concentrations in the flue gas were measured using NDIR analyser and the GC-FID with a methanizer. The amount of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) in fuel was measured using an elemental analyzer. Calorific values of fuel were also measured using a calorimeter. Caloric value of bituminous coal used in the power plants were 5,957 (as received basis), 6,591 (air-dried basis) and 6,960 kcal/kg (dry basis). Our estimates of carbon emission factors were lower than those of IPCC. The CO2 emission factors for the power plants using bituminous coal were estimated to be 0.791 Mg/MWh (by carbon contents and caloric value of the fuel) and 0.771 Mg/MWh (by $CO_{2}$ concentration of the flue gas). The $CO_{2}$ emission factors estimated in this study were $3.4\sim 5.4\%$ and $4.4\sim 6.7\%$ lower than those of CCL (2003) and U. S. EPA (2002).

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권11호
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• pp.671-676
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• 2012

Caloric restriction (CR) has been associated with health benefits and these effects have been attributed, in part, to modulation of oxidative status by CR; however, data are still controversial. Here, we investigate the effects of seventeen weeks of chronic CR on parameters of oxidative damage/modification of proteins and on antioxidant enzyme activities in cardiac and kidney tissues. Our results demonstrate that CR induced an increase in protein carbonylation in the heart without changing the content of sulfhydryl groups or the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT). Moreover, CR caused an increase in CAT activity in kidney, without changing other parameters. Protein carbonylation has been associated with oxidative damage and functional impairment; however, we cannot exclude the possibility that, under our conditions, this alteration indicates a different functional meaning in the heart tissue. In addition, we reinforce the idea that CR can increase CAT activity in the kidney. Moreover, CR caused an increase in CAT activity in kidney, without changing other parameters. Protein carbonylation has been associated with oxidative damage and functional impairment; however, we cannot exclude the possibility that, under our conditions, this alteration indicates a different functional meaning in the heart tissue. In addition, we reinforce the idea that CR can increase CAT activity in the kidney.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.164-173
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• 1993

This study was aimed to investigate whether abdominal obesity is associated with non-insulin dependednt diabetes. The distribution of body fat patterns was observed in 181 female patients with diabetes, aged 33 to 83 years, living in the Taegu area, Korea. The following anthropometric measuremetns were made on all participants from October 1 to November 25, 1991 : weight, height ; waist and hip circumferences in standing position. The waist hip circumference ratio was used as an index of abdominal obesity. The results were as follows; 1) The mean fasting blood glucose of diabetic subjects was 145$\pm$50.3mg/dl and the mean duration of diabetes was 4.7$\pm$7.5 years. 2) Obese subjects above the ideal body weight body weight of 120% in the investigation are presently 52%, but 63% of subjects were reported to be obese in the past. The mean BMI of the subjects is 24.57$\pm$3.15 and the past mean BMI was 27.13$\pm$3.26. One year after reaching their highest body weight, 47% of the subjects developed diabetes. Two years after reaching their peak body weight, 74% of diabetic subjects developed diabetes. 3) Using the waist-hip circumference ratio, subjects beloing to the upper body obesity(WHR>0.84) were 65.5%. 4) The average daily energy intake did not differ between the obese and non-obese diabetic subjects, whether they were assessed with BMI or with RBW. 5) The average daily energy intake was higher in the upper body obesity subjects than in the lower body obesity subjects. 6) Diabetics withing the regular exercise group had lower fasting blood glucose levels than the non-regular exercise group. Exercise did not effect the RBW, BMI, and WHR. 7) The waist-to-hip circumference ratio correlated significantly in positive with waist-circumference, but did not correlated with hip-circumference. Therefore, WHR may depended on the increased accumulation of abdominal fat in female diabetics. In conclusion, these findings suggest that caloric intake is more associated with abdominal fat accumulation in diabetic women. Blood glucose concentration is independently effected by exercise, and exercise does not affect the WHR. Therefore, control of caloric intake and development of specific exercises to change the WHR seems important for controling diabetes in female subjects.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2008

Objective Weight change in the postpartum period is a dominant concern of new mothers recently. Postpartum weight retention has important public health implication as well, because retention of gestational weight can be a significant contributor to long-term obesity and associated health risks. This study was designed to collect the latest papers and find more effective approach for postpartum obesity. Methods We searched 81 papers in English from PubMed and selected 41 in favor of our study. In addition to that, we searched 11 papers in Korean and 2 papers in Chinese. Results are as follows. Results and Conclusions These papers show that many different factors were related with postpartum weight retention. This study suggests that moderate weight gain during pregnancy is important to prevent postpartum obesity. Adequate caloric restriction and exercise are needed to prevent from postpartum weight retention. In addition, husbands, some relatives and friends are primary sources for postpartum female to lose and keep up weight. The effect of weight loss associated with lactation significantly differs from paper to paper. There are not many treatments for postpartum weight retention. So, more effective treatments using Korean traditional medicine must be improved even from now on. This study can offer many ideas to treat postpartum weight retention.